There can be no doubt about the enduring significance and the immense historical impact of the national question, yet its economic dimension has been little examined. This volume deals with the national question in the light of economic change in the twentieth-century, and contains twenty studies by a team of distinguished authors on nations and nationalities spanning Europe from Ireland to Russia and from Greece to Estonia. The volume will aid our understanding of the modern national question against the changing economic, social and political background.

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Alice Teichova, Herbert Matis, Jaroslav Pátek - Ec onomic Change and the National Question in Twentie th-Century Europe (2001).pdf

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Z. Hirji - Diversity and Pluralism in Islam; Histo rical and Contemporary Discourses amongst Muslims (2010).jpg

For more than fourteen hundred years Muslims have held multiple and diverging views about their religious tradition. This divergence encompasses such matters as authority; ritual practice; political power; law and governance; civic life; and the form and content of individual and communal expressions of their faith. Over the centuries Muslims have regularly debated these issues amongst themselves. However, despite the remarkable diversity of the Islamic tradition, and the plurality of understandings about Islam, Muslims are regularly and erroneously portrayed as internally homogeneous and dogmatic. This important book challenges such propositions by examining the ways in which matters of common concern to Muslims have been discussed by them and examined. The volume explores the processes by which Muslims construct notions of the self, the other and community, and addresses the socio-cultural tools that they employ in so doing. Offering contributions by world-class scholars, Diversity and Pluralism in Islam applies insights from a range of disciplines, including anthropology, history, literature, political theory, comparative literature and Islamic studies. It will be of extensive interest to scholars and students in these fields, as well as to all those with a serious interest in Muslim societies and cultures.

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Z. Hirji - Diversity and Pluralism in Islam; Histo rical and Contemporary Discourses amongst Muslims (2010).pdf

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John Stillwell - Mathematics and Its History (2010 ).jpg

"The author’s goal for Mathematics and its History is to provide a “bird’s-eye view of undergraduate mathematics.” (p. vii) In that regard it succeeds admirably. ... Mathematics and its History is a joy to read. The writing is clear, concise and inviting. The style is very different from a traditional text. ... The author has done a wonderful job of tying together the dominant themes of undergraduate mathematics. ... While Stillwell does a wonderful job of tying together seemingly unrelated areas of mathematics, it is possible to read each chapter independently. I would recommend this fine book for anyone who has an interest in the history of mathematics. For those who teach mathematics, it provides lots of information which could easily be used to enrich an opening lecture in most any undergraduate course. It would be an ideal gift for a department’s outstanding major or for the math club president. Pick it up at your peril — it is hard to put down!"

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5,7 MB
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John Stillwell - Mathematics and Its History (2010 ).pdf

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Miriam L. Wallace - Enlightening Romanticism, Roma ncing the Enlightenment; British Novels from 1750 to 1832 (2009).jpg

Historia21 - Miriam L. Wallace - Enlightening Romanticism, Romanci...e Enlightenment British Novels from 1750 to 1832 2009.jpg

As eighteenth-century scholarship expands its range, and disciplinary boundaries such as Enlightenment and Romanticism are challenged, novels published during the rich period from 1750 to 1832 have become a contested site of critical overlap. In this volume, scholars who typically write under the rubric of either the long eighteenth century or Romanticism examine novels often claimed by both scholarly periods. This shared enterprise opens new and rich discussions of novels and novelistic concerns by creating dialogue across scholarly boundaries. Dominant narratives, critical approaches, and methodological assumptions differ in important ways, but these differences reveal a productive tension. Among the issues engaged are the eighteenth-century novel's development of emotional interiority, including theories of melancholia; the troubling heritage of the epistolary novel for the 1790s radical novel; tensions between rationality and romantic affect; issues of aesthetics and politics; and constructions of gender, genre, and race. Rather than positing a simple opposition between an eighteenth-century Enlightenment of rationality, propriety, and progress and a Romantic Period of inspiration, heroic individualism, and sublime emotionality, these essays trace the putatively 'Romantic' in the early 1700s as well as the long legacy of 'Enlightenment' values and ideas well into the nineteenth century. The volume concludes with responses from Patricia Meyer Spacks and Stephen C. Behrendt, who situate the essays and elaborate on the stakes.

