"The State" is the most powerful of political ideas but where does it come from? This broad-ranging new study traces the history of the word and the concept back to the systems of law and justice created by medieval kings and shows how legal institutions acquired political force.

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Alan Harding - Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State (2001).pdf

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Christopher Gravett - Medieval Siege Warfare (2000 ).jpg

During the Middle Ages siege warfare played a vital role in military strategy. Sieges were far more numerous than pitched battles, ranging from small-scale affairs against palisaded earthworks to full-scale assaults on vast strongholds. Needless to say, the art of siege warfare assumed a unique importance to both invader and defender alike. In this title Christopher Gravett explores the different aspects of medieval siege warfare, from chivalrous formalities to 'surprise and treachery', in a text backed by numerous illustrations including 12 full page colour plates by Richard and Christa Hook.

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H. A. Guerber - Legends of the Middle Ages (2004).jpg

The most ancient relic of literature of the spoken languages of modern Europe is undoubtedly the epic poem "Beowulf" which is supposed to have been composed by the Anglo-Saxons previous to their invasion of England. Although the poem probably belongs to the fifth century the only existing manuscript is said to date from the ninth or tenth century.

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H. A. Guerber - Legends of the Middle Ages (2004).pdf

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Jim Bradbury - The Medieval Archer (1985).jpg

It is a delight to read a book which recognises the importance of warfare in medieval times...also...discusses the changing role of the archer in medieval society. SIR STEVEN RUNCIMANThis book traces the history of the archer in the medieval period, from the Norman Conquest to the Wars of the Roses. From a close study of early evidence, Mr Bradbury shows that the archer's role before the time of Edward I was an important but rarely documented one, and that his new prominence in the fourteenth century was the result of changes in development of military tactics rather than the introduction of the famous `longbow'. A second thread of the book examines the archer's role in society, with particular reference to that most famous of all archers, Robin Hood. The final chapters look at the archer in the early fifteenth century and then chronicle the rise of the handgun as the major infantry weapon at the bow's expense. JIM BRADBURY writes and lectures on battles and warfare in England and France in the middle ages.

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38,9 MB
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Jim Bradbury - The Medieval Archer (1985).pdf

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Paul Zanker - The Mask of Socrates; The Image of t he Intellectual in Antiquity (1996).jpg

Paul Zanker has put together a fascinating comparative study of the history of the visual image of the intellectual in Greco-Roman Antiquity. His focus is on the image of intellectuals as a class within a particular society and the changes in those images that distinguish how the intellectual and his or her role is perceived and defined from one era to another.

Zanker constructs his history of the image of the intellectual in six parts. In chapter 2, "The Intellectual as Good Citizen," he contends that in fourth-century Athens there was no such thing as the image of the intellectual as such. Rather, what we have are portraits of individual intellectuals that depict them as good Athenian citizens, perhaps as exemplary embodiments of civic virtues, but nothing more (p. 77).

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7,0 MB
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Paul Zanker - The Mask of Socrates; The Image of t he Intellectual in Antiquity (1996).pdf

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Robert J. Bast - The Reformation of Faith in the C ontext of Late Medieval Theology and Piety; Essays by Berndt Hamm (2004).jpg

Historia2 - Robert J. Bast - The Reformation of Faith in the Conte...Medieval Theology and Piety Essays by Berndt Hamm 2004.jpg

This work comprises the first major collection of articles in English translation by University of Erlangen Professor Dr. Berndt Hamm, one of the most important scholars of the intellectual history of late-medieval and Reformation Germany.

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1,6 MB
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Robert J. Bast - The Reformation of Faith in the C ontext of Late Medieval Theology and Piety; Essays by Berndt Hamm (2004).pdf

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Simo Knuuttila - Emotions in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy (2004).jpg

Emotions are the focus of intense debate both in contemporary philosophy and psychology and increasingly also in the history of ideas. Simo Knuuttila's book is the first comprehensive survey of philosophical theories of emotions from Plato to Renaissance times, combining careful historical reconstruction with rigorous philosophical analysis. Philosophers, classicists, historians of philosophy, historians of psychology, and anyone interested in emotion will find much to stimulate them in this fascinating book.

