This is the first comprehensive history and economic analysis of the Fertile Crescent during the 19th century, a region currently encompassing Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and a small part of Turkey. Presenting 155 carefully selected documents--the majority drawn from British and French archives and here published for the first time, the balance translated from Arabic, French, German, Russian, Hebrew, Italian, and Turkish sources--Issawi provides an in-depth treatment of the economic life of the region, with chapters on social life and organization, trade, transport, agriculture, industry, and public and private finance. Including extensive cross-references that pinpoint the connections between the subjects discussed, the book is an invaluable resource on a historically rich and dynamic region.

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Charles Issawi - The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914; A Documentary Economic History (1988).pdf

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Sean Martin -The Cathars; The Most Successful Here sy of the Middle Ages (2004).jpg

Without lifting a sword, the Cathars posed a threat to Catholicism greater than the Muslims or Jews—or so the Church believed. The Cathars believed that matter was essentially evil—especially the human body—and that the material world had to be transcended through a simple life of prayer, work, fasting, and nonviolence. Though they radically departed from certain traditional Christian beliefs, the Cathars still believed themselves to be the heirs of the true heritage of Christianity. They completely rejected the Catholic Church and all its opulent trappings, regarding it as the Church of Satan; Cathar services and ceremonies, by contrast, were held in fields, barns, and people's homes.
The Cathars found widespread popularity among peasants and artisans. They respected women, who played a major role in the movement. Alarmed at the success of Catharism, the Church began the Inquisition and launched the Albigensian Crusade to exterminate the heresy. The Albigensian Crusade was the first Crusade to be directed against fellow Christians and was also the first European genocide. Today, the mystique surrounding the Cathars is as strong as ever. Their myths and complete history are examined here in The Cathars—the compelling true story of this once peaceful religious sect.

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Sean Martin -The Cathars; The Most Successful Here sy of the Middle Ages (2004).pdf

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Hal Gladfelder - Criminality and Narrative in Eigh teenth-Century England; Beyond the Law (2001).jpg

Stories of transgression--Gilgamesh, Prometheus, Oedipus, Eve -- may be integral to every culture's narrative imaginings of its own origins, but such stories assumed different meanings with the burgeoning interest in modern histories of crime and punishment in the later decades of the seventeenth century. In Criminality and Narrative in Eighteenth-Century England, Hal Gladfelder shows how the trial report, providence book, criminal biography, and gallows speech came into new commercial prominence and brought into focus what was most disturbing, and most exciting, about contemporary experience. These narratives of violence, theft, disruptive sexuality, and rebellion compelled their readers to sort through fragmentary or contested evidence, anticipating the openness to discordant meanings and discrepant points of view which characterizes the later fictions of Defoe and Fielding.
Beginning with the various genres of crime narrative, Gladfelder maps a complex network of discourses that collectively embodied the range of responses to the transgressive at the turn of the eighteenth century. In the book's second and third parts, he demonstrates how the discourses of criminality became enmeshed with emerging novelistic conceptions of character and narrative form. With special attention to Colonel Jack, Moll Flanders, and Roxana, Gladfelder argues that Defoe's narratives concentrate on the forces that shape identity, especially under conditions of outlawry, social dislocation, and urban poverty. He next considers Fielding's double career as author and magistrate, analyzing the interaction between his fiction and such texts as the aggressively polemical Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase in Robbers and his eyewitness accounts of the sensational Canning and Penlez cases. Finally, Gladfelder turns to Godwin's Caleb Williams, Wollstonecraft's Maria, and Inchbald's Nature and Art to reveal the degree to which criminal narrative, by the end of the eighteenth century, had become a necessary vehicle for articulating fundamental cultural anxieties and longings. Crime narratives, he argues, vividly embody the struggles of individuals to define their place in the suddenly unfamiliar world of modernity.

