During the 18th century, the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, protoindustrialization, and colonial conquest made their marks on women's lives in a variety of ways. Women's Roles in Eighteenth-Century Europe examines women of all ages and social backgrounds as they experienced the major events of this tumultuous period of sweeping social and political change. The book offers an inclusive portrayal of women from across Europe, surveying nations from Portugal to the Russian Empire, from Finland to Italy, including the often overlooked women of Eastern Europe. It depicts queens, an empress, noblewomen, peasants, and midwives. Separate chapters on family, work, politics, law, religion, arts and sciences, and war explore the varying contexts of the feminine experience, from the most intimate aspects of daily life to broad themes and conditions.

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Jennine Hurl-Eamon - Women's Roles in Eighteenth-C entury Europe (2010).pdf

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Mary Wren Bivins - Telling Stories, Making Histori es,Women, Words, and Islam in Nineteenth-Century H ausaland and the Sokoto Caliphate (2007).jpg

Historia21 - Mary Wren Bivins - Telling Stories, Making Histories,W...eenth-Century Hausaland and the Sokoto Caliphate 2007.jpg

Through reconstruction of oral testimony, folk stories and poetry, the true history of Hausa women and their reception of Islam's vision of Muslim in Western Africa have been uncovered. Mary Wren Bivins is the first author to locate and examine the oral texts of the 19th century Hausa women and challenge the written documentation of the Sokoto Caliphate. The personal narratives and folk stories reveal the importance of illiterate, non-elite women to the history of jihad and the assimilation of normative Islam in rural Hausaland. The captivating lives of the Hausa are captured, shedding light on their ordinary existence as wives, mothers, and providers for their family on the eve of European colonial conquest.

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Mary Wren Bivins - Telling Stories, Making Histori es,Women, Words, and Islam in Nineteenth-Century H ausaland and the Sokoto Caliphate (2007).pdf

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Marshall G. S. Hodgson - The Venture of Islam, Vol ume 3, The Gunpowder Empires and Modern Times (197 7).jpg

The Venture of Islam has been honored as a magisterial work of the mind since its publication in early 1975. In this three-volume study, illustrated with charts and maps, Hodgson traces and interprets the historical development of Islamic civilization from before the birth of Muhammad to the middle of the twentieth century. This work grew out of the famous course on Islamic civilization that Hodgson created and taught for many years at the University of Chicago.

In this concluding volume of The Venture of Islam, Hodgson describes the second flowering of Islam: the Safavi, Timuri, and Ottoman empires. The final part of the volume analyzes the widespread Islamic heritage in today's world.

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Marshall G. S. Hodgson - The Venture of Islam, Vol ume 3, The Gunpowder Empires and Modern Times (197 7).pdf

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 392 - Peter Jung - The Austro -Hungarian Forces World War I (1) 1914-16 (2003).jpg

The part played in the Great War by the army of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy is little known to English-speakers, perhaps because the end of the war saw the complete destruction of the Empire. Yet it was of central importance, providing nearly all Central Powers forces on the Italian front, huge numbers on the Russian front, seven Army Corps in the Balkans – and even a little-known contingent in Turkey and Palestine. The first half of the story of this complex multi-national organisation at war is described here in a concise but detailed text, supported by data tables and an insignia chart, and illustrated with rare photographs and colourful uniform plates.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 397 - Peter Jung - Austro-Hun garian Forces In World War I (2) 1916-18 (2003).jpg

The part played in the Great War by the armies of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy is little known to English-speakers, perhaps because 1918 saw the complete destruction of the Empire. Yet it was of great importance, providing nearly all Central Powers forces on the Italian front, huge numbers on the Russian front, the Balkans and even a contingent in Turkey and Palestine. This second volume describes this complex organisation from the accession of Emperor Karl I in November 1916, through the victory of Caporetto and failure of the Piave offensive, to the final Armistice. The text is supported by tables and insignia charts, and illustrated with rare photographs and colourful plates.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 397 - Peter Jung - Austro-Hun garian Forces In World War I (2) 1916-18 (2003).pdf

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James Lucas - Fighting Troops of the Austro-Hungar ian Army 1868-1914 (1987).jpg

00 Introduction
01 Recruitment
02 Supreme Commande and the Staff
03 Major Formations of the Army
04 Infantry
05 Cavalery
06 Artillery
07 Estiblishments
08 Uniforms, Badges and Insignia
09 Arms & Equipment
10 Traditions etc
11 Epilogue etc
12 Color Pictures (1)
12 Color Pictures (2)
12 Color Pictures (3)

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James Lucas - Fighting Troops of the Austro-Hungar ian Army 1868-1914 (1987).pdf

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Anatomja Armii 21 - Austro-hungary.jpg

Russian

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9,0 MB
29 wrz 13 8:23

Anatomja Armii 21 - Austro-hungary.pdf

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Barwa i Broń 05 - Tomasz Nowakowski - Armia Austro -Węgierska 1908-1918 (1992).jpg

Pierwsze opracowanie omawiające organizację, umundurowanie i uzbrojenie cesarsko - królewskiej Armii Austro-Węgierskiej w przededniu I wojny światowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pułków galicyjskich. Zawiera kolorowe wkładki.

