After World War I, diplomats and leaders at the Paris Peace Talks redrew the map of Europe, carving up ancient empires and transforming Europe's eastern half into new nation-states. Drawing heavily on the past, the leaders of these young countries crafted national mythologies and deployed them at home and abroad. Domestically, myths were a tool for legitimating the new state with fractious electorates. In Great Power capitals, they were used to curry favor and to compete with the mythologies and propaganda of other insecure postwar states.
The new postwar state of Czechoslovakia forged a reputation as Europe's democratic outpost in the East, an island of enlightened tolerance amid an increasingly fascist Central and Eastern Europe. In Battle for the Castle, Andrea Orzoff traces the myth of Czechoslovakia as an ideal democracy. The architects of the myth were two academics who had fled Austria-Hungary in the Great War's early years. Tomáas Garrigue Masaryk, who became Czechoslovakia's first president, and Edvard Benes, its longtime foreign minister and later president, propagated the idea of the Czechs as a tolerant, prosperous, and cosmopolitan people, devoted to European ideals, and Czechoslovakia as a Western ally capable of containing both German aggression and Bolshevik radicalism. Deeply distrustful of Czech political parties and Parliamentary leaders, Benes and Masaryk created an informal political organization known as the Hrad or "Castle." This powerful coalition of intellectuals, journalists, businessmen, religious leaders, and Great War veterans struggled with Parliamentary leaders to set the country's political agenda and advance the myth. Abroad, the Castle wielded the national myth to claim the attention and defense of the West against its increasingly hungry neighbors. When Hitler occupied the country, the mythic Czechoslovakia gained power as its leaders went into wartime exile. Once Czechoslovakia regained its independence after 1945, the Castle myth reappeared. After the Communist coup of 1948, many Castle politicians went into exile in America, where they wrote the Castle myth of an idealized Czechoslovakia into academic and political discourse.
Battle for the Castle demonstrates how this founding myth became enshrined in Czechoslovak and European history. It powerfully articulates the centrality of propaganda and the mass media to interwar European cultural diplomacy and politics, and the tense, combative atmosphere of European international relations from the beginning of the First World War well past the end of the Second.

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Andrea Orzoff - Battle for the Castle; The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914-1948 (2009).pdf

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Fred Halliday - Britain's First Muslims; Portrait of an Arab Community (2009).jpg

Fear of the terrorist threat provoked by radical Islam has generated heated debates on multiculturalism and the integration of Muslim migrant communities in to Britain. Yet little is known about Britain’s first Muslims, the Yemenis. Yemenis began settling in British port towns at the beginning of the 20th century, and afterwards became part of the immigrant labour force in Britain’s industrial cities. Fred Halliday's ground-breaking research, based in Yemen and Britain, provides a fascinating case study for understanding the dynamics of immigrant cultures and the complexities of Muslim identity in Britain. Telling the stories of sailor communities in Cardiff and industrial workers in Sheffield, Halliday tracks the evolution of community organizations and the impact of British government policy on their development. He analyzes links between the diaspora and the homeland, and looks at how different migrant groups in Britain relate to eachother under the Muslim umbrella. In a fascinating new introduction to his classic study, Halliday explains how it can help us understand British Islam in an age which has produced both al Qaeda and the Yemeni-born boxer Prince Naseem.

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Fred Halliday - Britain's First Muslims; Portrait of an Arab Community (2009).pdf

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Donald R. Wehrs - Pre-Colonial Africa in Colonial African Narratives (2008).jpg

In his study of the origins of political reflection in twentieth-century African fiction, Donald Wehrs examines a neglected but important body of African texts written in colonial (English and French) and indigenous (Hausa and Yoruba) languages. He explores pioneering narrative representations of pre-colonial African history and society in eight texts: Casely Hayford's "Ethiopia Unbound" (1911), Alhaji Sir Abubaker Tafawa Balewa's "Shaihu Umar" (1934), Paul Hazoume's "Doguicimi" (1938), D. O. Fagunwa's "Forest of a Thousand Daemons" (1938), Amos Tutuola's "The Palm-Wine Drinkard" (1952) and "My Life in the Bush of Ghosts" (1954), and Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" (1958).Wehrs highlights the role of pre-colonial political economies and articulations of state power on colonial-era considerations of ethical and political issues, and is attentive to the gendered implications of texts and authorial choices. By positioning "Things Fall Apart" as the culmination of a tradition, rather than as its inaugural work, he also reconfigures how we think of African fiction. His book supplements recent work on the importance of indigenous contexts and discourses in situating colonial-era narratives and will inspire fresh methodological strategies for studying the continent from a multiplicity of perspectives.

