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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
	@ Fizyka. Serie
	@ Matematyka. Serie
	_ Astronomia
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100,0 MB
15 gru 19 9:31

Audioksiążka - Zygmunt Kubiak - Literatura Greków i Rzymian (1999) czyta Ksawery Jasieński cz. 02 (2 92m30s).mp3

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102,4 MB
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209 KB
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Robert J. V. Hiebert, Claude E. Cox, Peter John Ge ntry - The Old Greek Psalter, Studies in Honour of Albert Pietersma (2001).jpg

Greece Grecja - Robert J. V. Hiebert, Claude E. Cox, Peter John Gent...Psalter, Studies in Honour of Albert Pietersma 2001.jpg

Collected essays on the Old Greek Psalter by linguistic and textual scholars highlighting its significance for biblical research and related disciplines. This tribute to Albert Pietersma of the University of Toronto is offered by a highly distinguished international panel of scholars, including John W. Wevers, Takamitsu Muraoka, Anneli Aejmelaeus, Emanuel Tov, Johan Lust, Robert A. Kraft, Johann Cook, Arie van der Kooij, Moises Silva and Claude E. Cox. The focus of the volume is on the Old Greek Psalter and its significance for biblical research and related disciplines, where it marks a definitive statement of research questions and issues in this increasingly important area of biblical textual studies.

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17,0 MB
15 gru 19 9:31

Robert J. V. Hiebert, Claude E. Cox, Peter John Ge ntry - The Old Greek Psalter, Studies in Honour of Albert Pietersma (2001).pdf

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65 KB
15 gru 19 9:31

Nicholas Cahill - Household and City Organization at Olynthus (2001).jpg

Olynthus, an ancient city in northern Greece, was preserved in an exceptionally complete state after its abrupt sacking by Phillip II of Macedon in 348 B.C., and excavations in the 1920s and 1930s uncovered more than a hundred houses and their contents. In this book Nicholas Cahill analyzes the results of the excavations to reconstruct the daily lives of the ancient Greeks, the organization of their public and domestic space, and the economic and social patterns in the city. Cahill compares the realities of daily life as revealed by the archaeological remains with theories of ideal social and household organization espoused by ancient Greek authors. Describing the enormous variety of domestic arrangements, he examines patterns and differences in the design of houses, in the occupations of owners, and in the articulations between household and urban economies, the value of land, and other aspects of ancient life throughout the city. He thus challenges the traditional view that the Greeks had one standard household model and approach to city planning. He shows how the Greeks reconciled conflicting demands of ideal and practice, for instance between egalitarianism and social inequality or between the normative roles of men and women and roles demanded by economic necessities. The book, which is extensively illustrated with plans and photographs, is supported by a Web site containing a database of the architecture and finds from the excavations linked to plans of the site.

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5,3 MB
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17 KB
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David M Schaps - Economic rights of women in ancie nt Greece (1979).jpg

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11,6 MB
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19 KB
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16,5 MB
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49 KB
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Nancy Demand - Birth, Death, and Motherhood in Cla ssical Greece (1994).jpg

Why did Greek society foster social conditions, especially early marriage with its attendant early childbearing, that were known to be dangerous for both mother and child? What were the actual causes of death among women described as dying of childbirth in the Hippocratic Epidemics? Why did families choose to portray labor scenes on tombstones when the Greek commemorative tradition otherwise avoided reference to suffering and illness? In Birth, Death, and Motherhood in Classical Greece, Nancy Demand offers the first comprehensive exploration of the social and cultural construction of childbirth in ancient Greece. Reading the ancient evidence in light of feminist theory, the Foucauldian notion of discursively constituted objects, medical anthropology, and anthropological studies of the modern Greek village, Demand discusses topics that include midwifery, abortion, attitudes of doctors toward women patients, and the treatment of women generally. For evidence, she relies primarily on the case histories in the Epidemics concerning women with complications in pregnancy, abortion, and childbirth. She also draws relevant details from cure records and dedications from healing sanctuaries, labor scenes depicted on tombstones, Aristophanic comedy, andPlatonic philosophy. "This book is an important contribution to the scholarship on the lives of ancient Greek women, ancient medicine, and the social construction of gender among the Athenians. Nancy Demand has constructed a richer, more nuanced, and very likely far more accurate picture of childbirth and its attendant dangers than we have had to date. Her collection of translations of the Hippocratic texts on childbirth and related issues will be of great value for future investigators." -- Valerie French, American University.

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Ian Morris - Burial and Ancient Society, The Rise of the Greek City-State (1990).jpg

This study of the changing relationships between burial rituals and social structure in Early Iron Age Greece will be required reading for all archaeologists working with burial evidence, in whatever period. This book differs from many recent studies of state formation in that unique and particular developments are given as much weight as those factors which are common to all early states. The ancient literary evidence and more recent historical and anthropological comparisons are extensively drawn on in an attempt to explain the transition to the city-state, a development which was to have decisive effects for the subsequent development of European society.

