Vanities of the Eye investigates the cultural history of the senses in early modern Europe, a time in which the nature and reliability of human vision was the focus of much debate. In medicine, art theory, science, religion, and philosophy, sight came to be characterised as uncertain or paradoxical - mental images no longer resembled the external world. Was seeing really believing? Stuart Clark explores the controversial debates of the time - from the fantasies and hallucinations of melancholia, to the illusions of magic, art, demonic deceptions, and witchcraft. The truth and function of religious images and the authenticity of miracles and visions were also questioned with new vigour, affecting such contemporary works as Macbeth - a play deeply concerned with the dangers of visual illusion. Clark also contends that there was a close connection between these debates and the ways in which philosophers such as Descartes and Hobbes developed new theories on the relationship between the real and virtual. Original, highly accessible, and a major contribution to our understanding of European culture, Vanities of the Eye will be of great interest to a wide range of historians and anyone interested in the true nature of seeing.

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4,4 MB
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Stuart Clark - Vanities of the Eye, Vision in Earl y Modern European Culture (2007).pdf

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John E. Wills - The World from 1450 to 1700 (2009).jpg

In The World from 1450 to 1700, historian John Wills takes a fresh look at one of the most fascinating and tumultuous periods in world history. Assuming a global perspective, rather than the traditional Eurocentric view, Wills traces the interwoven changes that led from the world of Columbus, Luther, and the Mughal emperor Babur to the world of Locke, Louis XIV, and the Kangxi emperor. The book's multi-centered approach explores historical events not in isolation but rather in a dynamic nexus of connections ranging from the Italian Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation to the Sikh, Hindu, and Confucian revivals; from the transformation of Japan in 1600 to the forced migrations of millions of African slaves; from the English Civil War and expanding Qing and Muscovite empires in Asia to new forms of scientific knowledge and parliamentary democracy in Europe. It is an interlocking world of change and movement, innovation and conquest, and Wills marshals his extraordinary narrative skill and breadth of learning to bring this period vibrantly to life.

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3,8 MB
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John E. Wills - The World from 1450 to 1700 (2009).pdf

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Alice Birkhead - Heroes of Modern Europe (2010).jpg

I. THE TWO SWORDS
II. DANTE, THE DIVINE POET
III. LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT
IV. THE PRIOR OF SAN MARCO
V. MARTIN LUTHER, REFORMER OF THE CHURCH
VI. CHARLES V, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR
VII. THE BEGGARS OF THE SEA
VIII. WILLIAM THE SILENT, FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY
IX. HENRY OF NAVARRE
X. UNDER THE RED ROBE
XI. THE GRAND MONARCH
XII. PETER THE GREAT
XIII. THE ROYAL ROBBER
XIV. SPIRITS OF THE AGE
XV. THE MAN FROM CORSICA
XVI. "GOD AND THE PEOPLE"
VII. "FOR ITALY AND VICTOR EMMANUEL!"
VIII. THE THIRD NAPOLEON
XIX. THE REFORMER OF THE EAST
XX. THE HERO IN HISTORY
INDEX

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2,9 MB
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Alice Birkhead - Heroes of Modern Europe (2010).pdf

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Osprey - Field Of GLory - Richard Bodley, Scott Ni k Gaukroger - Empires of the Dragon, The Far East at War (2009).jpg

Historia2 - Osprey - Field Of GLory - Richard Bodley, Scott Nik Ga...oger - Empires of the Dragon, The Far East at War 2009.jpg

"If you know the enemy and know yourself, your victory will not stand in doubt; if you know Heaven and know Earth, you may make your victory complete" (Sun Tzu, The Art of War). Empires of the Dragon, the new companion book for Field of Glory, reveals the secrets of the armies of Asia, from the samurai of Japan and the forces of the Qin to the elephant hordes of India and Thailand. With historical overviews, maps and artwork, and details for hundreds of new troop types, generals now have everything they need to know to command or crush the empires of the Far East.

