The fate of war prisoners through history has been cruel and haphazard. The lives of captives hung by a thread. Execution, enslavement, torture, or being held for ransom were equally likely. International agreements developed haltingly through the 19th and 20th centuries to culminate in the Geneva Accords of 1929. America's current War on Terror is causing a readjustment of centuries of POW policies. Prisoners of war are once again in the news as America and Western Europe grapple with a new, faceless enemy and the rules of war and the torture of POWs are open to reconsideration. Until very recently, there has been astonishingly little written on the subject of prisoners of war. Yet, to understand the present, it is critical to look back over history. To that end, Arnold Krammer examines the fate of war prisoners from Biblical and Medieval times through the halting evolution of international law to the current reshuffling of the rules. Since biblical times, war captives have been considered property and counted as booty to be enslaved or killed. Americans were interested in generals and weapons and battles, but not the fate of prisoners of war. The Second World War, when 90,000 Americans fell into enemy hands, began to change that. Concern for our POWs in Germany and Japan, and close contact with enemy camps in America began to change our attitudes. However, it was the Vietnam War, media-driven and polarizing, that caused the American public to truly reevaluate the plight of its sons and brothers, heroic and clearly loyal, as they fell into the hands of an inscrutable and apparently unyielding distant enemy. More recently, during the first Gulf War of 1991 and the current War on Terrorism, the issue of prisoners of war has moved to center stage, involving the clash of ideologies, politics, and expediency. Since 9/11, the rights and safety of prisoners of war caught up in the War on Terror have been debated in Congress and adjudicated on by former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales whose conclusions were protested by numerous organizations. The issue of prisoners of war is of more immediate concern now than ever before, and an examination of the history of their treatment and current status may well influence foreign policy.

zachomikowany

14,6 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Arnold Krammer - Prisoners of War, A Reference Han dbook (2007).pdf

zachomikowany

52 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

American Political Leaders 1789-2005 (2005).jpg

Newly updated, this guide contains biographical information on approximately 9,000 of the most important US elected and appointed leaders. Organized for quick, easy reference, this is a guide for researchers, students, or anyone who needs names, dates, and other basic information on US leaders in one convenient source.

zachomikowany

3,6 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

American Political Leaders 1789-2005 (2005).pdf

zachomikowany

62 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

David W. reed - The Battle of Shiloh and the Organ izations Engaged (2008).jpg

The inquiry I most often received as a park ranger was if I had ever seen a ghost at Shiloh. I always said no. Working at the park for years and actually
living on the battlefield a good part of that period have convinced me there are no ghosts at Shiloh. Work-related tasks took me all over the battlefield, sometimes at night (when the park is closed) and in the remotest parts. Living at the park often necessitated travel through the battlefield at night and allowed for extremely enjoyable moonlight walks. (There is no more calm and peaceful experience than to take a nighttime walk through the Shiloh National Cemetery down to Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River.) Through it all, I’ve seen many things, but none of them has ever been of a supernatural nature. Many claim that such events do occur, but I fully believe that you see what you convince your mind to see.

zachomikowany

20,0 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

David W. reed - The Battle of Shiloh and the Organ izations Engaged (2008).pdf

zachomikowany

66 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Gerald F Linderman - Embattled Courage, The Experi ence Of Combat In The American Civil War (1987).jpg

Linderman, history professor at the University of Michigan, describes the unreasonably high standards of morality prevalent in the nation at the start of the Civil War, citing for example a letter from General Custer assuring his wife that he has "not uttered a single oath, nor blasphemed, even in thought." According to Linderman, it was assumed on both sides that "the application of the moral values to the struggle would determine both the forms and the result of the war." By 1865 those soldiers who survived had learned otherwise. In this deep inquiry into the nature of courage (and cowardice) as defined by soldiers and civilians North and South, the author traces the breakdown of traditional values, the changing behavior of the soldiers and the "reconceptualization" of the war by veterans in their later years. Drawing on letters and memoirs, he reveals the common tendency of soldiers who became disillusioned during the fighting to experience an amazing reversion in postwar years to the blind idealism with which they originally went to war. Ironically, notes Linderman, the soldiers who went into the Spanish-American War carried the same values as those of 1861.

zachomikowany

15,4 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Gerald F Linderman - Embattled Courage, The Experi ence Of Combat In The American Civil War (1987).pdf

zachomikowany

39 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Irving Lewis Allen - The City in Slang, New York L ife and Popular Speech (1995).jpg

The American urban scene, and in particular New York's, has given us a rich cultural legacy of slang words and phrases, a bonanza of popular speech. Hot dog, rush hour, butter-and-egg man, gold digger, shyster, buttinsky, smart aleck, sidewalk superintendent, yellow journalism, breadline, straphanger, tar beach, the Tenderloin, the Great White Way, to do a Brodie--these are just a few of the hundreds of popular words and phrases that were born or took on new meaning in the streets of New York.

