The grand narrative of The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building is that of the essential continuity of the late Ottoman Empire with the Republic of Turkey that was founded in 1923. Erik Jan Zürcher shows that Kemal's "ideological toolkit," which included positivism, militarism, nationalism and a state-centred world view, was shared by many other Young Turks. Authoritarian rule, a one-party state, a legal framework based on European principles, advanced European-style bureaucracy, financial administration, military and educational reforms and state-control of Islam, can all be found in the late Ottoman Empire, as can policies of demographic engineering. The book focuses on the attempts of the Young Turks to save their empire through forced modernization as well as on the attempts of their Kemalist successors to build a strong national state. The decade of almost continuous warfare, ethnic conflict and forced migration between 1911 and 1922 forms the background to these attempts and accordingly occupies a central position in this volume.
This is a powerful history reflecting and contributing to the latest research from a leading historian of modern Turkey. It is essential for all readers interested in the history of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, and for an understanding of a key player in the politics of the Middle East and Europe.

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Erik J. Zurcher - The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building, From the Ottoman Empire to Ataturk's Tu rkey (2010).pdf

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Harry Harootunian - History's Disquiet (2002).jpg

Acclaimed historian Harry Harootunian calls attention to the boundaries, real and theoretical, that compartmentalize the world around us. In one of the first works to explore on equal footing European and Japanese conceptions of modernity -as imagined in the writings of Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin, as well as ethnologist Yanagita Kunio and Marxist philosopher Tosaka Jun -Harootunian seeks to expose the problematic nature of scholarly categories. In doing so, presents intellectual genealogies of such orthodox notions as "field" and "modernity" and other concepts intellectuals in the East and West have used to understand the changing world around them. Contrasting reflections on everyday life in Japan and Europe, Harootunian shows how responses to capitalist society were expressed in similar ways: social critics in both regions alleged a broad sense of alienation, particularly among the middle class. However, he also points out that Japanese critics viewed modernity as a condition in which Japan -without the lengthy period of capitalist modernization that characterized Europe and America -was either "catching up" with those regions or "copying" them. As elegantly written as it is controversial, this book is both an invitation for rethinking intellectual boundaries and an invigorating affirmation that such boundaries can indeed be broken down.

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Harry Harootunian - History's Disquiet (2002).pdf

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Thomas W. Burkman - Japan and the League of Nation s, Empire and World Order, 1914-1938 (2007).jpg

Japan joined the League of Nations in 1920 as a charter member and one of four permanent members of the League Council. Until conflict arose between Japan and the organization over the 1931 Manchurian Incident, the League was a centerpiece of Japan's policy to maintain accommodation with the Western powers. The picture of Japan as a positive contributor to international comity, however, is not the conventional view of the country in the early and mid-twentieth century. Rather, this period is usually depicted in Japan and abroad as a history of incremental imperialism and intensifying militarism, culminating in war in China and the Pacific. Even the Empire's interface with the League of Nations is typically addressed only at nodes of confrontation: the 1919 debates over racial equality as the Covenant was drafted, and the 1931-1933 League challenge to Japan's seizure of northeast China.
This volume fills in the space before, between, and after these nodes and gives the League relationship the legitimate place it deserves in Japanese international history of the 1920s and 1930s. It also argues that the Japanese cooperative international stance in the decades since the Pacific War bears noteworthy continuity with the mainstream international accommodationism of the League years. In Geneva affairs, Japan was no "silent partner." The Empire regularly sent to meetings of the League Assembly and Council its ranking diplomats in Europe. It had consequential input in the drafting of the Covenant and the Geneva Protocol, the formulation of disarmament concepts and plans, and the settlement of border disputes in Europe. This study is enlivened by the personalities and initiatives of Makino Nobuaki, Ishii Kikujirô, Nitobe Inazô, Matsuoka Yôsuke, and others in their Geneva roles. The League project ushered those it affected to world citizenship and inspired them to build bridges across boundaries and cultures. The author sheds new light on the meaning and content of internationalism in an era typically seen as a showcase for diplomatic autonomy and isolation. Well into the 1930s, the vestiges of international accommodationism among diplomats and intellectuals are clearly evident.
Japan and the League of Nations is based on exhaustive documentary inquiry into government documents and the unpublished manuscripts of Japanese diplomats and other League participants in Washington, London, and Geneva. Japanese diplomats, League functionaries, and journalists with League experience were interviewed in the early phase of the research. It is an entirely fresh look at Japan's international behavior in the shifting context of the interwar years, a drama that has long-term consequences.