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William CHester Jordan - The Middle Ages Vol. 1; A n Encyclopedia for Students (1996).jpg

Professional interest in the Middle Ages conventionally the years 500 to 1500 has grown tremendously in the last half-century. While continuing to stress traditional themes of the importance of the Middle Ages both as a bridge between ancient and modern civilizations and for its special significance in the history of the West, recent writers have expanded beyond the traditional focus of scholarly interest on northern and western Europe.

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William Harmless - Mystics (2008).jpg

Mystics are path-breaking religious practitioners who claim to have experience the infinite, word-defying Mystery that is God. Many have been gifted writers with an uncanny ability to communicate the great realities of life with both a theologian's precision and a poet's lyricism. They use words to jolt us into recognizing ineffable mysteries surging beneath the surface of our lives and within the depths of our hearts and, by their artistry, can awaken us to see and savor fugitive glimpses of a God-drenched world.

In Mystics, William Harmless, S.J., introduces readers to the scholarly study of mysticism. He explores both mystics' extraordinary lives and their no-less-extraordinary writings using a unique case-study method centered on detailed examinations of six major Christian mystics: Thomas Merton, Bernard of Clairvaux, Hildegard of Bingen, Bonaventure, Meister Eckhart, and Evagrius Ponticus. Rather than presenting mysticism as a subtle web of psychological or theological abstractions, Harmless's case-study approach brings things down to earth, restoring mystics to their historical context.

Harmless highlights the pungent diversity of mystical experiences and mystical theologies. Stepping beyond Christianity, he also explores mystical elements within Islam and Buddhism, offering a chapter on the popular Sufi poet Rumi and one on the famous Japanese Zen master Dogen. Harmless concludes with an overview of the century-long scholarly conversation on mysticism and offers a unique, multifaceted optic for understanding mystics, their communities, and their writings. Geared toward a wide audience, Mystics balances state-of-the-art scholarship with accessible, lucid prose.

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Rolf Schulte - Man As Witch; Male Witches in Centr al Europe (2009).jpg

Witch-hunts were by no means focused only on women -- one in four alleged witches in Central Europe was male. This study traces the witch trials of men in French and German speaking regions in Central Europe, opening up a little known chapter of early modern times. The author analyzes the proportion of accused men in the witch-hunts, describes their trials and explores the conflicts from which witch-hunts involving men evolved.

Review
"This valuable book delineates the politics and practices of the Holy Roman Empire; illuminates some of the thought processes of the Protestant Reformation, particularly of the followers of Calvin and Zwingli; and provides glimpses into the lives of ordinary Europeans who found themselves in a maelstrom of superstition and intolerance. A valuable resource for those interested in not only witchcraft but also European history and theological education."

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Jennifer Summit - Memory's Library; Medieval Books in Early Modern England (2008).jpg

In Jennifer Summit’s account, libraries are more than inert storehouses of written tradition; they are volatile spaces that actively shape the meanings and uses of books, reading, and the past. Considering the two-hundred-year period between 1431, which saw the foundation of Duke Humfrey’s famous library, and 1631, when the great antiquarian Sir Robert Cotton died, Memory’s Library revises the history of the modern library by focusing on its origins in medieval and early modern England.

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Lynda Pratt - Robert Southey And the Contexts of E nglish Romanticism (2006).jpg

Lynda Pratt's collection of specially commissioned essays is the first edited volume devoted to the multiple connections between Robert Southey (1774-1843) and English Romantic culture. A major and highly controversial personage in his own day, Southey has until recently been the forgotten member of the Lake School. Demonstrating the eclecticism of Southey's writing and the diversity of his interactions with his contemporaries, the contributors map the intersections of Southey's life and work with English culture, politics, and history, and explore his significance for the construction of Romantic and early Victorian ideologies of empire. Taken together, the essays demonstrate that Southey's significance lies not only in his own writings but in his unique ability to complicate and reconfigure traditional versions of English Romanticism and national literary history. This timely and important volume takes Southey scholarship in new directions and furthers ongoing debates about English Romanticism. As such, it is an essential resource for literary studies scholars, historians, and social scientists working on nineteenth-century literature and culture.