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15,8 MB
15 gru 19 9:31

Ian Morris - Burial and Ancient Society, The Rise of the Greek City-State (1990).pdf

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63 KB
15 gru 19 9:31

Matthew Trundle - Greek Mercenaries, From the Late Archaic Period to Alexander (2004).jpg

This book provides a detailed picture of the life of these Greek mercenaries, analyzing who they were and from what section of society they came. It explores their motivations, their relationships and connections, both with each other and those with whom they served, and shows how mercenaries were recruited, paid and maintained. Matthew Trundle reviews a variety of evidence, including Xenophon's detailed account of how over ten thousand Greeks tried and failed to establish the Persian prince Cyrus on his brother's Imperial throne, the fragments of a fourth century play about the first ever soldier of fortune, and inscriptions prohibiting Athenians from taking service with their neighbours.

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135 KB
15 gru 19 9:31

A. W. Price - Mental Conflict (1994).jpg

This book presents the first detailed analysis of the way Greek philosophers treated mental conflict. The ancient Greeks considered mental conflict as the condition of a divided mind consciously torn between contrary desires or beliefs. Greek philosophers offered a variety of formulations for mental conflict, either as a reason that fails to be resolute or as a split soul that houses a play rf forces.
Studying the treatment of mental conflict by Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics, A. W. Price demonstrates how the arguments of the Greeks are still relevant to current philosophical discussion. Reflecting upon their accounts can alert us to the elusiveness at once of mental reality and of the understanding by which we hope to capture and transform it.

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10,4 MB
15 gru 19 9:31

A. W. Price - Mental Conflict (1994).pdf

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30 KB
15 gru 19 9:31

Debra Skelton, Pamela Dell - Empire of Alexander t he Great (2009).jpg

From the age of 20 until his death at 32, Alexander the Great and his armies from Greece swept across a vast region that included Persia, Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt. Ultimately ruling an empire that stretched approximately 2 million square miles across three continents, Alexander revolutionized the way was waged and extended the influence of classical Greek culture far beyond the borders of Greece and his native Macedonia. "Empire of Alexander the Great, Revised Edition" looks at what made Alexander a brilliant military tactician and a charismatic leader. It also explores what the Eastern world learned through contact with Alexander, and what Alexander brought to the West from the Persian Empire. Connections in our own world to Alexander's empire include the legend of the Gordian knot, pearls, the Egyptian metropolis of Alexandria, and the Septuagint, the first translation of the Torah from Hebrew.

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7,5 MB
15 gru 19 9:31

Debra Skelton, Pamela Dell - Empire of Alexander t he Great (2009).pdf

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27 KB
15 gru 19 9:31

Jean Kinney Williams - Empire of Ancient Greece (2 009).jpg

The classical Greek civilization is the cornerstone of Western civilization today. The Greeks invented and developed everything from logic and democracy to rhetoric, drama, and philosophy. "Empire of Ancient Greece, Revised Edition" chronicles the remarkable legacy of the Greeks, as well as the diversity of their societies - from the thriving democracy of Athens to the militarism of Sparta to the oligarchy of Thrace. It explores the conditions that made it possible for the ancient Greeks to develop a culture that set the foundation for our intellectual lives today, and explains why Greek power eventually declined. Everyday life in ancient Greece, from the wealthy citizens who grappled in the Olympic arena to the farmers who found 50 different ways to use olive oil, is also examined. Connections in our own world to the ancient Greeks are numerous, including the Olympics, much of our classical literature, the scientific method, architecture, and many English words.

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13,7 MB
15 gru 19 9:31

Jean Kinney Williams - Empire of Ancient Greece (2 009).pdf

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15 gru 19 9:31

Rodn Castleden - Myceneans, Life in Bronze Age Gre ece (2005).jpg

The Mycenaean World was the world of the heroes who conquered Troy. Those heroes stood at the heart of Greek self-perception for centuries after the fall of their civilization. Since the rediscovery of the remains of the civilization of Mycenae by Heinrich Schliemann in the 1870s, knowledge of these Greeks of the Bronze Age has increased steadily. Stepping into the place of the collapsed civilization of Minoan Crete and the Peloponnese (the subject of Castleden's earlier bestselling study, Minoans), the Mycenaeans dominated mainland Greece and the Greek islands from about 1600-1250 BC. Their exploits became the subject of the legends that were immortalized by Homer.

In lively prose informed by the latest research, Castleden lays out the fundamental traits of Mycenaean civilization, its hierarchy, economy, religion and arts. Controversially, Castleden interprets the well-known palaces of Mycenae, Tiryns, Pylos and elsewhere as temples. Their sea empire and the their relations with other peoples of the Bronze Age world, including the Hittites, the Egyptians and the Trojans, receive full attention. The causes of the end of their civilization are discussed.