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Uniformology CD-2004-31 - The Army Of The Austro-H ungarian Empire 1888-1910 (2004).jpg

Austrian Army Ca. 1910 Field Uniforms and Austrian Army Ca. 1888 by Myrbach.

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38,7 MB
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Uniformology CD-2004-31 - The Army Of The Austro-H ungarian Empire 1888-1910 (2004).pdf

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Uniformology CD-2004-20 - Knötel's Armies of The A ustro-Prussian War of 1866 (2004).jpg

Historia21 - Uniformology CD-2004-20 - Kntels Armies of The Austro-Prussian War of 1866 2004.jpg

This series of prints depicts the Austrian and Prussian Armies and their allies as they might have appeared in the war. Each print is taken from Knotel's UNIFORMENKUNDE series.

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Uniformology CD-2004-20 - Knötel's Armies of The A ustro-Prussian War of 1866 (2004).pdf

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Mike Rapp - 1848, Year of Revolution (2009).jpg

In this account of a turbulent year in which most European thrones were shaken or toppled, Rapport smoothly blends drama of battles on the barricades and perspective on the causes and consequences. As ever in revolution, severe economic distress of workers dovetailed with protest by liberals and radicals to ignite a political explosion, initially in Italy but contagiously in France. Rapport’s telling of the February Revolution in Paris, and of ensuing popular revolts in Prussia, the Hapsburg Empire, and the Italian states, periodically pauses for his keen observations about disagreements within the temporarily triumphant revolutionary camps. After the political revolutions, discord between liberals hoping to establish constitutional order and radicals fomenting social revolution gave conservatives and reactionaries openings to mount counterrevolutions. Such are the political labels of the contending forces, but Rapport’s emphasis on leaders installed in the history books about 1848—including Mazzini, Kossuth, Bismarck, and Marx—reminds readers of the force these key individuals exerted on the course of events. Striking an excellent balance between narrative and explanation, Rapport will engage the history audience.

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5,6 MB
29 wrz 13 8:23

Mike Rapp - 1848, Year of Revolution (2009).pdf

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Jan de Vries - The Industrious Revolution, Consume r Behavior and the Household Economy, 1650 to the Present (2008).jpg

Historia21 - Jan de Vries - The Industrious Revolution, Consumer Be...r and the Household Economy, 1650 to the Present 2008.jpg

In the long eighteenth century, new consumer aspirations combined with a new industrious behavior to fundamentally alter the material cultures of northwest Europe and North America. This "industrious revolution" is the context in which the economic acceleration associated with the Industrial Revolution took shape. This study explores the intellectual understanding of the new importance of consumer goods as well as the actual consumer behavior of households of all income levels. De Vries examines how the activation and evolution of consumer demand shaped the course of economic development, situating consumer behavior in the context of the household economy. He considers the changing consumption goals of households from the seventeenth century to the present and analyzes how household decisions have mediated between macro-level economic growth and actual human betterment. Ultimately, de Vries' research reveals key strengths and weaknesses of existing consumer theory, suggesting revisions that add historical realism to economic abstractions.

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Jan de Vries - The Industrious Revolution, Consume r Behavior and the Household Economy, 1650 to the Present (2008).pdf

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Theodore Ropp - War in the Modern World (1985).jpg

Among the topics that Ropp discusses in this definitive survey of the social, political, military, and technological aspects of modern warfare are: the new techniques and types of military organization that emerged in Renaissance Europe; the wars for Italy and the rise of Spain; the age of Frederick the Great and neoclassical warfare; the life of the common soldier in the eighteenth century; Portuguese and Spanish sea power and the rise of the English navy; the Anglo-American military tradition; French military reformers before and under Napoleon; the Industrial Revolution's impact on warfare; the strategies, tactics and men of the American Civil War; Europe's wars of colonial expansion; the First World War and the rise of both fascism and totalitarianism; the Second World War and the Cold War. For students of military history and general readers interested in the way that warfare has shaped and been shaped by history, the return into print of this engaging and astute study of the Western way of war over the last six centuries is cause for celebration.