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5,3 MB
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Lynda Pratt - Robert Southey And the Contexts of E nglish Romanticism (2006).pdf

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Tim McHugh - Hospital politics in seventeenth-cent ury France; The crown, urban elites, and the poor (2007).jpg

This book explores poor relief and charitable health care in French cities during the seventeenth century, a period that witnessed much reform and change in the way these services were administered. By reintegrating the social aspirations of urban elites into the history of French poor relief, it shows how they initiated reform in towns and cities when it suited them, but where such reforms were not perceived as needed, or not affordable, they ignored central government edicts to build new institutions. In other words, reforms of poor relief and health welfare were local and shaped by local experiences, not as part of the crown's drive towards centralization.The seventeenth century witnessed profound reforms in the way French cities administered poor relief and charitable health care. New hospitals were built to confine the able bodied and existing hospitals sheltering the sick poor contracted new medical staff and shifted their focus towards offering more medical services. Whilst these moves have often been regarded as a coherent state led policy, recent scholarship has begun to question this assumption, and pick-up on more localised concerns, and resistance to centrally imposed policies. This book engages with these concerns, to investigate the links between charitable health care, poor relief, religion, national politics and urban social order in seventeenth-century France. In so doing it revises our understanding of the roles played in these issues by the crown and social elites, arguing that central government's social policy was conservative and largely reactive to pressure from local elites. It suggests that Louis XIV's policy regarding the reform of poor relief and the creation of General Hospitals in each town and city, as enshrined in the edict of 1662, was largely driven by the religious concerns of the kingdom's devout and the financial fears of the Parisian elites that their city hospitals were overburdened. Only after the Sun King's reign did central government begin to take a proactive role in administering poor relief and health care, utilizing urban charitable institutions to further its own political goals.By reintegrating the social aspirations of urban elites into the history of French poor relief, this book shows how the key role they played in the reform of hospitals, inspired by a mix of religious, economic and social motivations. It concludes that the state could be a reluctant participant in reform, until pressured into action by assisting elite groups pursuing their own goals.

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Jodi Campbell - Monarchy, Political Culture And Dr ama in Seventeenth-century Madrid; Theater of Nego tiation (2006).jpg

Historia2 - Jodi Campbell - Monarchy, Political Culture And Drama ...Seventeenth-century Madrid Theater of Negotiation 2006.jpg

In early modern Spain, theater reached the height of its popularity during the same decades in which Spanish monarchs were striving to consolidate their power. Jodi Campbell uses the dramatic production of seventeenth-century Madrid to understand how ordinary Spaniards perceived the political developments of this period. Through a study of thirty-three plays by four of the most popular playwrights of Madrid (Pedro Caldern de la Barca, Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla, Juan de Matos Fragoso, and Juan Bautista Diamante), Campbell analyzes portrayals of kingship during what is traditionally considered to be the age of absolutism and highlights the differences between the image of kingship cultivated by the monarchy and that presented on Spanish stages. A surprising number of plays performed and published in Madrid in the seventeenth century, Campbell shows, featured themes about kingship: debates over the qualities that make a good king, tests of a king's abilities, and stories about the conflicts that could arise between the personal interests of a king and the best interest of his subjects. Rather than supporting the absolutist and centralizing policies of the monarchy, popular theater is shown here to favor the idea of reciprocal obligations between subjects and monarch. This study contributes new evidence to the trend of recent scholarship that revises our views of early modern Spanish absolutism, arguing for the significance of the perspectives of ordinary people to the realm of politics.

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Jodi Campbell - Monarchy, Political Culture And Dr ama in Seventeenth-century Madrid; Theater of Nego tiation (2006).pdf

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Stewart Lee Allen - In the Devil's Garden; A Sinfu l History of Forbidden Food (2003).jpg