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Donald R. Wehrs - Pre-Colonial Africa in Colonial African Narratives (2008).pdf

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The Haskins Society Journal 19 - William North, St ephen Morillo - Studies in Medieval History (2008).jpg

The latest volume of the Haskins Society Journal presents recent research on the Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, Viking and Angevin worlds of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, broadly conceived, and includes topics ranging from analysis of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles for the early construction of English identity, to the exercise of Norman naval power in the Mediterranean, to several studies of churchmen and church organization in Rouen, Aquitaine and Florence, and more.

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The Haskins Society Journal 19 - William North, St ephen Morillo - Studies in Medieval History (2008).pdf

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J. A. S. Grenville - A History of the World; From the 20th to the 21st Century (2003).jpg

This second edition has been thoroughly updated and includes discussions on 9/11 and the second Gulf War, and takes into account the latest historical research.
A comprehensive survey of the key events and personalities of this period throughout the world, it includes discussion on topics such as:
* the rivalry between European nations from 1900–1914
* the Depression and the rise of Fascism during the 1920s and 1930s
* the global impact of the Cold War
* decolonization and its effects
* the continuing conflict in the Middle East.

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J. A. S. Grenville - A History of the World; From the 20th to the 21st Century (2003).pdf

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John J. McCusker - History of World Trade Since 14 50 (2005).jpg

The force of the market has never, it seems, been greater; and yet trade has always been a defining factory in world history. In two alphabetically arranged volumes, the History of World Trade since 1450 takes as its starting point the year generally considered the beginning of the age of exploration. The more than 400 signed articles, ranging in length from 200 to 3,000 words and written by approximately 300 subject experts with college and university affiliations, offer postsecondary readers and researchers information about changes that both caused and were caused by exploration and expansion. Dealing with people and places as well as developments and ideas, the entries are unflinching in looking at trends that may have improved for some but were depressingly detrimental to others. The exploitation and decimation of the Native American tribes and the growth of African slavery are just two examples.

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Jeffrey Richards - The Age of the Dream Palace; Ci nema and Society in 1930s Britain (2010).jpg

The period between the two world wars is often named "the golden age of the cinema" in Britain. This definitive and entertaining book on the cinema and cinema-goers of the era is herewith reissued with a new Introduction.
Jeffrey Richards, described by Philip French as "a shrewd critic, a compulsive moviegoer, and a professional historian," tells the absorbing story of the cinema during the decade that produced Alfred Hitchcock's thrillers, the musicals of Jessie Matthews and Alexander Korda's epics. He examines the role of going to the pictures in people's lives during a tough period when, in the sumptuous buildings that housed local cinemas, people regularly spent a few pence to purchase ready-made dreams watching Gracie Fields, Robert Donat and the other stars of the day. He scrutinizes the film industry, censorship, cinema's influence, the nature of the star system and its images, as well as the films themselves, including the visions of Britain, British history and society that they created and represented.

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Jeffrey Richards - The Age of the Dream Palace; Ci nema and Society in 1930s Britain (2010).pdf

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Christopher Hill - Cabinet Decisions on Foreign Po licy; The British Experience, October 1938-June 19 41 (1991).jpg

Historia2 - Christopher Hill - Cabinet Decisions on Foreign Policy...y The British Experience, October 1938-June 1941 1991.jpg

In this book, Dr. Christopher Hill breaks new ground by presenting a detailed case study of the British government and foreign policy. He takes the dramatic period from the Munich conference of 1938 to the German invasion of the Soviet Union three years later and analyzes the patterns of argument and influence within the British Cabinet. By using extensive archival material, he examines how far the strong personalities of Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill were able to dominate their Cabinets in an area where prime ministers have traditionally been supposed to exercise considerable freedom.

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Christopher Hill - Cabinet Decisions on Foreign Po licy; The British Experience, October 1938-June 19 41 (1991).pdf

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J. A. Burrow - Medieval Writers and their Work; Mi ddle English Literature 1100-1500 (2008).jpg

In an updated edition of his hugely successful student introduction to English literature from 1100 to 1500, J.A. Burrow takes account of scholarly developments in the the field, most notably devoting a final chapter to the impact of historicism on medieval studies. Full of information and stimulating ideas, and a pleasure to read, Burrow's book deals with circumstances of composition and reception, the main genres, "modes of meaning" (allegory etc.), and medieval literature's afterlife in modern times. It shows that the literature of authors such as Chaucer, Gower, and Langland is more readily accessible than usually imagined, and well worth reading too. By placing medieval writers in their historical context - the four centuries between the Norman Conquest and the Renaissance - Professor Burrow explains not only how they wrote, but why.