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M. Sükrü Hanioglu - Preparation for a Revolution, The Young Turks, 1902-1908 (2010).jpg

Historia21 - M. Skr Hanioglu - Preparation for a Revolution, The Young Turks, 1902-1908 2010.jpg

This book will completely transform the standard interpretation of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, a watershed event in the late Ottoman Empire and a key to the emergence of the modern nation-states in the Middle East and Balkans. Preparation for a Revolution is the first book on the Young Turk Revolution to draw on both the extensive memoirs and papers of the Young Turks and on the extensive diplomatic archives around the world. The author has plumbed not only the Ottoman Archives but collected documents from archives in Bonn, Berlin, Jerusalem, London, Paris, Rome, Athens, Sofia, Tirana, Bern, Geneva, Sarajevo, Cairo, Stockholm, and Tokyo. Breaking new ground, Hanioglu describes in detail how practical considerations led the Young Turks to sacrifice or alter many of their goals for social transformation. He tells a story rich in character and plot, and reveals the many factions and competing intellectual trends that marked this tumultuous period at the end of the Ottoman Empire. Preparation for a Revolution will prove indispensable to anyone working on the political, intellectual, and social history of the Ottoman Empire and of the states that were established on its ruins.

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M. Sükrü Hanioglu - Preparation for a Revolution, The Young Turks, 1902-1908 (2010).pdf

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Thomas Benjamin - La Revolucion, Mexico's Great Re volution as Memory, Myth, and History (2000).jpg

The 1910 Revolution is still tangibly present in Mexico in the festivals that celebrate its victories, on the monuments to its heroes, and, most important, in the stories and memories of the Mexican people. Yet there has never been general agreement on what the revolution meant, what its objectives were, and whether they have been accomplished. This pathfinding book shows how Mexicans from 1910 through the 1950s interpreted the revolution, tried to make sense of it, and, through collective memory, myth-making, and history writing, invented an idea called "la Revolucion." In part one, Thomas Benjamin follows the historical development of different and often opposing revolutionary traditions and the state's efforts to forge them into one unified and unifying narrative. In part two, he examines ways of remembering the past and making it relevant to the present through fiestas, monuments, and official history. This research clarifies how the revolution has served to authorise and legitimise political factions and particular regimes to the present day. Beyond the Mexican case, it demonstrates how history is used to serve the needs of the present. Thomas Benjamin is Professor of Latin American History at Central Michigan University.

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Thomas Benjamin - La Revolucion, Mexico's Great Re volution as Memory, Myth, and History (2000) [PDF].rar

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Deborah Cadbury - Chocolate Wars, The 150-Year Riv alry Between the World's Greatest Chocolate Makers (2010).jpg

Historia21 - Deborah Cadbury - Chocolate Wars, The 150-Year Rivalry...lry Between the Worlds Greatest Chocolate Makers 2010.jpg

With a cast of characters that wouldn’t be out of place in a Victorian novel, Chocolate Wars tells the story of the great chocolatier dynasties, through the prism of the Cadburys. Chocolate was consumed unrefined and unprocessed as a rather bitter, fatty drink for the wealthy elite until the late 19th century, when the Swiss discovered a way to blend it with milk and unleashed a product that would conquer every market in the world.
Thereafter, one of the great global business rivalries unfolded as each chocolate maker attempted to dominate its domestic market and innovate new recipes for chocolate that would set it apart from its rivals. The contest was full of dramatic contradictions: The Cadburys were austere Quakers who found themselves making millions from an indulgent product; Kitty Hershey could hardly have been more flamboyant yet her husband was moved by the Cadburys tradition of philanthropy. Each was a product of their unique time and place yet they shared one thing: they want to make the best chocolate in the world.

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A. M. C. Waterman - Revolution, Economics and Reli gion, Christian Political Economy, 1798-1833 (2006 ).jpeg

This book is about the intellectual defense against the French Revolution and all "radical" ideas that was developed after Malthus' pioneering Essay on Population was published in 1798. A political economy was developed in the years following which, combined with Anglican theology, was able to discover a middle ground between ultra-Toryism and radical reform. Certain ideas fundamental to modern economics also emerged as a by-product. Professor Waterman's main purpose is to complete the story of the "intellectual repulse of the Revolution" by describing this ideological alliance of political economy and Christian theology. In doing so he supplies the "missing piece of the jigsaw" in early nineteenth-century English intellectual history.

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Sara E. Melzer - Rebel Daughters, Women and the Fr ench Revolution (1992).jpg

This interdisciplinary collection of essays examines the important and paradoxical relation between women and the French Revolution. Although the male leaders of the Revolution depended on the women's active militant participation, they denied to women the rights they helped to establish. At the same time that women were banned from the political sphere, "woman" was transformed into an allegorical figure which became the very symbol of (masculine) Liberty and Equality. This volume analyzes how the revolutionary process constructed a new gender system at the foundation of modern liberal culture.

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