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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
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0,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Robert Hichens - The Spell Of Egypt (1911).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Lesley & Roy Adkins - The Keys of Egypt; The Obses sion to Decipher Egyptian Hieroglyphs (2000).jpg

Jean-François Champollion's biography is neatly interwoven with Napoleonic history and the functions of Egyptian hieroglyphs in The Keys of Egypt. A gifted bookseller's son born in Revolutionary France, Champollion was to become "gripped by energetic enthusiasm" for Egypt. By the age of 12, he was studying several ancient languages, and, amid a "wave of Egyptomania," he would beat rivals to discover the key to deciphering hieroglyphs. If this was a race, it was a marathon. The breakthrough came after "20 years of obsessive hard work," not through the quick-fix solution often thought to have been provided by the Rosetta stone. The Keys of Egypt details Champollion's life and work, which were hampered by politics, poverty, and an almost hypochondriacal series of health problems. Its sources include letters and journals, the authors having undertaken researches in major libraries and museums. Chapters on Champollion's travels in Italy and Egypt include a good smattering of excerpts from his writings. Although no bibliography is given, there is a helpful passage on various levels of further reading. Highly instructive and fast-paced, The Keys of Egypt is perhaps less dramatic than it might be in portraying troubled times and groundbreaking discovery. It is, however, a clearly expressed and wide-ranging book explaining the complexity of hieroglyphic interpretation and revealing the man whose achievements "meant the discovery of a whole new civilization." - Karen Tiley

Set against a background of academic intrigue and international rivalry, with colorful personalities vying to be the first to unveil the meaning behind ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the story of the decipherment of the Rosetta Stone has all the ingredients of a dramatic scientific quest. Disappointingly, the Adkinses, though experienced writers and consultants on archaeology, don't make the grade in this bland, lackluster account. Instead of approaching the subject matter with new questions and fresh analysis, the authors' predictable narrative adds little to our knowledge of either the French polyglot Jean-Fran ois Champollion (1790-1832), the genius who deciphered the stone, or of the decipherment process itself. The authors focus primarily on the life and education of Champollion, his extraordinary linguistic skills and his competition with Englishman Thomas Young, who was also seeking to decipher hieroglyphs. They maintain, rather inaccurately, that Champollion has not received due recognition, which they feel has instead gone to Young. Their description of the French occupation of Egypt at the time that the Rosetta Stone was discovered is superficial and fails to take into account some of the more recent scholarship on the subject. The authors, in fact, never indicate what sources they utilized for this study. There is a solid core of readers interested in ancient Egypt and hieroglyphs who will grab this book, but they will be disappointed. More satisfied will be the novices turned on to ancient Egypt by the promotion around Abrams's Valley of the Golden Mummies. Savvy booksellers will piggyback the Adkinses' book onto that one. Illus. not seen by PW. (Oct. 15)

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10,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Lesley & Roy Adkins - The Keys of Egypt; The Obses sion to Decipher Egyptian Hieroglyphs (2000).pdf

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159 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Juliette Day - The baptismal liturgy of Jerusalem; Fourth- and fifth-century evidence from Palestine , Syria and Egypt (2007).jpg

All History - Juliette Day - The baptismal liturgy of Jerusalem Fou...century evidence from Palestine, Syria and Egypt 2007.jpg

Was Jerusalem, under her bishop Cyril, the source of liturgical innovations in the fourth century or was she simply following trends which also affected the liturgy of neighbouring provinces? In assessing these two established propositions in relation to baptism, Juliette Day undertakes a careful comparative analysis of all the relevant sources for Palestine, Egypt and Syria, paying attention to the structure, content and theological narrative of the rites which they describe. The Mystagogical Catecheses, commonly attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem, are the key source in this discussion and this book demonstrates that they date from the episcopate of his successor John.

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1,0 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Juliette Day - The baptismal liturgy of Jerusalem; Fourth- and fifth-century evidence from Palestine , Syria and Egypt (2007).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Donald Rapp - Ice Ages and Interglacials; Measurem ents, Interpretation and Models (2009).jpg

This book studies the history and gives an analysis of extreme climate change on Earth. In order to provide a long-term perspective, the first chapter briefly reviews some of the wild gyrations that occurred in the Earth’s climate hundreds of millions of years ago: snowball Earth and hothouse Earth. Coming closer to modern times, the effects of continental drift, particularly the closing of the Isthmus of Panama are believed to have contributed to the advent of ice ages in the past three million years.

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4,6 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Donald Rapp - Ice Ages and Interglacials; Measurem ents, Interpretation and Models (2009).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Gianluca P. Parolin - Citizenship in the Arab Worl d; Kin, Religion and Nation-State (2009).jpg

The result of five years of intensive research on citizenship in the Arab world, this volume uses the multidisciplinary approach of comparative legal studies in order to consider the multifaceted reality of nationality and citizenship. Gianluca P. Parolin brings together methodologies from fields as diverse as anthropology, linguistics, sociology, and political science, while exploring a broad range of Western and Arab references accessed in their original languages and sources, making in-text references and contemporary Arab legislation accessible for the general reader.

