The author seems to be primarily engaged in trying to debunk three myths: (1) that Gen. Abner Doubleday invented the game, (2) that the real inventor was Alexander J. Cartwright of the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, and (3) that the game developed from the English game of rounders.

For the first, there has already been so much evidence that Doubleday had nothing in particular to do with baseball, so it would seem there was little more that could be said, except that, in fact, the author finds out some interesting evidence that he believes to be the main reason that A. G. Spalding might have favored Doubleday's claim-- that Spalding and Doubleday were both adherents of the same religious cult!

Regarding the Cartwright claim, the author has much less to say. He accepts that the Knickerbocker Rules were an important step in the development of baseball, but in addition he states that there is evidence that Cartwright's role in developing those rules was less significant than has been believed. And he shows that organized baseball games occured before the adoption of the Knickerbocker Rules.

It is in debunking the third "myth," I think, where the author strains to do something undeserved. So the name "rounders" does not seem to have been used prior to the nineteenth century. But the author admits that "rounders" was simply a name that has come to be assigned to an earlier English game, and that baseball developed from that game. The difference between that and the "myth" he is trying to debunk is minimal. If you really think it makes a difference between saying "baseball developed from rounders" and "baseball evolved from a number of games, but the most important was the game now known in England as 'rounders,'" you can accept this book's argument. I don't see it that way; to me "developed from rounders" and "developed from the game now known as rounders" are not significantly different

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David Block - Baseball Before We Knew It, A Search For The Roots Of The Game (2005).pdf

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Howard Zinn - A People's History of the United Sta tes, 1492-Present (2003).jpg

The information that Columbus wanted most was: Where is the gold? He had persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance an expedition to the lands, the wealth, he expected would be on the other side of the Atlantic-the Indies and Asia, gold and spices. For, like other informed people of his time, he knew the world was round and he could sail west in order to get to the Far East. Spain was recently unified, one of the new modern nation-states, like France, England, and Portugal. Its population, mostly poor peasants, worked for the nobility, who were 2 percent of the population and owned 95 percent of the land. Spain had tied itself to the Catholic Church, expelled all the Jews, driven out the Moors. Like other states of the modern world, Spain sought gold, which was becoming the new mark of wealth, more useful than land because it could buy anything.

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Kathleen Deagan - Columbus’s Qutpost among the Tai nos (2002).jpg

In December 1493, Christopher Columbus and his weary fleet of seventeen ships limped into the Bay of Isabela after nearly three months at sea. “I was at a point,” wrote Columbus some years later, “from which I could no longer retreat or proceed with the ships, but had to unload them there and establish a settlement.”1 From this inauspicious beginning, the first European town in America was established, built on a dream of gold and wealth through trade. Columbus named it La Isabela, after the queen of Spain.

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Kathleen Deagan - Columbus’s Qutpost among the Tai nos (2002).pdf

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Reginald Laubin - Indian Dances of North America, Their Importance in Indian Life (1989).jpg

Descriptions of the dances, costumes, body decorations, and musical accompaniment supplement information on the cultural background of Indian dancing.

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Reginald Laubin - Indian Dances of North America, Their Importance in Indian Life (1989).rar

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Richard Winship Stewart (Editor) - American Milita ry History, Volume I, The United States Army and t he Forging of a Nation, 1775-1917 (2005).jpg

01 - USA - Richard Winship Stewart Editor - American Military Hist...tates Army and the Forging of a Nation, 1775-1917 2005.jpg

For over a third of a century, the U.S. Army has tried in a systematic way to inculcate in its officers and soldiers an awareness of our nation's military past and to demonstrate to them that the study of military history is an essential ingredient in leadership development. Military history education, as this effort is called, has been a principal mission of the Center of Military History. Of all the many studies and special projects published by the Center in pursuit of this mission, none is more directly related to the education of young officers than American Military History, a volume first published in 1956 as a textbook for the senior ROTC courses.

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Richard Winship Stewart (Editor) - American Milita ry History, Volume I, The United States Army and t he Forging of a Nation, 1775-1917 (2005).pdf

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Walter Breen's Encyclopedia of United States and C olonial Proof Coins 1722-1977(1977).jpg

энциклопедии монет Соединенных Штатов, приводиться всесторонняя информация о монетах с 1722 по 1977 гг. Приводятся иллюстрации и данные по каждой монете. Существует полный глоссарий терминов, дана библиография по теме. Данное издание можно назвать базовым для всех, кто начал серьезно интересоваться данной темой нумизматики.