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J. A. Burrow - Medieval Writers and their Work; Mi ddle English Literature 1100-1500 (2008).pdf

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Don C. Skemer - Binding Words; Textual Amulets in the Middle Ages (2006).jpg

In the Middle Ages, textual amulets - short texts written on parchment or paper and worn on the body - were thought to protect the bearer against enemies, to heal afflictions caused by demonic invasions, and to bring the wearer good fortune. In "Binding Words", Don C. Skemer provides the first book-length study of this once-common means of harnessing the magical power of words. Textual amulets were a unique source of empowerment, promising the believer safe passage through a precarious world by means of an ever-changing mix of scriptural quotations, divine names, common prayers, and liturgical formulas. Although theologians and canon lawyers frequently derided textual amulets as ignorant superstition, many literate clergy played a central role in producing and disseminating them. The texts were, in turn, embraced by a broad cross section of Western Europe. Saints and parish priests, physicians and village healers, landowners and peasants alike believed in their efficacy. Skemer offers careful analysis of several dozen surviving textual amulets, along with other contemporary medieval source material. In the process, "Binding Words" enriches our understanding of popular religion and magic in everyday medieval life.

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Don C. Skemer - Binding Words; Textual Amulets in the Middle Ages (2006).pdf

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Osprey PL - WBH 24 - William Martin - Bitwa pod Ve rdun 1916 (2010).jpg

Dwupłatowy samolot myśliwski Nieuport 11 wzbił się w letnie niebo. Za sterami siedział młody Amerykanin, który jako ochotnik wstąpił do francuskiego Dywizjonu Lafayette-a. To, co ujrzał w dole, opisał następująco: Zaraz na wschód i północ od Verdun ciągnie się szeroki, brązowy pas [...]. Kilka miesięcy temu, gdy nikt jeszcze nie słyszał o bitwie pod Verdun, ziemię zdobiły tu ciche poła, gospodarstwa i wsie. Teraz pozostał tylko ten ponury, brązowy pas, w którym uśmiercono przyrodę. Wydaje się należeć do innego świata. Zatarto tu ślady człowieka. Lasy 1 drogi zniknęły niczym kreda starta z tablicy; w wioskach po zawalonych kamiennych ścianach domów zostały tylko szare plamy. Granice wielkich fortów Douaumont i Vaux widać bardzo słabo, niczym śład narysowany palcem na mokrym piasku. Dziur po pociskach nie da się dojrzeć tak jak na okolicznych polach. Na brązowym pasie jest ich tyle, że zlewają się w jedno. Cala ziemia jest rozryta wybuchami. Ślady po okopach są jak na wpół rozmazane kreski.

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Matt Lamy - 100 Worlds Strangest Mysteries (2005).jpg

The book includes some of History's most astounding tales of the strange and supernatural, and tells in vivid detail the story of both events and the people involved, the impact of particular myths and beliefs, and the latest investigations being undertaken in an attempt to find answers to the world's most baffling phenomena. From Loch Ness to Bigfoot, spontaneous combustion to Roswell, each entry is supported with a wealth of photographic evidence and fascinating illustrations.

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Matt Lamy - 100 Worlds Strangest Mysteries (2005).pdf

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Keat Ooi - Southeast Asia; A Historical Encycloped ia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor (3 Volume Set) ( 2004).jpg

Southeast Asia is the encyclopedia that will be used for exploring and understanding this geopolitical region for many years. Its pages are packed with well-explained, easily accessible articles. Editor Ooi, a social and economic historian from Malaysia, has assembled a group of writers that represent a wide range of expertise from around the world to focus on Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Some articles also cover the influence that China, India, Japan, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan have had on the region.

The introduction is a well-written and concise history of Southeast Asia. It includes bold type cross-references that lead readers to articles within the main text of the encyclopedia. The 800 articles range in length from 300 to 3,000 words, and each has cross-references and a list of bibliographic references. In addition to entries for each country, there are entries on events, organizations, and individuals, and on topics from folklore, geography, war, and religion, among other subject areas. There is strong coverage of the Dutch, British, and Portuguese colonial presence in the region. Economic, social, and political transformations are explained in depth. Each entry is credited, and the contributors are listed in an appendix with their university or corporate affiliation. In the last volume are maps, country fact tables, a topical list of entries, a chronology organized by country, a bibliography of more than 70 pages, and a thorough index.