In The City in Slang, Irving Lewis Allen traces this flowering of popular expressions that accompanied the emergence of the New York metropolis from the early nineteenth century down to the present. This unique account of the cultural and social history of America's greatest city provides in effect a lexicon of popular speech about city life. With many stories Allen shows how this vocabulary arose from city streets, often interplaying with vaudeville, radio, movies, comics, and the popular songs of Tin Pan Alley.

Some terms of great pertinence to city people today have unexpectedly old pedigrees. Rush hour was coined by 1890, for instance, and rubberneck dates to the late 1890s and became popular in New York to describe the busloads of tourists who craned their necks to see the tall buildings and the sights of the Bowery and Chinatown. The Big Apple itself (since 1971 the official nickname of New York) appeared in the 1920s, though first in reference to the city's top racetracks and to Broadway bookings as pinnacles of professional endeavor. Allen also tells fascinating stories behind once-popular slang that is no longer in use. Spielers, for example, were the little girls in tenement districts who danced ecstatically on the sidewalks to the music of the hurdy-gurdy men and, when they were old enough, frequented the dance halls of the Lower East Side.

Following the trail of these words and phrases into the city's East Side, West Side, and all around the town, from Harlem to Wall Street, and into the haunts of its high and low life, The City in Slang is a fascinating look at the rich cultural heritage of language about city life.

zachomikowany

20,1 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Irving Lewis Allen - The City in Slang, New York L ife and Popular Speech (1995).pdf

zachomikowany

39 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Mark Helprin - Digital Barbarism, A Writer's Manif esto (2009).jpeg

The Creative Commons movement and the copyright abolitionists, like the rest of their generation, were educated with a modern bias toward collaboration, which has led them to denigrate individual efforts and in turn fueled their sense of entitlement to the fruits of other people’s labors. More important, their selfish desire to “stick it” to the greedy corporate interests who control the production and distribution of intellectual property undermines not just the possibility of an independent literary culture but threatens the future of civilization itself.

zachomikowany

145 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Karen Mossberger,Caroline J. Tolbert,Ramona S.McNe al - Digital Citizenship, The Internet, Society, a nd Participation (2005).jpg

01 - USA - Karen Mossberger,Caroline J. Tolbert,Ramona S.McNeal -...zenship, The Internet, Society, and Participation 2005.jpg

Just as education has promoted democracy and economic growth, the Internet has the potential to benefit society as a whole. Digital citizenship, or the ability to participate in society online, promotes social inclusion. But statistics show that significant segments of the population are still excluded from digital citizenship.

The authors of this book define digital citizens as those who are online daily. By focusing on frequent use, they reconceptualize debates about the digital divide to include both the means and the skills to participate online. They offer new evidence (drawn from recent national opinion surveys and Current Population Surveys) that technology use matters for wages and income, and for civic engagement and voting.

Digital Citizenship examines three aspects of participation in society online: economic opportunity, democratic participation, and inclusion in prevailing forms of communication. The authors find that Internet use at work increases wages, with less-educated and minority workers receiving the greatest benefit, and that Internet use is significantly related to political participation, especially among the young. The authors examine in detail the gaps in technological access among minorities and the poor and predict that this digital inequality is not likely to disappear in the near future. Public policy, they argue, must address educational and technological disparities if we are to achieve full participation and citizenship in the twenty-first century.

zachomikowany

2,0 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Karen Mossberger,Caroline J. Tolbert,Ramona S.McNe al - Digital Citizenship, The Internet, Society, a nd Participation (2005).pdf

zachomikowany

126 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Addison Wiggin, The Demise of the Dollar... and Wh y It's Great For Your Investments (2005).jpg

As the dollar continues to weaken against other currencies, it is increasingly clear that this event will have a significant impact on investors and consumers around the world. Never before has the "reserve currency of the world" been so burdened by debt or suffered from such serious structural imbalances. The Demise of the Dollar . . . And Why It’s Great for Your Investments examines the reasons for the dollar’s current slide and offers an up-close look at the Federal Reserve’s attempts to "manage" the dollar’s value. Filled with in-depth insights, wry wit, and sound advice, this intriguing text offers an inside glimpse of the reality of today’s dollar and its impact on the world’s economies as well as readers’ personal portfolios.

zachomikowany

3,1 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Addison Wiggin, The Demise of the Dollar... and Wh y It's Great For Your Investments (2005).pdf

zachomikowany

31 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Leander Kahney - The Cult of Mac (2004).jpg

No other computer inspires devotion like a Mac. The largest and most fervent subculture in computing, Mac fans come in all shapes and sizes, but never waver in their dedication. Like fans of a football team or rock band, Macintosh fans have their own subculture, with clearly defined obsessions and rites of passage.