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Miriam L. Wallace - Enlightening Romanticism, Roma ncing the Enlightenment; British Novels from 1750 to 1832 (2009).pdf

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Patricia Juarez-Dappe - When Sugar Ruled; Economy and Society in Northwestern Argentina, Tucuman, 18 76-1916 (2010).jpg

Historia21 - Patricia Juarez-Dappe - When Sugar Ruled Economy and ...ty in Northwestern Argentina, Tucuman, 1876-1916 2010.jpg

Two tropical commodities—coffee and sugar—dominated Latin American export economies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. When Sugar Ruled presents a distinctive case that does not quite fit into the pattern of many Latin American sugar economies. Tucumán’s sugar industry catered exclusively to the needs of the expanding national market and was financed mostly by domestic capital. The expansion of sugar production did not produce massive land dispossession as sugar mills relied on outside growers for the supply of a large share of the sugarcane. The arrival of thousands of workers from neighboring provinces transformed rural society profoundly. As the most dynamic sector in Tucumán’s economy, revenues from sugar enabled the provincial government to participate in the modernizing movement that was sweeping turn-of-the-century Argentina. When Sugar Ruled uncovers the unique features that characterized sugar production in Tucumán as well as the changes experienced by the province’s economy and society between 1876 and 1916, the period of most dramatic sugar expansion.

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10,5 MB
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Patricia Juarez-Dappe - When Sugar Ruled; Economy and Society in Northwestern Argentina, Tucuman, 18 76-1916 (2010).pdf

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Susan A. Spectorsky - Women in Classical Islamic L aw (2009).jpg

Drawing on legal and hadith texts from the formative and classical periods of Islamic legal history, this book offers an overview of the questions prominent jurists asked and answered when they thought about women's issues. All assumed a woman would marry and thus the book concentrates on women's family life. The introduction establishes the historical framework within which the jurists worked. A chapter on Qur'an verses devoted to women's lives is followed by chapters on marriage and divorce which compare the views of jurists during the formative period. The fourth chapter describes the evolution from the formative to the classical periods. The fifth uses material from both periods to describe the array of legal opinion about other aspects of women's lives in and outside their homes. Throughout, jurists' opinions are juxtaposed with relevant quotations from contemporaneous hadith collections.

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Cheikh Anta Babou - Fighting the Greater Jihad; Am adu Bamba and the Founding of the Muridiyya of Sen egal, 1853-1913 (2007).jpg

Historia21 - Cheikh Anta Babou - Fighting the Greater Jihad Amadu ... Founding of the Muridiyya of Senegal, 1853-1913 2007.jpg

In Senegal, the Muridiyya, a large Islamic Sufi order, is the single most influential religious organization, including among its numbers the nation’s president. Yet little is known of this sect in the West. Drawn from a wide variety of archival, oral, and iconographic sources in Arabic, French, and Wolof, Fighting the Greater Jihad offers an astute analysis of the founding and development of the order and a biographical study of its founder, Cheikh Amadu Bamba Mbacke.
Cheikh Anta Babou explores the forging of Murid identity and pedagogy around the person and initiative of Amadu Bamba as well as the continuing reconstruction of this identity by more recent followers. He makes a compelling case for reexamining the history of Muslim institutions in Africa and elsewhere in order to appreciate believers’ motivation and initiatives, especially religious culture and education, beyond the narrow confines of political collaboration and resistance.
Fighting the Greater Jihad also reveals how religious power is built at the intersection of genealogy, knowledge, and spiritual force, and how this power in turn affected colonial policy.
Fighting the Greater Jihad will dramatically alter the perspective from which anthropologists, historians, and political scientists study Muslim mystical orders.