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Anne Borsay, Peter Shapely - Medicine, charity and mutual aid; The consumption of health and welfare in Britain, c.1550-1950 (2007).jpg

Historia2 - Anne Borsay, Peter Shapely - Medicine, charity and mut...on of health and welfare in Britain, c.1550-1950 2007.jpg

This book focuses on the recipients of charity, rather than the donors or institutions. By doing so, it tackles searching questions of social control and cohesion, and the relationship between providers and recipients in a new and revealing manner. It is shown how these issues changed over the course of the nineteenth century, as the frontier between state and the voluntary sector shifted away from charity towards greater reliance on public finance, workers' contributions and mutual aid. In turn, these new sources of assistance enriched civil society, encouraging democratization, empowerment and social inclusion for previously marginalized members of the community. The history of the voluntary sector in British towns and cities has received increasing scholarly attention in recent years. Nevertheless, whilst there have been a number of valuable contributions looking at issues such as charity as a key welfare provider, charity and medicine, and charity and power in the community, there has been no book length exploration of the role and position of the recipient. The book opens with an introduction that locates medicine, charity and mutual aid within their broad historiographical and urban contexts. Twelve archive-based, inter-related chapters follow. Their main chronological focus is the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which witnessed such momentous changes in the attitudes to, and allocation of, charity and poor relief. However, individual chapters on the early modern period, the eighteenth century and the aftermath of the Second World War provide illuminating context and help ensure that the volume provides a systematic overview of the subject that will be of interest to social, urban, and medical historians.

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Anne Borsay, Peter Shapely - Medicine, charity and mutual aid; The consumption of health and welfare in Britain, c.1550-1950 (2007).pdf

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Hans Mommsen - Alternatives to Hitler (2003).jpg

German resistance to Hitler is a central element of the history of Nazism. In this text, contemporary historian Hans Mommsen reveals the diversity of the political aims held by these "other Germans". He analyses the ideologies of the assassination plot of 20th July 1944, as well as those of the Kreisau Circle and the conservative, socialist, church and military oppositions. These resistance groups all endeavoured to find a viable alternative to Hitler and to achieve a moral renewal of politics and society - although many of them rejected democracy and had a sometimes ambivalent attitude towards the persecution of the Jews.

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Hans Mommsen - Alternatives to Hitler (2003).pdf

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M. Anne Overell - Italian reform and English Refor mations, c.1535-c.1585 (2008).jpg

This is the first full-scale study of interactions between Italy's religious reform and English reformations, which were notoriously liable to pick up other people's ideas. The book is of fundamental importance for those whose work includes revisionist themes of ambiguity, opportunism and interdependence in sixteenth-century religious change." "Anne Overell adopts an inclusive approach, retaining within the group of Italian reformers those spirituali who left the church and those who remained within it, and exploring commitment to reform, whether 'humanist', 'protestant' or 'catholic'." "The book also casts new light on our understanding of Marian reformation, led by Cardinal Reginald Pole, English by birth but once prominent among Italy's spirituali. Exploring a nexus of contacts in England and in Italy, Anne Overell presents an intriguing connection, sealed by the sufferings of exile and always tempered by political constraints. Here, for the first time, Italian reform is shown as an enduring part of the Elect Nation's literature and myth.

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M. Anne Overell - Italian reform and English Refor mations, c.1535-c.1585 (2008).pdf

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Thomas M. Buoye - Manslaughter, Markets, and Moral Economy; Violent Disputes over Property Rights in Eighteenth-Century China (2000).jpg

Historia2 - Thomas M. Buoye - Manslaughter, Markets, and Moral Eco... over Property Rights in Eighteenth-Century China 2000.jpg

Thomas Buoye examines the impact of large-scale economic change on social conflict in eighteenth-century China. He draws on a large number of documented cases of violent property disputes to recreate the social tensions fostered by the development of property rights, an unprecedented growing population, and the increasing strain on land and resources. This book challenges the "markets" and "moral economy" theories of economic behavior. Applying the theories of Douglass North for the first time to this subject, Buoye uses an institutional framework to understand seemingly irrational economic choices.

• An in-depth study of social conflict and economic change in eighteenth-century China • Based on a large body of primary sources (homicide reports) which has been little exploited in the past • Re-examines two paradigms for understanding economic change in preindustrial society, utilizing for the first time the theory of Douglass North in the study of Chinese economic history
Contents

List of maps, figures, and tables; List of Qing dynasty emperors' reign dates; List of weights and measures; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1. Economic change, social conflict, and property rights; 2. 'Population increases daily': economic change during the eighteenth century; 3. 'As before each manage their own property': boundary and water-rights disputes; 4. 'Crafty and obdurate tenants': redemption, rent defaults, and evictions; 5. Temporal and geographic distributions of property-rights disputes in Guangdong; 6. Violence north, west, and south: property-rights disputes in Shandong, Sichuan, and Guangdong; 7. 'You will be rich but not benevolent': changing concepts of legitimacy and violent disputes; 8. Conclusion; Appendix; Bibliography; Index.
Review

