Fiefs and Vassals is a book that will change our view of the medieval world. Offering a fundamental challenge to orthodox conceptions of feudalism, Susan Reynolds argues that the concepts of fiefs and vassalage that have been central to the understanding of medieval society for hundreds of years are in fact based on a misunderstanding of the primary sources.
Reynolds demonstrates convincingly that the ideas of fiefs and vassalage as currently understood, far from being the central structural elements of medieval social and economic relations, are a conceptual lens through which historians have focused the details of medieval life. This lens, according to Reynolds, distorts more than it clarifies. With the lens removed, the realities of medieval life will have the chance to appear as they really are: more various, more individual, more complex, and perhaps richer than has previously been supposed.
This is a radical new examination of social relations within the noble class and between lords and their vassals, the distillation of wide-ranging research by a leading medieval historian. It will revolutionize the way we think of the Middle Ages.

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43,1 MB
24 wrz 11 14:51

Susan Reynolds - Fiefs and Vassals, The Medieval E vidence Reinterpreted (1996).pdf

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194 KB
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Nicholas Tracy - Nelson's Battles, The Art of Vict ory in the Age of Sail (2001).jpg

This book is a brilliant study of those naval battles of Horatio Nelson which played such an important role in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte. It is a significant contribution to the study of the development of strategy and naval tactics in the eighteenth century. His three great victories at the Nile, Copenhagen and Trafalgar are described in detail, as well as the ships and their armament, strategy. battle tactics, signals and instructions and, not least, the protagonist himself.

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113,2 MB
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Nicholas Tracy - Nelson's Battles, The Art of Vict ory in the Age of Sail (2001).pdf

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201 KB
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David Rohrbacher - Historians of Late Antiquity (2 002).jpg

The fourth and fifth centuries AD were an era of religious conflict, political change, and military struggle; they were in short a period of profound change as new ideas and changing empires challenged and disrupted the ancient world. The historians of these turbulent times were a diverse group and their individual backgrounds reflected the world they observed and recorded. They were both pagan and Christian, writing in both Greek and Latin, and documented church and state.
Here the reader will find a survey of their lives and their writings. The first half explores the structure, style and purpose of their writings and the second compares and contrasts the information they provide and the views they express so that the reader will not only gain a sense of them as individuals but will benefit from having multiple vantage points on a fascinating time.

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0,9 MB
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David Rohrbacher - Historians of Late Antiquity (2 002).pdf

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175 KB
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Averil Cameron -The Mediterranean World in Late An tiquity, AD 395-600 (1993).jpg

This book provides both a detailed introduction to the vivid and exciting period of `late antiquity' and a direct challenge to conventional views of the end of the Empire.

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1,9 MB
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Averil Cameron -The Mediterranean World in Late An tiquity, AD 395-600 (1993).pdf

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250 KB
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Donald Quataert - Ottoman Empire 1700-1922 (2005).jpg

This major new survey of the Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922, strikes a balance among social, economic, and political history. The book examines the major trends during the latter years of the empire; it pays attention to gender issues and to hotly-debated topics such as the treatment of minorities. Donald Quataert, a distinguished Ottoman scholar, has written a lively, authoritative and accessible introduction, supported by maps, illustrations and a chronology, which will be of enormous value to students and nonspecialists alike.

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5,1 MB
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Donald Quataert - Ottoman Empire 1700-1922 (2005).pdf

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229 KB
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Norman Yoffee - Myths of the Archaic State, Evolut ion of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizati ons (2004).jpg

Historia2 - Norman Yoffee - Myths of the Archaic State, Evolution ...f the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations 2004.jpg

Classical archaeology promotes the view that a state's evolution reflects general, universal forces. Norman Yoffee challenges the model in this book by presenting more complex and multi-linear models for the evolution of civilizations. Yoffee questions the definition of the prehistoric state, particularly that which heralds "the chiefdom" as the forerunner of the ancient state and explores case studies on the role of women in ancient societies.

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3,4 MB
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Norman Yoffee - Myths of the Archaic State, Evolut ion of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizati ons (2004).pdf

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Alan Stephens, Nicola Baker - Making Sense of War, Strategy for the 21st Century (2006).jpg

Making Sense of War provides a comprehensive and clear analysis of the complex business of waging war. It gives readers a thorough understanding of the key concepts in strategic thought, concepts that have endured since the Athenian general Thucydides and the Chinese philosopher/warrior Sun Tzu first wrote about strategy some 2500 years ago. It also examines the influence on strategic choice and military strategy of political, legal and technological change. This book discusses strategy at every level of competition, employing a thematic approach and using historical examples from 500 BCE to the present. It discusses the contraints and opportunities facing military commanders in the 21st century, and demonstrates that the formulation of military strategy will continue to be perhaps the single most important responsibility for senior security officials. Making Sense of War offers original insights into the imperatives of military success in the era of asymmetric warfare.