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10,1 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Gianluca P. Parolin - Citizenship in the Arab Worl d; Kin, Religion and Nation-State (2009).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Shahid Rahman, Tony Street , Hassan Tahiri - The U nity of Science in the Arabic Tradition; Science, Logic, Epistemology and their Interactions (2010).jpg

All History - Shahid Rahman, Tony Street , Hassan Tahiri - The Unit...nce, Logic, Epistemology and their Interactions 2010.jpg

This book is the first to reflect the multi-dimensional nature of the interplay between logic, science, philosophy and language in the Arabic tradition. It presents contributions from the world’s leading scholars and historians under the headings ‘Epistemology and Philosophy of Science’ and ‘Logic, Philosophy and Grammar’.

The contents exemplify the liveliness of modern perspectives on the Arabic tradition. It describes new paths for research and understanding not normally raised in the approaches to this subject. It challenges the rigid distinction between Western and Eastern thought and opens the field for a new view on the development of modern science.

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11,5 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Shahid Rahman, Tony Street , Hassan Tahiri - The U nity of Science in the Arabic Tradition; Science, Logic, Epistemology and their Interactions (2010).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Susan Kingsley Kent - Aftershocks; The Politics of Trauma in Britain, 1918-1931 (2009).jpg

This book examines the impact of collective trauma arising out of the Great War on the politics of the 1920s in Britain. Aftershocks studies how meanings of shellshock and imagery presenting the traumatized psyche as shattered contributed to Britons understandings of their political selves in the 1920s. It connects the force of emotions to the political culture of a decade which saw extraordinary violence against those regarded as un-English. Aftershocks argues the crucial connection between structures of feeling and political culture in Britain. Britons incorporated into their understandings of their political selves the meanings attacked to shellshock, especially the imagery that informed the view of the traumatized psyche as shattered. The political force of emotions must be appreciated if we are to grasp the political history of Britain in the 1920s, a decade whose historians have failed to come to grips with the extraordinary violence visited upon those regarded as 'un-English." Shellshocked Britons turned to certain political actions to repair the collective psyche—the passage of the Aliens' Act of 1919, the race riots of 1919; the Amritsar massacre in 1919; the reprisals against the Irish in 1919-21; the General Strike of 1926; and the debates over the bill to enfranchise women over the age of 30 in 1927 and the Igbo Women's War of 1929.

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15 lip 18 15:18

George Raudzens - Technology, Disease, and Colonia l Conquests, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries; Es says Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories (200 3).jpg

All History - George Raudzens - Technology, Disease, and Colonial C... Essays Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories 2003.jpg

During the 1960s, scholars changed their explanation for the European conquest of the world from racial and ethnic superiority to European combat advance because of guns, and epidemic disease caused by the lack of Euroasian immunities in the New World.

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20,7 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

George Raudzens - Technology, Disease, and Colonia l Conquests, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries; Es says Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories (200 3).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Jessica Bomarito - Gothic Literature; A Gale Criti cal Companion (2006).jpg

Gothic Literature is the fourth set in the new Gale Critical Companion Collection, the series that provides a broad contextual understanding of topics and movements in literature and the humanities. This exciting new three-volume set spans all facets of the gothic, including visual and performing arts, society and culture, themes and settings and much more. Authors covered include Margaret Atwood, Angela Carter, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Washington Irving, Stephen King, Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Bram Stoker, Oscar Wilde and many others. Complete with primary source documents and critical material to provide contextual perspective, a related chronology of key events, full-text commentaries, lists of further readings and more, this new set benefits everyone from students doing gothic research to the general gothic fiction reader.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Andrej Kotljarchuk - In the Shadows of Poland and Russia; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century (2006 ).jpg

All History - Andrej Kotljarchuk - In the Shadows of Poland and Rus... in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century 2006.jpg

This book examines and analyses the Union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden signed in 1655 at Kėdainiai and the political crisis that followed. The union was a result of strong separatist dreams among the Lithuanian-Ruthenian Protestant elite led by the Radziwiłł family, and if implemented it would radically change the balance of power in the Baltic Sea region. The main legal point of the Union was the breach of Lithuanian federation with Poland and the establishment of a federation with Sweden. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania aspired to return to international relations as a self-governing subject. The Union meant a new Scandinavian alternative to Polish and Russian domination. The author places the events in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the general crisis that occurred in Europe in the middle of the 17th century characterized by a great number of wars, rebellions and civil wars from Portugal to Ukraine, and which builds the background to the crisis for Lithuania and Sweden. The research proved the importance of lesser powers in changing the geopolitical balance between the Great Powers. The conflict over Lithuania and Belarus was the main reason for the Swedish-Russian, Polish-Russian and Ukrainian-Russian wars. The failure of the Union with Sweden was caused by both internal and external factors. Internally, various ethnic, confessional and political groups within the nobility of Lithuania were split in favour of different foreign powers – from Muscovy to Transylvania. The external cause for the failure of the Union project was the failure of Swedish strategy. Sweden concentrated its activity to Poland, not to Lithuania. After the Union, Swedish authorities treated the Grand Duchy as an invaded country, not an equal. The Swedish administration introduced heavy taxation and was unable to control the brutality of the army. As a result Sweden was defeated in both Lithuania and Poland. Among the different economic, political and religious explanations of the general crisis, the case of Lithuania shows the importance of the political conflicts. For the separatists of Lithuania the main motive to turn against Poland and to promote alliance with Sweden, Russia or the Cossacks was the inability of Poland to shield the Grand Duchy from a Russian invasion.The Lithuanian case was a provincial rebellion led by the native nobility against their monarch, based on tradition of the previous independence and statehood period. It was not nationalism in its modern meaning, but instead a crisis of identity in the form of a conflict between Patria and Central Power. However, the cost of being a part of Sweden or Muscovy was greater than the benefit of political protection. Therefore, the pro-Polish orientation prevailed when Poland after 1658 recovered its military ability the local nobility regrouped around Warsaw. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania managed to remain on the political map of Europe, but at the price of general religious Catholization and cultural Polonization. After the crisis, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania gradually changed into a deep province of the Polish state.