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Thomas W. Burkman - Japan and the League of Nation s, Empire and World Order, 1914-1938 (2007).pdf

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Edgar Feuchtwanger - Disraeli (2000).jpg

An adventurer and charlatan? A clever rogue? Or perspicacious politician, founder of the modern British Conservative party? These different characterizations have all had their supporters: Disraeli rarely inspired indifference from his contemporaries, and later commentators have often mirrored these divergent evaluations.
By the time he at last became Prime Minister, in 1874, he was no longer the exotic, dandified figure who nearly forty years earlier had obtained protection from his creditors by the simple expedient of election to a seat in the House of Commons. But he was still a one-of-a-kind figure in Westminster politics, favorite of his monarch but distrusted or disliked by most of the members of his party.
Disraeli was a novelist as well as a politician, and he showed in his political life a novelist's command of the potent image and pregnant phrase. His speeches and writings remain memorable and influential. But any icon is open to manipulation and selective understanding, and Disraeli in particular has been claimed as a spiritual ancestor by an exceptionally diverse group of conservatives.
Edgar Feuchtwanger's lively new study does justice to Disraeli's controversial life and ambiguous political legacy, providing a portrait of one of the great personalities of the age as well as shedding light on key political developments of Victorian Britain.

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Edgar Feuchtwanger - Disraeli (2000).pdf

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D.George Boyce - Defenders of the Union, A Survey of British and Irish Unionism Since 1801 (2010).jpg

Defenders of the Union: A survey of British and Irish unionism since 1801 provides a comprehensive overview of the contentious politics of unionism and the effects it has had on the relationship between Britain and Ireland over the past two centuries. By considering the history of unionism, the Act of Union of 1801, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 and their aftermath, Defenders of the Union provides an essential guide to these historical events and the continuing legacies which they have created.
This book looks at the way the Union has affected Anglo-Irish and Catholic-Protestant relations and also considers its social, cultural and economic effects on Irish and British life.
Key aspects which are discussed include:
• definition of unionism
• establishment of the Union
• defending the Union
• Protestant Churches and opposition to home rule
• unionist literature
• loyalists since 1972
• unionism, Conservatism and the Anglo-Irish Agreement.

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D.George Boyce - Defenders of the Union, A Survey of British and Irish Unionism Since 1801 (2010).pdf

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Stefano Manacorda, Duncan Chappell - Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property (2011).jpg

Historia21 - Stefano Manacorda, Duncan Chappell - Crime in the Art ... World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property 2011.jpg

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Stefano Manacorda, Duncan Chappell - Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property (2011).pdf

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Stanley Mayes - The Great Belzoni, The Circus Stro ngman Who Discovered Egypt's Ancient Treasures (20 03).jpg

This is the extraordinary life story of Giovanni Belzoni: engineer, barber, monk, actor and strongman in a circus (where he earned his title "The Great Belzoni"), who became one of the giants of 19th century Egyptian Archaeology. Sometimes maligned as a tomb robber, he is perhaps the most important and yet least remembered explorer and archaeologist of the last two hundred years. Under seeming impossible conditions Belzoni transported the colossal granite head of Ramesses II from Thebes to England, where it is now one of the treasures of the British Museum. He went on to excavate the great temple of Abu Simbel, discover six major royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings, including that of Seti I, and provide the British Museum with a spectacular collection of Egyptian antiquities. Giovanni Belzoni was the first person to penetrate the heart of the second pyramid at Giza and the first European to visit the oasis of Siwah and discover the ruined city of Berenice on the Red Sea. His exhibitions and best-selling memoirs made him a major celebrity in Regency London, where he was a huge influence on the vogue for Egyptian style in art, design and architecture. In 1823, at the age of forty-five, Belzoni died of fever trying to reach the mysterious city of Timbuktu.

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G. J. Meyer - The Tudors, the complete story of En gland's most notorious dynasty (2010).jpg

For the first time in decades, here, in a single volume, is a fresh look at the fabled Tudor dynasty, comprising some of the most enigmatic figures ever to rule a country. Acclaimed historian G. J. Meyer reveals the flesh-and-bone reality in all its wild excess.
In 1485, young Henry Tudor, whose claim to the throne was so weak as to be almost laughable, crossed the English Channel from France at the head of a ragtag little army and took the crown from the family that had ruled England for almost four hundred years. Half a century later his son, Henry VIII, desperate to rid himself of his first wife in order to marry a second, launched a reign of terror aimed at taking powers no previous monarch had even dreamed of possessing. In the process he plunged his kingdom into generations of division and disorder, creating a legacy of blood and betrayal that would blight the lives of his children and the destiny of his country.
The boy king Edward VI, a fervent believer in reforming the English church, died before bringing to fruition his dream of a second English Reformation. Mary I, the disgraced daughter of Catherine of Aragon, tried and failed to reestablish the Catholic Church and produce an heir. And finally came Elizabeth I, who devoted her life to creating an image of herself as Gloriana the Virgin Queen but, behind that mask, sacrificed all chance of personal happiness in order to survive.
The Tudors weaves together all the sinners and saints, the tragedies and triumphs, the high dreams and dark crimes, that reveal the Tudor era to be, in its enthralling, notorious truth, as momentous and as fascinating as the fictions audiences have come tolove.