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153 KB
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Hilda Ellis Davidson - The Lost Beliefs of Norther n Europe (1993).jpg

Fragments of ancient belief have been incorporated into folklore and Christian dogma with the result that its original tenets have merged with the myths and psychologies of the intervening years. Hilda Ellis Davidson sifts through centuries of cultural and religious influences to locate evidence of these ``lost'' pagan beliefs. Davidson illustrates how northern pagan religions have been represented and misinterpreted by the Christian tradition and throws light on the nature of such beliefs and how they have been preserved.

About the Author
Now retired, Hilda Ellis Davidson was formerly Vice-President of Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge University.

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1,7 MB
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Hilda Ellis Davidson - The Lost Beliefs of Norther n Europe (1993).pdf

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139 KB
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Malcolm Barber - The Two Cities, Medieval Europe, 1050–1320 (2004).jpg

First published to wide critical acclaim in 1992, The Two Cities has become an essential text for students of medieval history. For the second edition, the author has thoroughly revised each chapter, bringing the material up to date and taking the historiography of the past decade into account.

The Two Cities covers a colourful period from the schism between the eastern and western churches to the death of Dante. It encompasses key topics such as:

* the Crusades
* the expansionist force of the Normans
* major developments in the way kings, emperors and Popes exercised their powers
* a great flourishing of art and architecture
* the foundation of the very first universities.

Running through it all is the defining characteristic of the high Middle Ages: the delicate relationship between the spiritual and secular worlds, the two 'cities' of the title.

This survey provides all the facts and background information that students need, and is defined into straightforward thematic chapters. It makes extensive use of primary sources, and makes new trends in research accessible to students. Its fresh approach gives students the most rounded, lively and integrated view of the high Middle Ages available.

About the Author
Malcolm Barber is Professor of Medieval History at the University of Reading. His many books include The Templars, The Cathars and The New Knighthood, A History of the Order of the Temple.

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5,2 MB
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Malcolm Barber - The Two Cities, Medieval Europe, 1050–1320 (2004).pdf

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Jean Labayle Couhat - French Warships Of World War I (1974).jpg

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29,4 MB
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Jean Labayle Couhat - French Warships Of World War I (1974).pdf

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Emilian Kavalski - India and Central Asia, The Myt hmaking and International Relations of a Rising Po wer (2010).jpg

Historia2 - Emilian Kavalski - India and Central Asia, The Mythmak...ng and International Relations of a Rising Power 2010.jpg

India’s role in global politics draws increasing attention from the international community. Unprecedented economic growth in the recent past, rising fundamentalism in national politics and the knife-edge of nuclear-fuelled tension with an unstable Islamic government in Pakistan are all bound up in Indian claims to geopolitical ascendance. At the same time, Central Asia has re-emerged as a site of international contestation or a "new Great Game," with Russia, China and the US vying over security and energy interests in a politically unstable region. In this fresh and penetrating analysis of India’s foreign policy, particularly on Central Asia, Emilian Kavalski illuminates India’s international ambitions and capabilities, and its complex dynamics with great powers USA, China and Russia. India and Central Asia provides a timely and much-needed assessment of the foreign policy of a rising power.

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F. M. L. Thompson - The Cambridge Social Histor y of Britain, 1750-1950, vol. 2, People and their environment (1990).jpg

Historia2 - F. M. L. Thompson - The Cambridge Social History of... 1750-1950, vol. 2, People and their environment 1990.jpg

Volume Two explores the questions of social structure, social mobility and class relations. Family and household, the social implications of demographic change, jobs, working and housing conditions, and family relations were all crucial elements in the shaping of group consciousness; these form the main themes of this volume. With chapters on nutrition, patterns of food and drink consumption and leisure activities, a comprehensive overview is built up on the way the social order has been changed.

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Matthew S. Seligmann - Spies in Uniform, British M ilitary and Naval Intelligence on the Eve of the F irst World War (2006).jpg

Historia2 - Matthew S. Seligmann - Spies in Uniform, British Milit...al Intelligence on the Eve of the First World War 2006.jpg

Why did the British government declare war on Germany in August 1914? Was it because Germany posed a threat to British national security? Today many prominent historians would argue that this was not the case and that a million British citizens died needlessly for a misguided cause.

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Henrik Lagerlund - Encyclopedia of Medieval Philos ophy, Philosophy between 500 and 1500 (2010).jpg

Research on medieval philosophy has advanced greatly in the last thirty years, but there has not been a comprehensive encyclopedia summarizing the current research available. This two-volume reference work fills that void.

The Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy covers all areas of philosophy in the Middle Ages and part of the Renaissance, ranging from 500 to 1500 CE. It contains general entries on medieval philosophers and medieval philosophies and on the key terms and concepts in the subject area, but it also provides more in-depth details and analyses of particular theories. Furthermore, in order to gain an insight into the social and cultural context of the material, entries are included on the teaching of philosophy, the career of philosophers, and the place of philosophy within the universities.