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10,7 MB
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Cheikh Anta Babou - Fighting the Greater Jihad; Am adu Bamba and the Founding of the Muridiyya of Sen egal, 1853-1913 (2007).pdf

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Deborah Baumgold - Contract Theory in Historical C ontet (2010).jpg

CONTENTS
Preface ............................ ix
Abbreviations ............................ xvii

PART I
AN ANCIEN REGIME QUESTION: RESISTANCE
Chapter One Hobbes’s and Locke’s Contract Theories:
Political not Metaphysical ......................................... 3
Chapter Two Pacifying Politics: Resistance, Violence, and
Accountability in Seventeenth-Century Contract Theory ...... 27

PART II
AN ANCIEN REGIME HORIZON: PARTICULARITY
AND UNIVERSALITY
Chapter Three When Hobbes Needed History ......................... 53
Chapter Four Hobbesian Absolutism and the Paradox in
Modern Contractarianism .............................. 75

PART III
ANCIEN REGIME BOOKS: SERIAL COMPOSITION
Chapter Five h e Composition of Hobbes’s Elements of Law 105
Chapter Six The Dificulties of Hobbes Interpretation ............ 135

AFTERWORD
Chapter Seven Afterword: Theorists of the Absolutist
State .....................................169
Bibliography ....................................... 181
Index ..............................189

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Allen J. Fromherz - The Almohads; The Rise of an I slamic Empire (2010).jpg

How did an obscure Islamic visionary found an empire? The Almohad Empire at its zenith in the 12th century was the major power in the Mediterranean and North Africa, ruling a huge region from the Atlas Mountains to Andalusia. Effective administration was backed by military force, and the empire was the seat of a 12th-century renaissance in the fortunes of Islamic power in North Africa and the western Muslim world. The effect on the culture of both the Middle East and Europe was to prove lasting.
Allen Fromherz, drawing on medieval Arabic and Berber sources, analyzes the myth and history surrounding the rise of the Almohad Empire. He shows how Muhammad Ibn Tumart, the son of a minor Berber tribal chief, set off on his mission to reform Islam, then at a low point in its history, battered by the crusades, having lost Jerusalem and been undermined by weak spiritual and political leadership. Muhammad Ibn Tumart was proclaimed Mahdi -- one who would herald the golden age of Islam -- provided charismatic leadership, unwavering adherence to a fundamentalist monotheistic Islam enforced by holy war, established tribal unity, effective administration and a formidable military force. Here were the sinews of the empire's power and the base for lasting political and cultural influence in the Middle East and Europe.

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Hans Hagerdal - Responding to the West; Essays on Colonial Domination and Asian Agency (2009).jpg

The international contributors to this penetrating volume apply fresh perspectives and new methodologies to the Asian colonial experience, from the eighteenth century through the post World War II decolonization. Historiography, gender, military studies, finance, and issues of race and class all feature in this wide-ranging account of the diversity of human relationships forged by the colonial presence. For all of its features of structural oppression, colonialism was not a one-way communicative process, as this volume demonstrates through its analysis of the ever-shifting roles of colonizer and colonized.

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Hans Hagerdal - Responding to the West; Essays on Colonial Domination and Asian Agency (2009).pdf

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Karen Armstrong - A Short History of Myth (2006).jpg

In this essay, superpopular religion historian Armstrong (Islam: A Short History, 2000) fastens the attributes of myth to the major chronological categories of human history. At each transition from the Paleolithic to scientific eras, she argues that a mythical conception of natural forces has drifted ever further from interpretation in pragmatic and logical terms, such that myth in modern times is a beleaguered species of fiction. To Armstrong this state reflects a profound misunderstanding of what myth is and does. Defining it as an art form that, on the assumption of the existence of an invisible realm of reality, protects one against the despair arising from the limitations of the tactile world (death in particular), Armstrong relates how mythology has historically been reformulated.

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Gordon Williamson - The Iron Cross; A History, 181 3-1957 (1985).jpg

This book, published in 1984, is one of the first to actually focus on a specific award. In this case it's the Iron Cross; a German award that is possibly the most recognizable medal in the world (along with the Purple Heart and, perhaps, the Medal of Honor).

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Gordon Williamson - The Iron Cross; A History, 181 3-1957 (1985).pdf

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Jennie Batchelor - Women and Material Culture, 166 0-1830 (2007).jpg

Women and Material Culture comprises twelve illustrated, interdisciplinary essays on gender and material culture across the long eighteenth century. Written by an international group of scholars working in the fields of visual culture, dress history and literary criticism, these essays point to the manifold ways in which gender mediated and was shaped by the consumption and production of goods (from clothing and artworks to books) and elucidate the complex, shifting relationships between material and social practice in the period.