The book is an indispensable starting point for the study of the Greek Bronze Age. Full bibliography and copious illustration support this comprehensive interpretation of a civilization whose legend still lives on.

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5,4 MB
15 gru 19 9:31

Rodn Castleden - Myceneans, Life in Bronze Age Gre ece (2005).pdf

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152 KB
15 gru 19 9:31

Osprey - Fortress 90 - Greek Fortifications of Asi a Minor 500-130 BC, From the Persian Wars to the R oman Conquest (2009).jpg

Greece Grecja - Osprey - Fortress 90 - Greek Fortifications of Asia ...C, From the Persian Wars to the Roman Conquest 2009.jpg

Sandwiched between the heart of ancient Greece and the lands of Persia, the Greek cities of Western Anatolia were the spark that ignited some of the most iconic conflicts of the ancient world. Fought over repeatedly in the 5th century BC, their conquest by the Persians provided a casus belli for Alexander the Great to cross the Hellespont in 334 BC and launch the battle of Granicus and the sieges of Miletus and Halicarnassus. A blend of Greek and Asian styles of military architecture, these fortified cities were revolutionary in their multi-linear construction – successive defensive walls – with loopholes and mural arches. Konstantin Nossov illustrates the evolution of Greek fortifications and the influences of the region they bordered in this fascinating study.

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15 gru 19 9:31

Osprey - Nick Sekunda - Alexander the Great, His Armies and Campaigns 334-323 BC (1998).jpeg

Upon the assassination of his father King Philip II in the summer of 336 BC - while making plans for an invasion of Persia - Alexander took over the reigns of power of a now united Greece. When he led his combined Macedonian and Greek army into Asia a year later he began the greatest career of military conquest in world history. In eleven short years he overcame the might of the Persian Empire and campaigned across the face of the known world. In this combination of two of Osprey's most successful titles, Men-at-Arms 148 The Army of Alexander the Great and Campaign 7 Alexander 334-323 BC: Conquest of the Persian Empire, two eminent scholars of the Classical world - Nick Sekunda and John Warry - describe in detail the make up of Alexander's army, and the course of his epic campaigns.

About the Author
Nick Sekunda has published numerous articles and books on Hellenistic warfare and is a recognised expert on the Macedonian army in particular. John Warry has had a life-long interest in the Greek world and is a respected author on this subject. His contribution to this book is the product of more than five years solid research.

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56 KB
15 gru 19 9:31

Osprey - Warrior 130 - Nic Fields - Tarentine Hors eman of Magna Graecia 430-190BC (2008).jpg

According to historical tradition, Taras, on the instep of Italy and now known as Taranto, was founded in 706 BC, and archaeological evidence indicates that such a date cannot be far wrong. The earliest and simplest reason for its foundation is given by Aristotle as an instance of the divisions that may arise in a state when the aristocracy assigns to itself all the political privileges, "for example the so-called Partheniai, whom the Spartans detected in a conspiracy and sent away to be the founders of Taras".
The name Partheniai is not adequately explained by Aristotle. In other authors it is constantly associated with the word parthenos, virgin, and the most straightforward explanation is that is a term of contempt used by one political faction of their erstwhile opponents. According to a contemporary of Aristotle, Ephoros of Kyme (in a passage quoted by Strabo), the Partheniai were the sons of
unmarried mothers born during the First Mes senian War (c. 730-710 BC). As the war turned out to be a lengthy conflict, Spartan women left at home for the duration reportedly wanted to avoid the risk of a future shortage of men.

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55 KB
15 gru 19 9:31

OSPREY - Warrior103 - Waldemar Heckel - Macedonian Warrior, Alexander's Elite Infantryman (2006).jpg

After reading an initial review of this book on this site I was a bit hesitant to waste my $15 but I went for it anyway. I am sure glad that I took a chance. The book is excellent. Very little has been written about Alexander's foot soldiers (cavalry was his specialty) and what exists from 2000+ years ago is plagued with contradictions and inaccuracies. It is nice to see a modern text try to explain/sort out some of the confusion. I wish the book would have been longer- maybe a future project for the author?
I found nothing wrong with the artwork and was pleasantly suprised with some of the details which were visible in her plates. Angus McBride is my favorite artist with Osprey but I would easy purchase another book with Ms Hooks illustrations.
My only complaint is the way that the author-and many other historians- ends his history of the Macedonian foot soldier with their defeat by a Roman army at Pydna in 168BC. The Macedonian phalanx of 168BC was a shadow of the great formation that Philip and Alexander used to conquer the known world. The 150 years between Alexander and the Romans was not well spent by Macedon and the Diodochi and a decay of tactics and improvements took place. Alexander the Great was a military visionary with a flexible force always in flux. He adapted his forces to meet the demands of both the enemy and the terrain. Others "borrowed" his armies, lands, and power but the real Macedonian warrior died in the summer of 323 when Alexander passed away in Babylon.

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