Complete with cross-references between key words and related essays to enable efficient searches, this Encyclopedia is exhaustive, unprecedented, and user-friendly. It is indispensable for scholars of medieval philosophy and of the history of ideas, and it is also useful for anyone interested in medieval ideas and thought.

About the Author
Henrik Lagerlund is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Western Ontario. He has published dozens of articles and reviews and has written the book Modal Syllogistics in the Middle Ages. He was the editor of Mental Representation and Objects of Thought in Medieval Philosophy, and he was co-editor of two other books: Emotions and Choice from Boethius to Descartes; and Forming the Mind: The Mind/Body Problem(s) in Late Medieval and Early Modern Thought, which was published by Springer in 2006.

The Section Editors of the Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy are:
Professor Cristina D’Ancona, University of Pisa, Italy
Professor Katerina Ierodiakonou, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Professor Bonnie Kent, UC Irvine, USA
Professor Peter King, University of Toronto, Canada
Professor Simo Knuuttila, University of Helsinki, Finland
Professor Jill Kraye, Warburg Institute, University of London, United Kingdom
Professor Alain de Libera, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Professor Alfonso Maierù, University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Italy
Professor John Marenbon, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Professor Emeritus A. S. McGrade, University of Connecticut, USA
Professor Dominik Perler, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
Professor Tamar Rudavsky, Ohio State University, USA
Professor Hans Thijssen, Radbout Universiteit Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Professor Rega Wood, Stanford University, USA

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11,2 MB
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Henrik Lagerlund - Encyclopedia of Medieval Philos ophy, Philosophy between 500 and 1500 (2010).pdf

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John Plowright - The Routledge Dictionary of Moder n British History (2006).jpg

The Routledge Dictionary of Modern British History is an essential guide to the last two centuries of British history, which have witnessed democratization, international decline, devolution, the rise of the welfare state, and New Labour challenging the Conservatives as the natural party of government. This book includes:
* every Prime Minister from Pitt the Younger to Tony Blair
* protest movements from Chartism to CND
* military conflict from the French Revolutionary Wars to Iraq
* and milestones from the Act of Union to the Northern Ireland peace process

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2,2 MB
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John Plowright - The Routledge Dictionary of Moder n British History (2006).pdf

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Joyce Salisbury - The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Gl obal Medieval Life and Culture (2008).jpg

The period we know as the Middle Ages, roughly the years 400-1400, saw the formation of ideas and institutions that mark modern societies. Developments as disparate as the foundation of Islam and the emergence of the middle class occurred during this pivotal millennium. Although historical study of the Middle Ages has traditionally focused on Western Europe, modern historians recognize the complex global nature of this era. For all major world regions, this three-volume work offers in-depth essays on broad themes, short entries on specific topics, and carefully selected primary documents to help readers more fully understand this critically important period.

Edited by Joyce Salisbury, who is general editor of the award-winning Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life, and written by Professor Salisbury and a series of prominent historians with regional expertise, Greenwood Encyclopedia of Global Medieval Life and Culture comprises three volumes covering the following areas of the globe:

Volume 1:Europe and the Americas

Volume 2: Islam and Africa

Volume 3: Asia and Oceania

Each regional section comprises seven in-depth essays covering the following broad topics and concluding with bibliographies of important and current information resources: Historical Overview of the Region, Religion, Economy, The Arts, Society, Science and Technology, and Global Ties. The Global Ties essays will trace any political, social, economic, religious, technological, or commercial connections that existed between the region under discussion and any other world regions during the Middle Ages. Each regional section will also include a series of brief entries covering peopel, events, developments, and concepts mentioned in the in-depth essays.

Examples of entry topics include the following: Berbers, Emperor Harsha, Ethiopian Christianity, Flowery Warfare, Footbinding, Hildegard of Bingen, Jainism, Jihad, Maya Collapse, Neo-Confucianism, Romanesque, and Sharia.

A series of sidebars in each section will provide lists, graphs, charts, and other useful data relating to the region. Each section will also be illustrated and will include a selection of interesting primary documents that further illustrate the main themes addressed in the in-depth essays. Cross-references within the sections and a detailed subject index will also help readers access information in the essays and short entries.

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11,5 MB
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Joyce Salisbury - The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Gl obal Medieval Life and Culture (2008).pdf

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183 KB
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Trevor Lloyd - Empire, A History of the British Em pire (2001).jpg

For almost two hundred years, Britain dominated the world, its naval supremacy enabling it to acquire a vast empire, including India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and much of Africa. Although, it could not prevent its American colonies from becoming independent, its industrial and commercial power helped it to keep its scattered possessions under control, while a small army was sufficient to put down native rebellions in the absence of the involvement of other European states. A dwindling economy, and the cost of two world wars, saw this once-mighty empire crumble, giving in the process independence to nearly all of its dominions in the years after 1945. "Empire" is a succinct and highly readable account of this extraordinary rise and fall.

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