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Jennie Batchelor - Women and Material Culture, 166 0-1830 (2007).pdf

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Saree Makdisi - The Arabian Nights in Historical C ontext; Between East and West (2009).jpg

Alf layla wa layla (known in English as A Thousand and One Nights or The Arabian Nights) changed the world on a scale unrivalled by any other literary text. Inspired by a fourteenth-century Syrian manuscript, the appearance of Antoine Galland's twelve-volume Mille et Une Nuits in English translation (1704-1717), closely followed by the Grub Street English edition, drew the text into European circulation. Over the following three hundred years, a widely heterogeneous series of editions, compilations, translations, and variations circled the globe to reveal the absorption of The Arabian Nights into English, Continental, and global literatures, and its transformative return to modern Arabic literature, where it now enjoys a degree of prominence that it had never attained during the classical period. Beginning with a thorough introduction situating The Arabian Nights in its historical and cultural contexts-and offering a fresh examination of the text's multiple locations in the long history of modern Orientalism--this collection of essays by noted scholars from "East," "West," and in-between reassesses the influence of the Nights in Enlightenment and Romantic literature, as well as the text's vigorous afterlife in the contemporary Arabic novel.

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Saree Makdisi - The Arabian Nights in Historical C ontext; Between East and West (2009).pdf

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World History - Charles George, Linda George - May a Civilization (2010).jpg

The introduction to this fine series asks the same question that many students ask: Why do we have to learn about history? It's even honest when it says that most young people aren't satisfied with the usual answer about learning lessons from the past. A more engaging idea is that history is about stories, and here the series shines as it provides contemporaneous writing as well as work by scholars that offer plenty of drama and lots of facts, too. The mysteries described in Maya Civilization are manifold, but because of intensive research into the Maya culture, the puzzle pieces are now falling into place. The series provides a solid time line, plenty of photographs, sourced quotes, and a list of books and websites for further investigation. Excellent for reports and research. Grades 7-10.

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10,1 MB
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World History - Charles George, Linda George - May a Civilization (2010).pdf

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Edward E. McCullough - How the First World War Beg an, The Triple Entente and the Coming of the Great War of 1914-1918 (1999).jpg

Historia21 - Edward E. McCullough - How the First World War Began, ...nte and the Coming of the Great War of 1914-1918 1999.jpg

The current dogma concerning the origins of the First World War supports the militarist myth that wars are caused by stupid, evil, aggressive nations on the other side of the world who refuse to get along with the intelligent, good, peaceful people on this side.

This book attempts to understand the real causes of war and to dissociate propaganda from historical fact. By reviewing the events of the pre-1914 period, the responsibility of Germany for the outbreak of the war is reconsidered.

It begins with a short account of the situation after the Franco-Prussian War, when France was isolated and Germany secure in the friendship of all the other Great Powers, and proceeds to describe how France created an anti-German coalition. The account of the estrangement of England from Germany attempts to correct the usual pro-British prejudice and to explain the real causes of this development. The centrepiece of the work is the creation of the Triple Entente.

This book is unique in its positive approach to the German Empire of 1871-1918.

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Edward E. McCullough - How the First World War Beg an, The Triple Entente and the Coming of the Great War of 1914-1918 (1999).pdf

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Ralph Payne-Gallwey - The Book of the Crossbow (19 95).jpg

The all-time bestseller with a first edition as far back as 1903, later to appear with the 1907 appendix, was written by an amateur (in the true sense of the word) of archery who apparently had an unlimited source of money and time, but only modest background in physics. Along with the history of the crossbow, detailed accounts of the construction and maintenance of various crossbows designed for bolts and bullets are given. Related and/or relevant medieval weapon, like longbow, ballista and arquebus, are also treated in some detail, and the 1907 appendix on turkish bows serves to give a most interesting contrast to european archery of the epoch. This said, it must be stressed that on the whole it is a very fine piece of work, made by a historian rather than an engineer, a book without a match for almost a century, and certainly well worth recommending.

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Ralph Payne-Gallwey - The Book of the Crossbow (19 95).pdf

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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