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 309 - David Nicolle - Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935-36 (1997).jpg

In October 1935 Mussolini ordered the invasion of Ethiopia from Italian-held Eritrea and Somaliland, thinking that he would easily crush an ill-prepared and badly equipped enemy. The Italians, in the face of widespread condemnation from the League of Nations, spread terror and destruction through their indiscriminate use of air power and poison gas against an enemy more used to medieval methods of warfare. David Nicolle examines in detail the units, equipment and uniforms of the forces on both sides of this conflict that unrealistically bolstered Il Duce’s colonial ambitions. A great read ably supported by Raffaele Ruggeri’s detailed full-page colour plates.

Contents
Introduction · Chronology · The Ethiopian Army · The Italian Army · Glossary · Further Reading · The Plates

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 309 - David Nicolle - Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935-36 (1997).pdf

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Richard Ballard - The Unseen Terror, The French Re volution in the Provinces (2010).jpg

From the fall of the Bastille to the rise of Napoleon, Paris was the stage for most of the greatest crises of the French Revolution. Indeed, for many historians, the Revolution was a distinctly Parisian phenomenon, restricted to the galleries of the Tuileries and the chambers of the Jacobin Club. But Paris was only one setting for a national terror which was frequently and painfully felt outside the capital. What happened during these momentous years beyond Paris? How did the revolution spread from the capital and how did it affect people living in the provinces?
Drawing on newly discovered and unpublished sources which cast fresh light on the lives of everyday men and women caught up in the revolutionary ferment, ‘The Unseen Terror’ vividly portrays the impact of revolution in the French provinces. Focusing on the Charente-Maritime department on the west coast, Richard Ballard explores the course of the Revolution outside the palaces and prisons of the capital, reclaiming the pivotal but long-neglected stories of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary tensions in the French countryside.
‘The Unseen Terror’ offers many illuminating insights into how and why the revolution took hold so far away from the French capital. It offers a unique glimpse of the violent events of the Revolution ‘from below’ and is a rich and important contribution to a fuller understanding of French history.

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Uniformology CD-2004-21 - The Turkish Army of 1812 from the book by Thomas McLean published in 1815 (2004).jpg

Historia21 - Uniformology CD-2004-21 - The Turkish Army of 1812 fro...from the book by Thomas McLean published in 1815 2004.jpg

This rare set of prints is almost legendary among scholars of the military uniform. These prints were made from actual watercolor paintings of the subjects in Turkey by an itinerant French painter named de Molleville. One wonders if he were perhaps a spy sent by Napoleon to assess the military might of Turkey? No doubt it was one of the most formidable military powers of the time.

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Uniformology CD-2004-21 - The Turkish Army of 1812 from the book by Thomas McLean published in 1815 (2004).pdf

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Uniformology CD-2004-38 - Knötel's European Armies of the 18th Century Vol.II (2004).jpg

Historia21 - Uniformology CD-2004-38 - Kntels European Armies of the 18th Century Vol.II 2004.jpg

Fränkisher Kreis; France; Goslar; Hamburg; Hannover; Hessen Darmstadt; Hessen Kassel; Köln, Electorate; Köln, Free State; Leipzig; Lübeck; Mainz; Holland; Nürnburg; Pfalz; Poland; Republic of Ragusa; Regensburg; Saxony; Sardinia; Schaumburg-Lippe; Schwabischer Kreis; Sweden; Switzerland; Württemburg.

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Uniformology CD-2004-38 - Knötel's European Armies of the 18th Century Vol.II (2004).pdf

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Diane Purkiss - Literature, Gender and Politics Du ring the English Civil War (2010).jpg

In this innovative study, first published in 2005, Diane Purkiss illuminates the role of gender in the English Civil War by focusing on ideas of masculinity, rather than on the role of women, which has hitherto received more attention. Historians have tended to emphasise a model of human action in the Civil War based on the idea of the human self as rational animal.
Purkiss reveals the irrational ideological forces governing the way seventeenth-century writers understood the state, the monarchy, the battlefield and the epic hero in relation to contested contemporary ideas of masculinity. She analyses the writings of Marvell, Waller, Herrick and the Caroline elegists, as well as in newsbooks and pamphlets, and pays particular attention to Milton's complex responses to the dilemmas of male identity. This study will appeal to scholars of seventeenth-century literature as well as those working in intellectual history and the history of gender.