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Laura Cruz, Willem Frijhoff - Myth in History, His tory in Myth (2009).jpg

In 1975, a group of Dutch and British scholars published a conference volume of collected essays entitled Some Political Mythologies. That conference sought to examine the political myth as an object of historical study, particularly in the context of the tumultuous and exceptional history of the Low Countries. Thirty years later, a more diverse group of scholars gathered to re-examine the history of Dutch myth-making in light of developments in theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the role of myths in national identity, moral geography, and community formation. The results of their efforts appear in this volume, Myth in History: History in Myth. The essays cover developments in history, anthropology, cartography, philosophy, art history, and literature as they pertain to how the Dutch historically perceived these myths and how the myths have been treated by previous generations of historians.

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5,2 MB
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Laura Cruz, Willem Frijhoff - Myth in History, His tory in Myth (2009).pdf

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Eleanor Nesbit - Sikhism, A Very Short Introductio n (2005).jpg

The Sikh religion has a following of over 20 million people worldwide and is one of the largest religions in the world. However, events such as the verbal and physical attacks on Sikhs just after September 11 indicated that Sikhs were being mistaken for Muslims, and suggests that the raising of sufficient and appropriate awareness about Sikhism still needs to be addressed. This book will introduce newcomers to the meaning of Sikhism, and its practices, rituals, and festivals. The key threads in the fascinating history of the religion will be highlighted, from the Gurus and the development of the Sikh look, to martyrdom and militarization in the 17th and 18th Centuries and the diaspora. Eleanor Nesbitt brings the subject completely up to date with an examination of gender and caste, referring to contemporary film, such as Bend It Like Beckham, and media reports.

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Ian Shaw - Ancient Egypt, A Very Short Introductio n (2004).jpg

The ancient Egyptians are an enduring source of fascination--mummies and pyramids, curses and rituals have captured our imaginations for generations. We all have a mental picture of ancient Egypt, but is it the right one? How much do we really know about this once great civilization? In this absorbing introduction, Ian Shaw, one of the foremost authorities on Ancient Egypt, describes how our current ideas about Egypt are based not only on the thrilling discoveries made by early Egyptologists but also on fascinating new kinds of evidence produced by modern scientific and linguistic analyses. He also explores the changing influences on our responses to these finds, by examining the impact of Egyptology on various aspects of popular culture such as literature, cinema, opera, and contemporary art. He considers all aspects of ancient Egyptian culture, from tombs and mummies to the discovery of artefacts and the decipherment of hieroglyphs, and from despotic pharaohs to animal-headed gods. From the general reader interested in Ancient Egypt, to students and teachers of ancient history and archaeology, to museum-goers, this Very Short Introduction will not disappoint.

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James Simpson - Burning to Read, English Fundament alism and Its Reformation Opponents (2007).jpg

The evidence is everywhere: fundamentalist reading can stir passions and provoke violence that changes the world. Amid such present-day conflagrations, this illuminating book reminds us of the sources, and profound consequences, of Christian fundamentalism in the sixteenth century.
James Simpson focuses on a critical moment in early modern England, specifically the cultural transformation that allowed common folk to read the Bible for the first time. Widely understood and accepted as the grounding moment of liberalism, this was actually, Simpson tells us, the source of fundamentalism, and of different kinds of persecutory violence. His argument overturns a widely held interpretation of sixteenth-century Protestant reading--and a crucial tenet of the liberal tradition.
After exploring the heroism and achievements of sixteenth-century English Lutherans, particularly William Tyndale, Burning to Read turns to the bad news of the Lutheran Bible. Simpson outlines the dark, dynamic, yet demeaning paradoxes of Lutheran reading: its demands that readers hate the biblical text before they can love it; that they be constantly on the lookout for unreadable signs of their own salvation; that evangelical readers be prepared to repudiate friends and all tradition on the basis of their personal reading of Scripture. Such reading practice provoked violence not only against Lutheranism's stated enemies, as Simpson demonstrates; it also prompted psychological violence and permanent schism within its own adherents.
The last wave of fundamentalist reading in the West provoked 150 years of violent upheaval; as we approach a second wave, this powerful book alerts us to our peril.

