James Howard-Johnston provides a sweeping and highly readable account of probably the most dramatic single episode in world history - the emergence of a new religion (Islam), the destruction of two established great powers (Roman and Iranian), and the creation of a new world empire by the Arabs, all in the space of not much more than a generation (610-52 AD). Warfare looms large, especially where operations can be followed in some detail, as in Iraq 636-40, in Egypt 641-2 and in the long-drawn out battle for the Mediterranean (649-98). As the first history of the formative phase of Islam to be grounded in the important non-Islamic as well as Islamic sources Witnesses to a World Crisis is essential reading for anyone wanting to understand Islam as a religion and political force, the modern Middle East, and the jihadist impulse, which is as evident today as it was in the seventh century.

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Karuna Mantena - Alibis of Empire, Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism (2010).jpg

Alibis of Empire presents a novel account of the origins, substance, and afterlife of late imperial ideology. Karuna Mantena challenges the idea that Victorian empire was primarily legitimated by liberal notions of progress and civilization. In fact, as the British Empire gained its farthest reach, its ideology was being dramatically transformed by a self-conscious rejection of the liberal model. The collapse of liberal imperialism enabled a new culturalism that stressed the dangers and difficulties of trying to "civilize" native peoples. And, hand in hand with this shift in thinking was a shift in practice toward models of indirect rule. As Mantena shows, the work of Victorian legal scholar Henry Maine was at the center of these momentous changes. Alibis of Empire examines how Maine's sociotheoretic model of "traditional" society laid the groundwork for the culturalist logic of late empire. In charting the movement from liberal idealism, through culturalist explanation, to retroactive alibi within nineteenth-century British imperial ideology, Alibis of Empire unearths a striking and pervasive dynamic of modern empire.

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Christian D. Liddy, Richard H. Britnell - North-Ea st England in the Later Middle Ages (2005).jpg

The recent surge of interest in the political, ecclesiastical, social and economic history of north-eastern England is reflected in the essays in this volume. The topics covered range widely, including the development of both rural and urban life and institutions. There are contributions on the well-known richness of Durham cathedral muniments, its priory and bishopric, and there is also a particular focus on the institutions and practices which evolved to deal with Scottish border problems. A number of papers broach lesser-known subjects which accordingly offer new territory for exploration, among them the distinctive characteristics of local jurisdiction in the northern counties, the formation of north-eastern landscapes, the course of agrarian development in the region and the emergence of a northern gentry class alongside the better known ecclesiastical and lay magnates. CHRISTIAN D. LIDDY is Lecturer in History at the University of Durham, where R.H. BRITNELL is Emeritus Professor.

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Christian D. Liddy, Richard H. Britnell - North-Ea st England in the Later Middle Ages (2005).pdf

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Jay M. Smith - The French Nobility in the Eighteen th Century, Reassessments And New Approaches (2006 ).jpg

Historians have long been fascinated by the nobility in pre-Revolutionary France. What difference did nobles make in French society? What role did they play in the coming of the Revolution? In this book, a group of prominent French historians shows why the nobility remains a vital topic for understanding France's past.
The French Nobility in the Eighteenth Century appears some thirty years after the publication of the most sweeping and influential "revisionist" assessment of the French nobility, Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret's La noblesse au dix-huitième siècle. The contributors to this volume incorporate the important lessons of Chaussinand-Nogaret's revisionism but also reexamine the assumptions on which that revisionism was based. At the same time, they consider what has been gained or lost through the adoption of new methods of inquiry in the intervening years. Where, in other words, should the nobility fit into the twenty-first century's narrative about eighteenth-century France?
Contributors to the volume are Rafe Blaufarb, Gail Bossenga, Mita Choudhury, Jonathan Dewald, Doina Pasca Harsanyi, Thomas E. Kaiser, Michael Kwass, Robert M. Schwartz, John Shovlin, Jay M. Smith, and Johnson Kent Wright. The French Nobility in the Eighteenth Century will interest not only specialists of the eighteenth century, the French Revolution, and modern European history but also those concerned with the differences in, and the developing tensions between, the methods of social and cultural history.