‘This carefully researched and well-crafted book illuminates struggles over land and water in eighteenth-century Guangdong, as well as the nature of the legal process in the high Qing period.’ Journal of Asian Studies

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Thomas M. Buoye - Manslaughter, Markets, and Moral Economy; Violent Disputes over Property Rights in Eighteenth-Century China (2000).pdf

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Cora Fox - Ovid and the Politics of Emotion in Eli zabethan England (2009).jpg

Elizabethan English culture is saturated with tales and figures from Ovid’s Metamorphoses. While most of these narratives interrogate metamorphosis and transformation, many tales—such as those of Philomela, Hecuba, or Orpheus—also highlight heightened states of emotion, especially in powerless or seemingly powerless characters. When these tales are translated and retold in the new cultural context of Renaissance England, a distinct politics of Ovidian emotion emerges. Through intertextual readings in diverse cultural contexts, Ovid and the Politics of Emotion in Elizabethan England reveals the ways these representations helped redefine emotions and the political efficacy of emotional expression in sixteenth-century England.

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Cora Fox - Ovid and the Politics of Emotion in Eli zabethan England (2009).pdf

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Henry Petroski - The Evolution of Useful Things; H ow Everyday Artifacts-From Forks and Pins to Paper Clips and Zippers-Came to be as They are (1994).jpg

Historia2 - Henry Petroski - The Evolution of Useful Things How Ev...to Paper Clips and Zippers-Came to be as They are 1994.jpg

This surprising book may appear to be about the simple things of life--forks, paper clips, zippers--but in fact it is a far-flung historical adventure on the evolution of common culture. To trace the fork's history, Duke University professor of civil engineering Henry Petroski travels from prehistoric times to Texas barbecue to Cardinal Richelieu to England's Industrial Revolution to the American Civil War--and beyond. Each item described offers a cultural history lesson, plus there's plenty of engineering detail for those so inclined.

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John Inglis - Medieval Philosophy and the Classica l Tradition; In Islam, Judaism and Christianity (2 002).jpg

An initial chapter on the history of Islamic philosophy sets the stage for sixteen articles on issues across the three traditions. The goal is to see the Islamic tradition in its own richness and complexity as the context of most Jewish intellectual work.

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John Inglis - Medieval Philosophy and the Classica l Tradition; In Islam, Judaism and Christianity (2 002).pdf

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Richard G. Olson - Technology and Science in Ancie nt Civilizations (2009).jpg

Why did the Greeks excel in geometry, but lag begin the Mesopotamians in arithmetic? How were the great pyramids of Egypt and the Han tombs in China constructed? What did the complex system of canals and dykes in the Tigris and Euphrates river valley have to do with the deforestation of Lebanon's famed cedar forests? This work presents a cross-cultural comparison of the ways in which the ancients learned about and preserved their knowledge of the natural world, and the ways in which they developed technologies that enabled them to adapt to and shape their surroundings. Covering the major ancient civilizations - those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, Greece, the Indus Valley, and Meso-America - Olson explores how language and numbering systems influenced the social structure, how seemingly beneficial construction projects affected a civilization's rise or decline, how religion and magic shaped both medicine and agriculture, and how trade and the resulting cultural interactions transformed the making of both everyday household items and items intended as art. Along the way, Olson delves into how scientific knowledge and its technological applications changed the daily lives of the ancients.

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Richard G. Olson - Technology and Science in Ancie nt Civilizations (2009).pdf

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Rory Clements - Martyr; A Novel of Tudor Intrigue (2009).jpg