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Walter Breen's Encyclopedia of United States and C olonial Proof Coins 1722-1977(1977).pdf

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Will Troyer - Into Brown Bear Country (2005).jpg

"With the passion of a poet and the precision of a topnotch professional, biologist Will Troyer verbally sculpts an exceptionally accurate and eloquent depiction of one of Alaska's most magnificent‹and often misunderstood‹creatures. Reading it should be required of all who venture into bear country and relished even by those who would rather not." ‹Jay Hammond, author and former governor of Alaska

"Will Troyer is Alaska's 'brown bear man.' This important book is gracefully written and loaded with engrossing details about the lives of these fascinating giants." ‹Jim Rearden, former field editor of Outdoor Life and author of Jim Rearden's Alaska

Bears are North America's most complex and controversial predator, both loved and hated for their majesty and power. Will Troyer's introduction to the natural history of Alaska's brown bears is both enchanting and informative, told with the objectivity of a biologist, the resonant voice of an outdoorsman who has spent decades in bear society, and breathtaking photography.

Troyer was a pioneer in the study of brown bears. Convinced that scientific research was the only antidote to widespread fear and misinformation about one of Alaska's largest predators, he gathered data with primitive equipment and endured hair-raising adventures. His career spanned dramatic changes in approaches to bear management that ranged from extermination to conservation, a history of human-bear interactions that he recounts with unusual insight and first-hand knowledge. Troyer offers a holistic description of bear biology and behavior, an account of bear-human interactions, and practical advice for viewing and photographing bears.

Into Brown Bear Country offers an intimate, realistic view of the lives of Alaska's coastal bears. Entertaining and readable, it will be enjoyed by all readers of nature literature and is an essential starting point for anyone visiting bear country.

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Will Troyer - Into Brown Bear Country (2005).pdf

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Carole A. Barrett, Harvey J. Markowitz - American Indian Culture (2004).jpg

Twenty separate essays cover both "Architecture" and "Arts and Crafts" in the ten North American culture areas: the Arctic, California, the Great Basin, the Northeast, the Northwest Coast, the Plains, the Plateau, the Southeast, the Southwest, and the Subarctic. In other entries, students will find everything from brief discussions of the importance of acorns or wild rice to a survey of agriculture; from a history of the atlatl to an essay on weapons in general; from entries on major dance forms (such as the Ghost Dance, the Sun Dance, or the Buffalo Dance) to overviews of religions. Although the emphasis is on the traditional cultural heritage of North American indigenous peoples, modern social trends are surveyed and analyzed as well: such essays cover alcoholism, the impact of disease (both pre-contact and post-contact), education, family life, current demography, gaming, tourism, and urban Indians.

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Carole A. Barrett, Harvey J. Markowitz - American Indian Culture (2004).pdf

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Osprey - Campaign 209 - Jon Latimer - Niagara 1814 , The Final Invasion (2009).jpg

.The War of 1812 has the strange distinction of being largely forgotten by both of its main participants, and yet its outcome was critically important to the future of North America. In 1814, the Americans launched a last offensive in an attempt to seize Canada. This Niagara campaign saw a number of pitched battles including Chippawa, Lundy’s Lane, and Cook’s Mill, where the Americans, under competent leaders such as Winfield Scott, matched the British shot for shot. However, due to poor planning the campaign failed and Canada survived as an independent state. A critically-acclaimed researcher on the War of 1812, author John Latimer presents a new look at an oft forgotten yet crucially important campaign in the history of North America.

Review:

"Overall, this is a well written volume, which would be a useful addition to any collection on that period, providing the reader with a large breadth of information in a very digestible format. The colour maps and illustrations are very clear and enhance the text."

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Leslie Poynor, Paula M. Wolfe - Marketing Fear in America's Public Schools, The Real War on Literacy (2004).jpg

We begin and end this book with chapters on resistance to the agendas of the corporate and political right. In chapter two, Carole Edelsky provocatively outlines both the problem of and the resistance to the marketing of fear being perpetuated by the corporate and political right. She uncovers how teachers known for their critical, holistic practice are dealing with the current context—a context that she characterizes as the "new McCarthyism." She illuminates how as with the original McCarthyism, this new version too includes witch hunts, blacklists, secrecy, spying, strong curbs on dissent, the loss of constitutionally designed checks and balances, and the key roles played by and favoring corporate interests. Edelsky intervii views teachers who see themselves and are seen by others as critical holistic teachers to ask them variations on this question: How have they accommodated, resisted, ignored, and given in to these assaults on their professional autonomy and on education for democracy? This chapter serves as both an introduction and overview of how the climate of fear is created and how it is being resisted.