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Jay M. Smith - The French Nobility in the Eighteen th Century, Reassessments And New Approaches (2006 ).pdf

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Charles Walton - Policing Public Opinion in the Fr ench Revolution, The Culture of Calumny and the Pr oblem of Free Speech (2009).jpg

Historia2 - Charles Walton - Policing Public Opinion in the French...Culture of Calumny and the Problem of Free Speech 2009.jpg

In the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, French revolutionaries proclaimed the freedom of speech, religion, and opinion. Censorship was abolished, and France appeared to be on a path towards tolerance, pluralism, and civil liberties. A mere four years later, the country descended into a period of political terror, as thousands were arrested, tried, and executed for crimes of exion and opinion.
In Policing Public Opinion in the French Revolution, Charles Walton traces the origins of this reversal back to the Old Regime. He shows that while early advocates of freedom sought to abolish pre-publication censorship, the majority still firmly believed injurious speech--or calumny--constituted a crime, even treason if it undermined the honor of sovereign authority or sacred collective values, such as religion and civic spirit.
With the collapse of institutions responsible for regulating honor and morality in 1789, calumny proliferated, as did obsessions with it. Drawing on wide-ranging sources, from National Assembly debates to local police archives, Walton shows how struggles to set legal and moral limits on free speech led to the radicalization of politics, and eventually to the brutal liquidation of "calumniators" and fanatical efforts to rebuild society's moral foundation during the Terror of 1793-1794.
With its emphasis on how revolutionaries drew upon cultural and political legacies of the Old Regime, this study sheds new light on the origins of the Terror and the French Revolution, as well as the history of free exion.

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Andrew Tyrrell, William O. Frazer - Social Identit y in Early Medieval Britain (2001).jpg

Social identity - how people define and categorize themselves - is constructed and exed through cultural practices, cultural production and corporeality. This text takes a theoretical approach in viewing social identity as an intricate "warp and weft" in which "we-identities" are more than mere agglomerations of single threads or collectives of individual "self-identities", such as ethnicity or gender. This is important for medieval Britain prior to the 11th century due to the ways in which aspects of identity have been used as defining criteria in both modern scholarship and in contemporary historical texts.

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Andrew Tyrrell, William O. Frazer - Social Identit y in Early Medieval Britain (2001).pdf

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Phil Sidnell - Warhorse (2004).jpg

Cavalry were an important part of almost every ancient army, yet modern writers have neglected them in favour of the infantry of the Greek phalanx and the Roman legions. Warhorse seeks to correct this injustice.
Phil Sidnell challenges the common view that ancient cavalry were useful for scouting and raiding but left the real fighting to the foot soldiers. In fact, he argues, they were often used in a shock role and proved decisive on many occasions. The famous victories of great generals such as Alexander, Hannibal and Julius Caesar could not have been won without a full appreciation of the battle-winning potential of the cavalry.
Drawing heavily on the ancient sources, Warhorse takes the reader on a thrilling ride through numerous vividly recreated battles, from the earliest civilizations to the Battle of Hastings, to reveal the horsemen of the ancient world in their full and deadly glory.

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Phil Sidnell - Warhorse (2004).pdf

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Rhiannon Purdie; Nicola Royan - The Scots and Medi eval Arthurian Legend (2005).jpg

Scotland's importance in Arthurian legend is undeniable: it was the traditional homeland of key figures such as Gawain; its landscape is still dotted with Arthurian associations, and many modern attempts to locate a historical Arthur end up in Scotland. Nevertheless, Scotland's complex relationship with Arthurian legend has been surprisingly neglected, and this volume is the first to be dedicated to it. The essays cover the period between the appearance in ca. 1136 of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae and the accession of James VI to the English throne as James I in 1603 -- five centuries of precarious Scottish independence during which the relationship of the Scots and the English, as refracted through Arthurian legend, is at its most turbulent and changeable. The approaches are both literary and historical, covering such topics as the direct responses of early Scottish historians to the challenges set by Geoffrey's work, Arthurian literature written in Scots, the circulation of other Arthurian material in Scotland, and the portrayal of Scotland and the Scots in English and French Arthurian texts. This volume will be of equal interest to Arthurians and to students of older Scottish history and culture.