In this ingenious debut, Rory Clements introduces John Shakespeare, Elizabethan England’s most remarkable investigator, and delivers a tale of murder and conspiracy that succeeds brilliantly as both historical fiction and a crime thriller.In a burnt-out house, one of Queen Elizabeth’s aristocratic cousins is found murdered, her young flesh marked with profane symbols. At the same time, a plot to assassinate Sir Francis Drake, England’s most famous sea warrior, is discovered—a plot which, if successful, could leave the country utterly defenseless against a Spanish invasion. It’s 1587, the Queen’s reign is in jeopardy, and one man is charged with the desperate task of solving both cases: John Shakespeare. With the Spanish Armada poised to strike, Mary Queen of Scots awaiting execution, and the pikes above London Bridge decorated with the grim evidence of treachery, the country is in peril of being overwhelmed by fear and chaos. Following a trail of illicit passions and family secrets, Shakespeare travels through an underworld of spies, sorcerers, whores, and theater people, among whom is his own younger brother, the struggling playwright, Will. Shadowed by his rival, the Queen’s chief torturer, who employs his own methods of terror, Shakespeare begins to piece together a complex and breathtaking conspiracy whose implications are almost too horrific to contemplate. For a zealous and cunning killer is stalking England’s streets. And as Shakespeare threatens to reveal a madman’s shocking identity, he and the beautiful woman he desires come ever closer to becoming the next martyrs to a passion for murder and conspiracy whose terrifying consequences might still be felt today...

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Gary Ralston - Rangers 1872; The Gallant Pioneers (2009).jpg

Rangers are one of the most famous teams in world football, but what became of the teenagers who formed the club? In the spring of 1872 four young men gathered in a park in the west end of Glasgow and decided to establish a side that would do justice to the new craze of association football. William McBeath and Peter Campbell were just 15 years old, Moses McNeil was 16 and his brother Peter was the oldest at 17. Soon they were joined by Tom Vallance, another 16-year-old, who quickly became skipper of the fledgling club. None of those gallant pioneers was a native of Glasgow and yet within five years they were Scottish Cup finalists, were set up in their spiritual home on the south side of the burgeoning industrial city and attracting a working-class audience they have never lost. Rangers may have scaled great heights since those early days but, sadly, the personal lives of almost all the founding fathers were touched by terrible tragedy. Journalist Gary Ralston has used fresh research and hitherto unseen documents, records and transcripts to sympathetically recount the heartbreaking stories behind the men who created a great club. He reveals the tales of death through insanity, a drowning that denied a birthright as a steamship entrepreneur and the sad passing of a pioneer who lies buried in a pauper's grave on the fringes of an English cemetery, cast as a certified imbecile, tried as a fraudster and left to live out his life in the poorhouse. This fascinating insight into the earliest years of Rangers - the first in-depth analysis for almost a century - outlines the weight of evidence that suggests the club was formed in 1872, not 1873 as many fans believe. It also tells of happier times, the links with royalty and football aristocracy and the club's relationship with the city in which it was born in the tumultuous Victorian era. It recalls the memorable matches and political intrigues and examines the personalities who have helped to shape one of the most successful clubs in the game. It also traces the only two known surviving grandchildren of the founders in the 21st century and reveals how they knew nothing about their grandfather's most famous achievement. "Rangers 1872: The Gallant Pioneers" tells one of football's most romantic tales - and also one of its saddest.

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Gary Ralston - Rangers 1872; The Gallant Pioneers (2009).pdf

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Ruth Finnegan - Why Do We Quote; The Culture and H istory of Quotation (2011).jpg

Quoting is all around us. But do we really know what it means? How do people actually quote today, and how did our present systems come about? This book brings together a down-to-earth account of contemporary quoting with an examination of the comparative and historical background that lies behind it and the characteristic way that quoting links past and present, the far and the near.

Drawing from anthropology, cultural history, folklore, cultural studies, sociolinguistics, literary studies and the ethnography of speaking, Ruth Finnegan’s fascinating study sets our present conventions into cross-cultural and historical perspective. She traces the curious history of quotation marks, examines the long tradition of quotation collections with their remarkable recycling across the centuries, and explores the uses of quotation in literary, visual and oral traditions. The book tracks the changing definitions and control of quoting over the millennia and in doing so throws new light on ideas such as 'imitation', 'allusion', 'authorship', 'originality' and 'plagiarism'.