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Leslie Poynor, Paula M. Wolfe - Marketing Fear in America's Public Schools, The Real War on Literacy (2004).pdf

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Scott A. Sandage - Born Losers, A History of Failu re in America (2006).jpg

What makes somebody a Loser, a person doomed to unfulfilled dreams and humiliation? Nobody is born to lose, and yet failure embodies our worst fears. The Loser is our national bogeyman, and his history over the past two hundred years reveals the dark side of success, how economic striving reshaped the self and soul of America.

From colonial days to the Columbine tragedy, Scott Sandage explores how failure evolved from a business loss into a personality deficit, from a career setback to a gauge of our self-worth. From hundreds of private diaries, family letters, business records, and even early credit reports, Sandage reconstructs the dramas of real-life Willy Lomans. He unearths their confessions and denials, foolish hopes and lost faith, sticking places and changing times. Dreamers, suckers, and nobodies come to life in the major scenes of American history, like the Civil War and the approach of big business, showing how the national quest for success remade the individual ordeal of failure.

Born Losers is a pioneering work of American cultural history, which connects everyday attitudes and anxieties about failure to lofty ideals of individualism and salesmanship of self. Sandage's storytelling will resonate with all of us as it brings to life forgotten men and women who wrestled with The Loser--the label and the experience--in the days when American capitalism was building a nation of winners.

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Scott A. Sandage - Born Losers, A History of Failu re in America (2006).pdf

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L. Britt Snider - The Agency And The Hill, The CIA 's Relationship With Congress, 1946-2004 (2008).jpg

This is a study of the CIA's relationship with Congress. It encompasses the period from the creation of the Agency until 2004-the era of the DCIs (directors of central intelligence) . This study is not organized as one might expect. It does not describe what occurred between the Agency and Congress in chronological order nor does it purport to describe every interaction that occurred over the period encompassed by the study. Rather it attempts to describe what the relationship was like over time and then look at what it produced in seven discrete areas. The principal objective in undertaking this study was not so much to describe as to explain-to write something that would help CIA employees better understand the Agency's relationship with Congress, not only to help them appreciate the past but to provide a guide to the future.

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L. Britt Snider - The Agency And The Hill, The CIA 's Relationship With Congress, 1946-2004 (2008).pdf

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Gregory A. Freeman - The Forgotten 500, The Untold Story of the Men Who Risked All for the Greatest Rescue Mission ofWorld War II (2008).jpg

01 - USA - Gregory A. Freeman - The Forgotten 500, The Untold Stor...ll for the Greatest Rescue Mission ofWorld War II 2008.jpg

Now in paperback—the “amazing”( James Bradley, New York Times bestselling author of Flags of Our Fathers) never-before-told story of the greatest escape of the Second World War.

In 1944 the OSS set out to recover more than 500 downed airmen trapped behind enemy lines in Yugoslavia. Classified for over half a century for political reasons, the full account of this unforgettable story of loyalty, self-sacrifice, and bravery is now being told for the first time.

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Dan Flory - Philosophy, Black Film, Film Noir (200 8).jpg

In the past two decades, African American filmmakers like Spike Lee have made significant contributions to the dialogue about race in the United States by adapting techniques from classic film noir to black American cinema. This book is the first to examine these artistic innovations in detail from a philosophical perspective informed by both cognitive film theory and critical race theory.

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Dan Flory - Philosophy, Black Film, Film Noir (200 8).pdf

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 273 - Marko Zlatich - General Washington’s Army (1) 1775-1778 (1994).jpg

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 290 - Marko Zlatich - General Washington's Army (2), 1779-83 (1995).pdf

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Keith Suter - Global Order and Global Disorder, Gl obalization and the Nation-State (2003).jpg

Is the world entering a period of breakdown or breakthrough? As Suter makes clear, globalization is reducing the role of national governments, but it is not yet clear what will follow the current world order. He explains the process of globalization and uses the technique of scenario planning to examine alternative forms of global order and disorder.

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Keith Suter - Global Order and Global Disorder, Gl obalization and the Nation-State (2003).pdf

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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Uwaga!!! Wszystkie pliki w tym chomiku zostały zamieszczone informacyjnie. Od momentu ściągnięcia na dysk pliki należy usunąć w ciągu 24h. Wykorzystywanie ich w celach komercyjnych jest niezgodne z prawem. Autor chomika nie ponosi żadnej odpowiedzialności za niezgodne z prawem wykorzystywanie zasobów znajdujących się w tym chomiku !!!