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Rhiannon Purdie; Nicola Royan - The Scots and Medi eval Arthurian Legend (2005).pdf

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Andreas Herberg-Roth - Clausewitz's Puzzle, The Po litical Theory of War (2007).jpg

Blending detailed contextual analysis with issues in modern-day international relations this book provides a major new analysis of the theory of Clausewitz and its relevance to contemporary society. This book argues that Clausewitz developed a wide-ranging political theory of war by reflecting on the success, the limitations, and the failure of Napoleon's method of waging war, a theory, which is still relevant in light of contemporary conflict. This new interpretation is the result of reflecting on Clausewitz's theory in light of the new developments and lays down the foundation of a general theory of war by concentrating on Clausewitz's historical analyses of war campaigns. For the first time analysis of three paradigmatic military campaigns is placed at the centre of understanding surrounding Clausewitz's 'On War': The author argues that the limitations of Napoleon's strategy, as revealed in Russia and in his final defeat, enabled Clausewitz to develop a general theory of war. This book is a project of the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War.

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Andreas Herberg-Roth - Clausewitz's Puzzle, The Po litical Theory of War (2007).pdf

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David B. Ruderman - Early Modern Jewry. A New Cult ural History (2010).jpg

Early Modern Jewry boldly offers a new history of the early modern Jewish experience. From Krakow and Venice to Amsterdam and Smyrna, David Ruderman examines the historical and cultural factors unique to Jewish communities throughout Europe, and how these distinctions played out amidst the rest of society. Looking at how Jewish settlements in the early modern period were linked to one another in fascinating ways, he shows how Jews were communicating with each other and were more aware of their economic, social, and religious connections than ever before.

Ruderman explores five crucial and powerful characteristics uniting Jewish communities: a mobility leading to enhanced contacts between Jews of differing backgrounds, traditions, and languages, as well as between Jews and non-Jews; a heightened sense of communal cohesion throughout all Jewish settlements that revealed the rising power of lay oligarchies; a knowledge explosion brought about by the printing press, the growing interest in Jewish books by Christian readers, an expanded curriculum of Jewish learning, and the entrance of Jewish elites into universities; a crisis of rabbinic authority expressed through active messianism, mystical prophecy, radical enthusiasm, and heresy; and the blurring of religious identities, impacting such groups as conversos, Sabbateans, individual converts to Christianity, and Christian Hebraists.

In describing an early modern Jewish culture, Early Modern Jewry reconstructs a distinct epoch in history and provides essential background for understanding the modern Jewish experience.

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Lora S. Irish - Great Book of Celtic Patterns, The Ultimate Design Sourcebook for Artists and Crafte rs (2007).jpg

Historia2 - Lora S. Irish - Great Book of Celtic Patterns, The Ult...timate Design Sourcebook for Artists and Crafters 2007.jpg

Calling on geometric forms found in Celtic monuments and manuscripts, this crafter’s companion presents basic design principles and step-by-step instructions for plotting out and drawing lines, twists, braids, and knots in the ancient Irish tradition. With lessons that can be applied to a multitude of arts and crafts—from needlework and woodworking to decorative painting—this instructional guide unravels the secrets to creating intricate Celtic knot work. Offering increasingly intricate designs with the addition of lines and new textures, artisans of any skill level will revel in the endless archive of original patterns provided in this sourcebook.

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Lora S. Irish - Great Book of Celtic Patterns, The Ultimate Design Sourcebook for Artists and Crafte rs (2007).PDF

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Catherine Epstein - Model Nazi, Arthur Greiser and the Occupation of Western Poland (2010).jpg

Model Nazi tells the story of Arthur Greiser, the man who initiated the Final Solution in Nazi-occupied Poland. Between 1939 and 1945, Greiser was the territorial leader of the Warthegau, an area of western Poland annexed to Nazi Germany. In an effort to make the Warthegau "German," Greiser introduced numerous cruel policies. He spearheaded an influx of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans. He segregated Germans from Poles, and introduced wide-ranging discriminatory measures against the Polish population. He refashioned the urban and natural landscape to make it "German." And even more chillingly, the first and longest standing ghetto, the largest forced labour program, and the first mass gassings of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe were all initiated under Greiser's jurisdiction.
Who was the man behind these dreadful policies? Catherine Epstein gives us a compelling biographical portrait of Greiser the man: his birth in the German-Polish borderlands, his rise to Nazi prominence in Danzig, his actions as party leader in the Warthegau, and his trial and execution in postwar Poland. Drawing on a remarkable array of German and Polish sources, she shows how nationalist obsessions, political jealousies, and personal insecurities shaped the policies of a man who held remarkable power in his Nazi fiefdom. Throughout, Epstein confronts a burning question of our age: why do individuals imagine genocide and ethnic cleansing to be solutions to political problems?