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Ruth Finnegan - Why Do We Quote; The Culture and H istory of Quotation (2011).pdf

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S. J. Marshall - The Mandate of Heaven; Hidden His tory in the I Ching (2002).jpg

The mysteries of the ancient Chinese text known as the I Ching continue to fascinate scholars and enthusiasts alike. While sinologists rely on historical criticism to explain the meaning of the work, those who use it for divination tend to accept without question the traditional account of its origin and purpose. Whereas modern scholars are generally dismissive of the book's reputed mystical significance, traditionalists often resent academic research into the oracle because it seems irreverent or iconoclastic. In The Mandate of Heaven, S. J. Marshall sets out to reconcile these opposing approaches. He plumbs the book´s numerous, hidden historical references, reading them against other sources, and discovers that the oracle has far more narrative integrity and basis in historical fact than anyone has previously appreciated. The Mandate of Heaven focuses on the story of the I Ching´s origins. The book is attributed to King Wen, who died before he could succeed in overthrowing the tyrannical Shang dynasty. His son, King Wu, eventually triumphed over the Shang and established the Zhou dynasty as the legitimate royal house. According to the tradition, these events are in some ways alluded to in the earliest layer of commentary in the I Ching, but no sound historical basis has been discovered to substantiate this claim. Consequently, since the 1930s sinologists have discounted the value of this tradition. Marshall uncovers an account of Wu's conquest in an important, previously overlooked passage that tells of a solar eclipse believed by the King to have been an omen from Heaven to immediately march against the Shang. Marshall is able to match this account with a scientifically verified solar eclipse that took place on June 20, 1070 B.C., just one of his many historical readings that show how the earliest layer of the I Ching has preserved a hidden history that has remained undetected for three millennia.

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John W. O'Malley - Four Cultures of the West (2006 ).jpg

The workings of Western intelligence in our day--whether in politics or the arts, in the humanities or the church--are as troubling as they are mysterious, leading to the questions: Where are we going? What in the world were we thinking? By exploring the history of four "cultures" so deeply embedded in Western history that we rarely see their instrumental role in politics, religion, education, and the arts, this timely book provides a broad framework for addressing these questions in a fresh way.

The cultures considered here originated in the ancient world, took on Christian forms, and manifest themselves today in more secular ways. These are, as John W. O'Malley identifies them: the prophetic culture that proclaims the need for radical change in the structures of society (represented by, for example, Jeremiah, Martin Luther, and Martin Luther King, Jr.); the academic culture that seeks instead to understand those structures (Aristotle, Aquinas, the modern university); the humanistic culture that addresses fundamental human issues and works for the common good of society (Cicero, Erasmus, and Eleanor Roosevelt); and the culture of art and performance that celebrates the mystery of the human condition (Phidias, Michelangelo, Balanchine).

By showing how these cultures, as modes of activity and discourse in which Western intelligence has manifested itself through the centuries and continues to do so, O'Malley produces an essay that especially through the history of Christianity brilliantly illuminates the larger history of the West.

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John W. O'Malley - Four Cultures of the West (2006 ).pdf

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Nancy Lagreca - Rewriting Womanhood; Feminism, Sub jectivity, and the Angel of the House in the Latin American Novel, 1887-1903 (2008).jpeg

Historia2 - Nancy Lagreca - Rewriting Womanhood Feminism, Subjecti...the House in the Latin American Novel, 1887-1903 2008.jpeg

In Rewriting Womanhood, Nancy LaGreca explores the subversive refigurings of womanhood in three novels by women writers: La hija del bandido (1887) by Refugio BarragÃ¡n de Toscano (Mexico; 1846 1916), Blanca Sol (1888) by Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera (Peru; 1845 1909), and Luz y sombra (1903) by Ana Roqué (Puerto Rico; 1853 1933). While these women were both acclaimed and critiqued in their day, they have been largely overlooked by contemporary mainstream criticism. Detailed enough for experts yet accessible to undergraduates, graduate students, and the general reader, Rewriting Womanhood provides ample historical context for understanding the key women s issues of nineteenth-century Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico; clear definitions of the psychoanalytic theories used to unearth the rewriting of the female self; and in-depth literary analyses of the feminine agency that Barragán, Cabello, and Roqué highlight in their fiction.

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Nancy Lagreca - Rewriting Womanhood; Feminism, Sub jectivity, and the Angel of the House in the Latin American Novel, 1887-1903 (2008).pdf

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wagnerka9595 napisano 8.08.2020 18:20

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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Uwaga!!! Wszystkie pliki w tym chomiku zostały zamieszczone informacyjnie. Od momentu ściągnięcia na dysk pliki należy usunąć w ciągu 24h. Wykorzystywanie ich w celach komercyjnych jest niezgodne z prawem. Autor chomika nie ponosi żadnej odpowiedzialności za niezgodne z prawem wykorzystywanie zasobów znajdujących się w tym chomiku !!!