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5,3 MB
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James Simpson - Burning to Read, English Fundament alism and Its Reformation Opponents (2007).pdf

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Jeffrey Jerome Cohen - Cultural Diversity in the B ritish Middle Ages, Archipelago, Island, England ( 2008).jpg

Through close readings of both familiar and obscure medieval texts, the contributors to this volume attempt to read England as a singularly powerful entity within a vast geopolitical network. This capacious world can be glimpsed in the cultural flows connecting the Normans of Sicily with the rulers of England, or Chaucer with legends arriving from Bohemia. It can also be seen in surprising places in literature, as when green children are discovered in twelfth-century Yorkshire or when Welsh animals begin to speak of the long history of their land’s colonization. The contributors to this volume seek moments of cultural admixture and heterogeneity within texts that have often been assumed to belong to a single, national canon, discovering moments when familiar and bounded space erupt into unexpected diversity and infinite realms.

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Jeffrey Jerome Cohen - Cultural Diversity in the B ritish Middle Ages, Archipelago, Island, England ( 2008).pdf

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Jeremy C. Mitchell - The Organization of Opinion, Open Voting in England, 1832-68 (2008).jpg

A study of open voting and electoral behaviour in England between the First and Second Reform Bills.

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5,3 MB
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Jeremy C. Mitchell - The Organization of Opinion, Open Voting in England, 1832-68 (2008).pdf

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John Gillingham, Ralph A. Griffiths - Medieval Bri tain, A Very Short Introduction (2000).jpg

First published as part of the best-selling The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, John Gillingham and Ralph A. Griffiths' Very Short Introduction to Medieval Britain covers the establishment of the Anglo-Norman monarchy in the early Middle Ages, through to England's failure to dominate the British Isles and France in the later Middle Ages. Out of the turbulence came stronger senses of identity in Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Yet this was an age, too, of growing definition of Englishness and of a distinctive English cultural tradition.

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Jon Robinson - Court Politics, Culture and Literat ure in Scotland and England, 1500-1540 (2008).jpg

The focus of this study is court literature in early sixteenth-century England and Scotland. Author Jon Robinson examines courtly poetry and drama in the context of a complex system of entertainment, education, self-fashioning, dissimulation, propaganda and patronage. He places selected works under close critical scrutiny to explore the symbiotic relationship that existed between court literature and important socio-political, economic and national contexts of the period 1500 to 1540.The first two chapters discuss the pervasive influence of patronage upon court literature through an analysis of the panegyric verse that surrounded the coronation of Henry VIII. The rhetorical strategies adopted by courtiers within their literary works, however, differed, depending on whether the writer was, at the time of writing the verse or drama, excluded or included from the environs of the court. The different, often elaborate rhetorical strategies are, through close readings of selected verse, delineated and discussed in chapter three on David Lyndsay and chapter four on Thomas Wyatt and Thomas Elyot.Wyatt's integrity, his honest persona is, however, in chapter five, shown to have been a facade deliberately and adroitly crafted by the poet that allowed him to survive and flourish within a world of political intrigue at the Henrician court. Literature at times could be appropriated by the sovereign and specifically crafted on his behalf to further national and personal political objectives. The possibilities of this appropriation are explored in the final chapter through a scholarly informed imaginative analysis of the works of Buchanan, Dunbar and Wyatt.

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Jon Robinson - Court Politics, Culture and Literat ure in Scotland and England, 1500-1540 (2008).pdf

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Nick Higham - Britons in Anglo-Saxon England (2007 ).jpg

The number of native Britons, and their role, in Anglo-Saxon England has been hotly debated for generations; the English were seen as Germanic in the nineteenth century, but the twentieth saw a reinvention of the German 'past'. Today, the scholarly community is as deeply divided as ever on the issue: place-name specialists have consistently preferred minimalist interpretations, privileging migration from Germany, while other disciplinary groups have been less united in their views, with many archaeologists and historians viewing the British presence, potentially at least, as numerically significant or even dominant.
The papers collected here seek to shed new light on this complex issue, by bringing together contributions from different disciplinary specialists and exploring the interfaces between various categories of knowledge about the past. They assemble both a substantial body of evidence concerning the presence of Britons and offer a variety of approaches to the central issues of the scale of that presence and its significance across the seven centuries of Anglo-Saxon England.