The Cult of Mac takes you inside the world of the Mac addict. Meet fans who get Mac tattoos and haircuts, people who travel across the globe to attend Apple Store openings, and counterculture icons who love the Mac. Discover the realm where old Macs become aquariums or bongs, origami Macs are made out of paper, and where the Macs of the future are envisioned not by suits in Cupertino, but by Mac heads all over the world. Visit the gatherings of the Mac tribe, from the big trade shows to tongue-in-cheek lookalike contests of Mac celebrities. And explore the little-publicized underbelly of Mac culture, including erotic fiction featuring Steve Jobs and the influence of mind-altering drugs on the Mac’s famous interface.

Whether you’re a casual observer, a mild Mac fan, or a hardcore member of the cult, join journalist and loyal Mac user Leander Kahney as he exposes all sides of Mac fanaticism, from the innocuous to the insane.

zachomikowany

34,8 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Leander Kahney - The Cult of Mac (2004).pdf

zachomikowany

33 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Bruce Clayton - Life after doomsday, A survivalist guide to nuclear war and other major disasters (1 980).jpg

This unique manual shows you how to survive a nuclear nightmare by providing an exhaustive investigation of survival strategies and of the problems that will face those who survive. The author outlines step-by-step procedures for preparing and defending shelters, storing food, treating illnesses and injuries and understanding the psychology of survival. With its dozens of useful charts, lists, drawings and photos, this book also serves as an excellent reference on surviving any major disaster.

About the Author
Bruce Clayton is a well-known survival expert, author of Life After Doomsday, Fallout Survival and Thinking About Survival, coauthor of Survival Books and Urban Alert, and former publisher of The Survivalist Directory. Dr. Clayton is a state-certified instructor of radiological defense techniques and fallout shelter management in California and has been trained in disaster shelter management and damage assessment by the American Red Cross. He is a former editor of INFO-RAY, the newsletter of the California Radiological Defense Officers’ Association, and has been a contributing editor to Survive magazine, Survival Guide magazine and the Survival Tomorrow newsletter.

zachomikowany

7,1 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Bruce Clayton - Life after doomsday, A survivalist guide to nuclear war and other major disasters (1 980).pdf

zachomikowany

30 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Jerrold M. Post - The Psychological Assessment of Political Leaders, With Profiles of Saddam Hussein and Bill Clinton (2003).jpg

01 - USA - Jerrold M. Post - The Psychological Assessment of Polit... With Profiles of Saddam Hussein and Bill Clinton 2003.jpg

In an age when world affairs are powerfully driven by personality, politics require an understanding of what motivates political leaders such as Hussein, Bush, Blair, and bin Laden. Through exacting case studies and the careful sifting of evidence, Jerrold Post and his team of contributors lay out an effective system of at-a-distance evaluation. Observations from political psychology, psycholinguistics and a range of other disciplines join forces to produce comprehensive political and psychological profiles, and a deeper understanding of the volatile influences of personality on global affairs. Even in this age of free-flowing global information, capital, and people, sovereign states and boundaries remain the hallmark of the international order -- a fact which is especially clear from the events of September 11th and the War on Terrorism. Jerrold M. Post, M.D., is Professor of Psychiatry, Political Psychology, and International Affairs, and Director of the Political Psychology Program at George Washington University. He is the founder of the CIA's Center for the Analysis of Personality and Political Behavior.

zachomikowany

3,9 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Jerrold M. Post - The Psychological Assessment of Political Leaders, With Profiles of Saddam Hussein and Bill Clinton (2003).pdf

zachomikowany

49 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Lyndon H LaRouche - The power of reason, A kind of autobiography (1979).jpg

Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche, Jr. (born September 8, 1922) is an American economist, philosopher, political activist, and founder of several political organizations, known collectively as the LaRouche movement. He has been a perennial candidate for President of the United States, having run in eight elections since 1976, once as a U.S. Labor Party candidate and seven times as a candidate for the Democratic Party nomination.

There are sharply contrasting opinions on LaRouche. Supporters have described him as the greatest living economist, and a political leader in the tradition of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Martin Luther King. Critics have called him an extremist, a theorist of conspiracies, a political cult leader, a fascist, or an anti-semite. The Heritage Foundation has said that he "leads what may well be one of the strangest political groups in American history". In 1984, LaRouche's research staff was described by Norman Bailey, a former senior staffer of the National Security Council, as "one of the best private intelligence services in the world". In 2008, Russian economist Stanislav Menshikov described LaRouche as being "among those few economists who look at the root causes, and therefore see what others cannot see".