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Erol Korogl - Ottoman Propaganda and Turkish Ident ity, Literature in Turkey During World War I (2007 ).jpg

Throughout World War I the Entente Powers (France, Britain, Russia and later the USA) directed widespread efforts towards the generation of propaganda as a weapon of war, with devastating effect. However, in the underdeveloped and multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire, the Turkish intelligentsia could not produce adequate propaganda to support the war effort. As the war unfolded, writers abandoned their initial attempts at propaganda and turned instead to the task of defining a national identity. In this new reassessment of Turkish literature and propaganda in World War I, Erol Köroglu argues the Ottoman-Turkish intelligentsia used the conditions created by the war to eliminate the deficiencies in national culture and build a Turkish identity, a project inherited from the pre-war years.

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Erol Korogl - Ottoman Propaganda and Turkish Ident ity, Literature in Turkey During World War I (2007 ).pdf

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John S. Major, Constance A. Cook - Defining Chu, I mage and Reality in Ancient China (1999).jpg

Scholars agree that the "southern" culture of China, roughly identifiable with the state of Chu during the period between 700 and 200 BC, is of great importance in the subsequent development Chinese culture. This book attempts a broad and in-depth analysis of this state, tracing the evolution of the Chu from a vassal state of Zhou to its rise and fall as a great hegemonic kingdom in the Warring States period and its eventual resurgence in the early Han dynasty. A translation of the "Chu Silk Manuscript", a document that has intrigued scholars since its discovery in Chansha, is appended.

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Peter Mangold - The Almost Impossible Ally, Harold and Charles de Gaulle (2006).jpg

In 1963, General de Gaulle (described by the Foreign Office as Prime Minister 's "almost impossible ally") aggressively vetoed Britain's first bid to join the Common Market. It was a blow that delayed Britain's entry for a decade and hastened the end of Harold 's political career. Peter Mangold explores the complex issues that bound the two men in the post-war world, from decolonization to co-operation in the Cold War, and the character traits that separated them in this fascinating portrait of an Anglo-French friendship that turned sour.

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Victor Cunrui Xiong - Historical Dictionary of Med ieval China (2009).jpg

The Historical Dictionary of Medieval China fills an urgent need for a standard reference tailored to the interest of Western academics and readers. The history of medieval China is related through the book's introductory essay, maps, a table of Dynastic Periods, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on key people, historical geography, arts, institutions, events, and other important terms.

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Victor Cunrui Xiong - Historical Dictionary of Med ieval China (2009) [PDF].rar

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Chiao-Min Hsieh - Race the Rising Sun, A Chinese U niversity's Exodus during the Second World War (20 09).jpg

This book is about Zhejiang University, one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China, which was forced to evacuate from the beautiful city of Hangzhou when the Japanese arrived in 1937. The events surrounding this exodus inland remain virtually unknown to the Western world.

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Chiao-Min Hsieh - Race the Rising Sun, A Chinese U niversity's Exodus during the Second World War (20 09).pdf

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Brian Duignan - Modern Philosophy, From 1500 Ce to the Present (2010).jpg

Responding to the needs of an increasingly secularized and educated populace, the philosophical tradition since the Renaissance has shifted dramatically away from that of the preceding centuries. Concerned more with rationality, human nature, and human interaction with society and the world than the theological questions of the Middle Ages, contemporary philosophy has advanced study of the limits of the human mind. This insightful volume traces the evolution of present-day Western philosophy and the diverging methods of inquiry that continue to inform a wide range of disciplines.

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Brian Duignan - Modern Philosophy, From 1500 Ce to the Present (2010).pdf

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