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Elsbeth Locher-Scholten - Women and the Colonial S tate, Essays on Gender and Modernity in the Nether lands Indies 1900-1942 (2004).jpg

Historia21 - Elsbeth Locher-Scholten - Women and the Colonial Stat...nd Modernity in the Netherlands Indies 1900-1942 2004.jpg

Woman and the Colonial State deals with the ambiguous relationship between women of both the European and the Indonesian population and the colonial state in the former Netherlands Indies in the first half of the twentieth century. Based on new data from a variety of sources: colonial archives, journals, household manuals, children's literature, and press surveys, it analyses the women-state relationship by presenting five empirical studies on subjects, in which women figured prominently at the time: Indonesian labour, Indonesian servants in colonial homes, Dutch colonial fashion and food, the feminist struggle for the vote and the intense debate about monogamy of and by women at the end of the 1930s. An introductory essay combines the outcomes of the case studies and relates those to debates about Orientalism, the construction of whiteness, and to questions of modernity and the colonial state formation.

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Elsbeth Locher-Scholten - Women and the Colonial S tate, Essays on Gender and Modernity in the Nether lands Indies 1900-1942 (2004).pdf

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Faidra Papanelopoulou, Agusti Nieto-Galan, Enrique Perdriguero - Popularizing Science and Technology in the European Periphery, 1800-2000 (2009).jpg

Historia21 - Faidra Papanelopoulou, Agusti Nieto-Galan, Enrique Per... Technology in the European Periphery, 1800-2000 2009.jpg

The vast majority of European countries have never had a Newton, Pasteur or Einstein. Therefore a historical analysis of their scientific culture must be more than the search for great luminaries. Studies of the ways science and technology were communicated to the public in countries of the European periphery can provide a valuable insight into the mechanisms of the appropriation of scientific ideas and technological practices across the continent. The contributors to this volume each take as their focus the popularization of science in countries on the margins of Europe, who in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries may be perceived to have had a weak scientific culture.A variety of scientific genres and forums for presenting science in the public sphere are analysed, including botany and women, teaching and popularizing physics and thermodynamics, scientific theatres, national and international exhibitions, botanical and zoological gardens, popular encyclopaedias, popular medicine and astronomy, and genetics in the press. Each topic is situated firmly in its historical and geographical context, with local studies of developments in Spain, Portugal, Hungary, Denmark, Belgium and Sweden. "Popularizing Science and Technology in the European Periphery" provides us with a fascinating insight into the history of science in the public sphere and will contribute to a better understanding of the circulation of scientific knowledge.

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Gelina Harlaftis - The New Ways of History, Develo pments in Historiography (2010).jpg

This wide-ranging overview of recent trends and the changing agenda of historical questions compares new approaches--chronological, thematic, regional--not only in the various historical fields such as ancient, medieval, modern and early modern history, political, social, economic and business history, maritime history, diaspora history and gender history; but also for human history as a whole. The result will be essential reading for all those concerned with current developments in historiography.

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Gelina Harlaftis - The New Ways of History, Develo pments in Historiography (2010).pdf

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James A. Aho - Religious Mythology and the Art of War, Comparative Religious Symbolisms of Military Violence (1981).jpg

Historia21 - James A. Aho - Religious Mythology and the Art of War...rative Religious Symbolisms of Military Violence 1981.jpg

Aho analyzes the rituals and practices associated with holy war in the context of the cult mythology, written prescriptions, and the historical record....An important scholarly contribution.

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James A. Aho - Religious Mythology and the Art of War, Comparative Religious Symbolisms of Military Violence (1981).pdf

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 239 - John M D Pohl - Aztec M ixtec Zapotec Armies (1991).jpg

Details the army of Mexico from the collapse of the Classic centres in around 850AD until the arrival of the Spanish armies around 1520, including the Aztecs, Toltecs and their enemies. Between 1000BC and 900AD the peoples of Mexico and Central America developed and shared cultural traits which made them outstanding among the civilizations of the New World from the rise of the Maya cities in the lowland jungles to the highland Mexican capitals of Teotihuacan, Cholula and Monte Alban. This book details the emergence of the new Mexican nation called the Aztec Empire of the Triple Alliance in 1450AD. It examines the people and enemies of this nation which made themselves the most powerful and feared civilization in the Americas.

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