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Keat Ooi - Southeast Asia; A Historical Encycloped ia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor (3 Volume Set) ( 2004).pdf

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M. Hassan Kakar - A Political And Diplomatic Histo ry of Afghanistan, 1863-1901 (2006).jpg

This political and diplomatic history of late nineteenth-century Afghanistan and its major ethnic groups lays bare how the ground was laid for the emergence of Afghanistan as a nation-state as well as for the implementation of schemes of modernization.
It describes how Amir Sher ‘Ali Khan and, more fully, Amir ‘Abd al-Rahman Khan for the first time consolidated the authority of the central government at the expense of the traditional autonomous local magnates, and thus managed to organize a centralized monarchical state and extend its direct rule thoughout Afghanistan.
They did so in the days of what has become known as The Great Game for the mastery of Central Asian states. Although The Great Game resulted in the reduction of Afghanistan in size, it also led to the clear demarcation of its boundaries in accordance with international agreements.

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M. Hassan Kakar - A Political And Diplomatic Histo ry of Afghanistan, 1863-1901 (2006).pdf

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Philip Rousseau - A Companion to Late Antiquity (2 009).jpg

The essays collected in this authoritative Companion capture the vitality and diversity of scholarship that exists on the transformative time period known as late antiquity.

For the last generation, late antiquity – the time between the accession of Diocletian in ad 284 and the end of Roman rule in the Mediterranean – has come to be regarded as one of the most dynamic periods of ancient history. Once seen as a time of decline and fall, late antiquity is now viewed as an era of powerful transformation, in which the peoples and institutions that profoundly influenced the modern world took shape.

In providing a useful overview of current scholarship on late antiquity, the essays emphasize the central importance of religion in this period. Theology and belief are situated in historical context as the Companion highlights the interconnectedness of religious life with economic, social, and political realms.

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Philip Rousseau - A Companion to Late Antiquity (2 009).pdf

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DK Eyewitness - Early Humans (2005).jpg

Discover the world of the first people -- from the earliest cave dwellers to the men and women of the Iron Age.

Here is an original and exciting new look at the fascinating world of ancient people and their ways of life. Stunning real-life photographs of tools, weapons, jewelry, clothing and even the remains of the people themselves offer a unique "eyewitness" view of how human life changed during its first four million years. See the tools used by the first farmers, the oldest surviving food, the weapons of a Bronze Age chieftain, and what our earliest ancestors looked like. Learn why humans first stood upright, how people survived the cold of the Ice Age, how scientists uncovered the Piltdown Man hoax, how to make a flint axehead, and which people used magic to find their food. Discover how early people hunted and gathered their food, which people made jewelry out of leopards' teeth and hornets' wing cases, how bread was made in the Bronze Age, how mummies and bog bodies have been preserved, and much, much more!

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Stephen Turnbull - The Knight Triumphant; The High Middle Ages 1314-1485 (2001).jpg

A best-selling expert on medieval warfare has produced a hugely successful book--over 100,000 copies sold--that returns by popular demand as the premier reference on knighthood. The riveting chronicle trains its focus on the golden years of the knight during the 14th and 15th centuries. The life of a knight starts with his earliest upbringing, his formal education, and his dangerous, exacting years of training. Once a knight is ready for a life of battle, the story turns to his vast choices of weapons and armor--all shown in graphic illustrations. Charts and maps help portray battle strategies and tactics, while behind-the-scenes unfolds a drama of intrigue, chivalry, and fanaticism, from Edward III and the Black Prince to the fall of Richard III on Bosworth Field. Illustrations from archives provide rare scenes of people, equipment, and battle scenes, while modern photos display battlefields and castles as they look today.

About the Author
Stephen Turnbull is an expert on medieval warfare as well as Japanese religion and the Samurai, and has written many books across both subjects. He frequently advises film and TV production companies on costume and weaponry, has a substantial collection of rare photographs and prints, and holds a serior position in the National Health Service.

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wagnerka9595 napisano 8.08.2020 18:20

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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Uwaga!!! Wszystkie pliki w tym chomiku zostały zamieszczone informacyjnie. Od momentu ściągnięcia na dysk pliki należy usunąć w ciągu 24h. Wykorzystywanie ich w celach komercyjnych jest niezgodne z prawem. Autor chomika nie ponosi żadnej odpowiedzialności za niezgodne z prawem wykorzystywanie zasobów znajdujących się w tym chomiku !!!