Lust, gluttony, pride, sloth, greed, blasphemy, and anger--the seven deadly sins have all been linked to food. Matching the food to the sin, Stewart Lee Allen's In the Devil's Garden: A Sinful History of Forbidden Foods offers a high-spirited look at the way foods over time have been forbidden, even criminalized, for their "evil" effects. Food has often been, shockingly, morally weighted, from the tomato, originally called the love apple and thought to excite lust; to the potato, whose popularity in Ireland led British Protestants to associate it with sloth; to foods like corn or bread whose use was once believed to delineate "lowness," thus inflaming class pride. Allen's approach to this incredible history also includes tales of personal journeys to, for example, a Mount Athos monastery, where a monk reveals the sign of Satan in an apple, and to San Francisco to investigate dog eating. If his history is sometimes too glancing and facetious, even beyond the sensible need to entertain, it is always fascinating.
The book also features "forbidden" menus--such as the one devoted to gluttony that includes an entire steer stuffed with a whole lamb, stuffed with a pig, stuffed with a chicken, and served with sausages--and quite doable and delicious recipes, such as a dynamite hot and sweet banana ketchup and Lo Han Jai, a mushroom-replete vegetarian feast. But the real focus is on the human response to a primal pleasure--eating--and the way people have sought to control it, in every society and every culture, through prohibition. It's quite a tale.

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Stewart Lee Allen - In the Devil's Garden; A Sinfu l History of Forbidden Food (2003).pdf

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Marine Nationale - LA GRANDIERE 1939 (1939).jpeg

La Grandière was an Bougainville-class aviso of the French Navy launched on 22 June 1939. The ship was designed to operate from French colonies in Asia and Africa. She was broken up in 1959.

Name: La Grandière
Launched: 22 June 1939
Fate: Broken up 1959

Class and type: Bougainville-class aviso
Displacement: 1,970 tonnes
Length: 103.7 metres
Beam: 12.7 metres
Draft: 4.5 metres
Propulsion: 2 Diesel engines 3,200
Speed: 17 knots
Armament: 3 x 138mm guns model 1927 (single mountings)
4x37mm AA guns (single mountings)
6x13.2 mm machine guns
capable of carrying 50 mines

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11,6 MB
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Marine Nationale - LA GRANDIERE 1939 (1939).djvu

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Kathryn Ledbetter - Tennyson and Victorian periodi cals; Commodities in context (2007).jpg

This is the first book-length study of Tennyson's record of publication in Victorian periodicals. Despite Tennyson's supposed hostility to periodicals, Ledbetter shows that he made a career-long habit of contributing to them and in the process revealed not only his willingness to promote his career but also his status as a highly valued commodity. Tennyson published more than sixty poems in serial publications, from his debut as a Cambridge prize-winning poet with Timbuctoo in the Cambridge Chronicle and Journal to his last public composition as Poet Laureate with The Death of the Duke of Clarence and Avondale in The Nineteenth Century. In addition, poems such as The Charge of the Light Brigade were shaped by his reading of newspapers. Ledbetter explores the ironies and tensions created by Tennyson's attitudes toward publishing in Victorian periodicals and the undeniable benefits to his career. She situates the poet in an interdependent commodity relationship with periodicals, viewing his individual poems as textual modules embedded in a page of meaning inscribed by the periodical's history, the poet's relationship with the periodical's readers, an image sharing the page whether or not related to the poem, and cultural contexts that create new meanings for Tennyson's work. Her book enriches not only our understanding of Tennyson's relationship to periodical culture but the textual implications of a poem's relationship with other texts on a periodical page and the meanings available to specific groups of readers targeted by individual periodicals.

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Kathryn Ledbetter - Tennyson and Victorian periodi cals; Commodities in context (2007).pdf

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Francis Leroy - A Century of Nobel Prize Recipient s; Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine (2003).jpg

Grade 9 Up--This eye-catching resource profiles no fewer than 450 scientists. The volume is arranged first by discipline, then by date, covering laureates from 1901 to 2001. The introduction to each section describes 20th-century advances, such as the synthesis of such compounds as ammonia, fertilizers, and plastics, and recent research in molecular, supra molecular, and materials chemistry. Individual entries include a portrait, birthdate and place, description and fruition of the research, and career development. Entry style varies slightly in the separately authored sections--physics essays contain quotes and hobbies, chemistry and medicine essays include fathers' occupations. Essays on notable laureates such as Enrico Fermi, Thomas Hunt Morgan, and Linus Pauling are longer than those on lesser-known people.

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Francis Leroy - A Century of Nobel Prize Recipient s; Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine (2003).pdf

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