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Nick Higham - Britons in Anglo-Saxon England (2007 ).pdf

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Karl Leyser - Communications and Power in Medieval Europe, The Carolingian and Ottonian Centrues (20 03).jpg

Karl Leyser's intuitive and imaginative historical writing drew on deep reading in the primary sources and, above all, on an intimate knowledge of the major historians of the period displayed in this collection of his work. It was his contention that only through an understanding of the minds of such historians as Nithard, Regino of Prum, Widukind of Corvey and Thietmar of Merseburg, and a reconstruction of their outlook on the world, can we appreciate the aristocratic worlds which these historians depicted in their works.

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Karl Leyser - Communications and Power in Medieval Europe, The Carolingian and Ottonian Centrues (20 03).pdf

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Christopher J. Walker - Armenia, The Survival of a Nation (1990).jpg

This modern history of Armenia traces the influences promoting Armenian nationalism, and places the historical, cultural and social issues firmly in the contemporary context. It assesses the impact of changing political attitudes, and pres brief bibliographies of 120 leading Armenian figures.

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Christopher J. Walker - Armenia, The Survival of a Nation (1990).pdf

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Randy Robertson - Censorship and Conflict in Seven teenth-Century England,The Subtle Art of Division (2009).jpg

Censorship profoundly affected early modern writing. Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England offers a detailed picture of early modern censorship and investigates the ures that censorship exerted on seventeenth-century authors, printers, and . In the 1600s, Britain witnessed a civil war, the judicial execution of a king, the restoration of his son, and an unremitting struggle among crown, parliament, and people for sovereignty and the right to define liberty and property. This battle, sometimes subtle, sometimes bloody, entailed a struggle for the control of language and representation. Robertson offers a rich study of this censorship contest and of the craft that writers employed to outflank the licensers. He argues that for most parties, victory, not diplomacy or consensus, was the ultimate goal. This book differs from most recent works in analyzing both the mechanics of early modern censorship and the poetics that the licensing system produced the forms and ures of self-censorship. Among the issues that Robertson addresses in this book are the workings of the licensing machinery, the designs of art and obliquity under a regime of censorship, and the involutions of authorship attendant on anonymity.

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Randy Robertson - Censorship and Conflict in Seven teenth-Century England,The Subtle Art of Division (2009).pdf

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Mark Zuehlke - Brave Battalion, The Remarkable Sag a of the 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish) in the First World War (2008).jpg

Historia2 - Mark Zuehlke - Brave Battalion, The Remarkable Saga of...attalion Canadian Scottish in the First World War 2008.jpg

The company was completely bunched in front of the wire. Some men threw bombs toward the German trench while others tried to beat down the wooden stakes supporting the wire with their rifle buts and then trample it into the mud. The German grenades generally fell short as they were throwing uphill, but their rifle fire was "deadly accurate." Casualties mounted. Unless something were to be done quickly, Mackie realized that No. 4 Company would be wiped out.
Suddenly Richardson turned to the sergeant. "Will I gie them wund?" he asked calmly. "Aye mon, gie 'em wind, " Mackie barked back. Coolly, the young smooth-faced solder marched back and forth in front of the wire, playing the pipes while a storm of fire swirled past him on either side. "The effect was instantaneous," reads his Victoria Cross commendation. "Inspired by his splendid example, the company rushed the wire with such fury and determination that the obstacle was overcome and the positions captured."

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Paul F. State - A Brief History of Ireland (2009).jpg

The close geographical proximity of Great Britain has had a profound impact on Irish history. The interaction and confrontation between the two peoples and cultures culminated in 1801 with the absorption of Ireland into Great Britain. The Irish struggled to retain their separate ethnic identity - defined by a distinctive language and cultural traditions, and by the Roman Catholic religion - and ultimately, to win independence. Religious discord, social and political instability, and outbreaks of armed rebellion mark the historical record. The Irish managed to survive and, in the end, they succeeded in securing their cherished goal of national self-identity. A democratic and prosperous nation open to the world, Ireland today comprises a synthesis of both Irish and English heritages. Pring a broad narrative and relating the central events that have shaped the country, "A Brief History of Ireland" touches on all aspects of Ireland's history, including political, economic, cultural, social, and foreign affairs. Recounting this country's long history - from the arrival of the Celts to recent economic developments that have brought booming prosperity and social change - the volume notes what makes Ireland unique among nations, including noteworthy contributions made by the Irish.

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