LaRouche was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment in 1988 for conspiracy to commit mail fraud and tax code violations, but continued his political activities from behind bars until his release in 1994 on parole. His defense attorney, Ramsey Clark, a former U.S. Attorney General, argued that the case represented an unprecedented abuse of power by the U.S. government in an effort to destroy the LaRouche organizations. LaRouche and his defenders believe the prosecution was a politically motivated conspiracy involving government officials, numerous others, and a mass-media brainwashing campaign.

LaRouche is currently listed as a director and contributing editor of the Executive Intelligence Review News Service, part of the LaRouche movement. He has written extensively on economic, scientific, and political topics as well as on history, philosophy, and psychoanalysis.

zachomikowany

10,5 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Lyndon H LaRouche - The power of reason, A kind of autobiography (1979).pdf

zachomikowany

50 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Lyndon Larouche - How to Defeat Liberalism and Wil liam F Buckley (1979).jpg

William F. Buckley, Jr. appropriately enough in his study, was one of the most stupendous educated Americans of the 20th century. He was among the founders of the American conservative movement that crept out of the New Deal years advocating market economics, traditional social values, and aggressive resistance to communism. Such ideas were viewed disdainfully by the reigning orthodoxy, liberalism, but by the 1980s Buckley's positions had pretty much defeated liberalism wherever democratic elections could be held. Without him this change would have been either impossible or much delayed.

zachomikowany

8,6 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Lyndon Larouche - How to Defeat Liberalism and Wil liam F Buckley (1979).pdf

zachomikowany

55 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Roni Sarig - Secret History of Rock, The Most Infl uential Bands You've Never Heard (1998).jpg

To amend the "official" history of Rock, the author focuses on the fascinating history and powerful influence that certain innovative, albeit generally under-appreciated, musicians have had on successive generations of bands. 50 illustrations.

zachomikowany

1,0 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Roni Sarig - Secret History of Rock, The Most Infl uential Bands You've Never Heard (1998).pdf

zachomikowany

31 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Simson Garfinkel - Database Nation, The Death of P rivacy in the 21st Century (2001).jpg

If you have a computer with Intel's "processor serial number," own a pet with an embedded "radio frequency identification device," use ATMs and credit cards, and shop on the Internet, privacy is almost a nonexistent concept, because your every move is being tracked and stored somewhere for future use. Garfinkel, who has reported on computer privacy issues for Wired and other publications, is an exceptional writer who clearly understands his topic; here he explores today's threats to privacy and how they might be stopped. This is for all libraries.

zachomikowany

6,1 MB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Simson Garfinkel - Database Nation, The Death of P rivacy in the 21st Century (2001).pdf

zachomikowany

53 KB
2 wrz 11 8:04

Carla Kelly - On the Upper Missouri, The Journal o f Rudolph Friederich Kurz, 1851–1852 (2005).jpg

Rudolph Friederich Kurz was the son of a prosperous Swiss banker who defied family expectations for a respectable career in order to pursue a dual passion for art and for the American Indian. His youthful inspiration was George Catlin, whose famed Indian Gallery toured American and European cities, frequently accompanied by the artist himself, lecturing on the basis of his detailed published letters. Kurz was also directly influenced by his countryman, Karl Bodmer, whom he particularly idolized. Bodmer had accompanied German explorer Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied to the Upper Missouri country in 1833, and Bodmer’s lithographs of his Indian portraits and North American landscapes were widely circulated. As a result of meeting Bodmer and obtaining the master’s encouragement, Kurz redoubled his resolve to both fine-tune his technical mastery of drawing and make his own artist’s journey to the wilds of North America.

zachomikowany

« poprzednia strona następna strona »

Odtwórz folder
Pobierz folder
Zachomikuj folder

5645
7486
0
3

13450 plików
73,04 GB

bezpośredni link do folderu

Chomikowe rozmowy

webplipliba1971 napisano 29.04.2021 04:27

Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

konto__prywatne napisano 22.07.2021 16:35

paginap536 napisano 21.04.2022 14:57

Super chomik

simafi2514 napisano 26.12.2022 19:27

Super chomik

ChomiczekZawistniczek napisano 20.06.2023 19:50

Uwaga!!! Wszystkie pliki w tym chomiku zostały zamieszczone informacyjnie. Od momentu ściągnięcia na dysk pliki należy usunąć w ciągu 24h. Wykorzystywanie ich w celach komercyjnych jest niezgodne z prawem. Autor chomika nie ponosi żadnej odpowiedzialności za niezgodne z prawem wykorzystywanie zasobów znajdujących się w tym chomiku !!!