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6,8 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Andrej Kotljarchuk - In the Shadows of Poland and Russia; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century (2006 ).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey PL - WBH 11 - Ian Castle - Bitwa pod Auster litz 1805 (2010).jpg

Dziewiątego listopada 1805 roku lord major Londynu ogłosił Williama Pitta, premiera Wielkiej Brytanii i zaprzysięgłego wroga napoleońskiej Francji, „zbawicielem Europy". Niedawne wieści o zniszczeniu przez admirała Horatia Nelsona floty francusko-hiszpańskiej pod Trafalgarem stały się powodem do wielkiej radości. Odpowiadając na to, Pitt realistycznie zauważył: „Europa nic ma być zbawiona przez jednego człowieka. Anglia ocaliła samą siebie dzięki swoim wysiłkom i - jak ufam - ocali Europę danym przez siebie przykładem". Dwanaście tygodni później Pitt już nie żył, a armie Austrii i Rosji - dwóch wielkich mocarstw europejskich - były pokonane. Nad całym kontynentem dominował jeden tylko człowiek, a był nim Napoleon Bonapartecesarz Francuzów i król Italii.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Philip Hardie - Classical Literary Careers and the ir Reception (2010).jpg

This is a wide-ranging collection of essays on ancient Roman literary careers and their reception in later European literature, with contributions by leading experts. Starting from the three major Roman models for constructing a literary career - Virgil (the rota Vergiliana), Horace, and Ovid - the volume then looks at alternative and counter-models in antiquity: Propertius, Juvenal, Cicero and Pliny. A range of post-antique responses to the ancient patterns are then examined, from Dante to Wordsworth, and including Petrarch, Shakespeare, Milton, Marvell, Dryden, and Goethe. These chapters pose the question of the continuing relevance of ancient career models as ideas of authorship change over the centuries, leading to varying engagements and disengagements with classical literary careers. There are also chapters on other ways of concluding or extending a literary career: bookburning and figurative metempsychosis.

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10,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Philip Hardie - Classical Literary Careers and the ir Reception (2010).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Roberta J. Magnusson - Water Technology in the Mid dle Ages; Cities, Monasteries, and Waterworks afte r the Roman Empire (2001).jpg

All History - Roberta J. Magnusson - Water Technology in the Middle...asteries, and Waterworks after the Roman Empire 2001.jpg

Focusing attention on gravity-fed water-flow systems in medieval cities and monasteries, Water Technology in the Middle Ages: Cities, Monasteries, and Waterworks after the Roman Empire challenges the view that hydraulic engineering died with the Romans and remained moribund until the Renaissance. Roberta Magnusson explores the systems' technologies -- how they worked, what uses the water served -- and also the social rifts that created struggles over access to this basic necessity.
Mindful of theoretical questions about what hastens technological change and how society and technology mutually influence one another, the author supplies a thoughtful and instructive study. Archeological, historical, and literary evidence vividly depicts those who designed, constructed, and used medieval water systems and demonstrates a shift from a public-administrative to a private-innovative framework -- one that argues for the importance of local initiatives.
"The following chapters attempt to chart a course between the Scylla and Charybdis of technological and social determinism. While writing them, I have tried to strike a balance between the technical and human aspects of medieval hydraulic systems, and to remember that beneath the welter of documents and diffusion patterns, configurations and components, ordinances and expenditures, lie the perceptions, the choices, and often the plain hard work of individual men and women." -- from the Preface

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15 lip 18 15:18

Alexandre Pradere - French Furniture Makers; The A rt of the Ébéniste from Louis XIV to the Revolutio n (1990).jpg

All History - Alexandre Pradere - French Furniture Makers The Art o...t of the bniste from Louis XIV to the Revolution 1990.jpg

The eighteenth century in France saw the production of the world's most spectacular furniture. Curiously, there has been no major illustrated reference book for the general reader on this subject in over twenty-five years. This important new book fills that gap. An extensive introduction explains the organization and historical background of furniture makers of the period, traces the evolution of taste and style, and explores the roles of both architects and designers. The author concludes with a study of contemporary dealers and public auctions at the end of the eighteenth century. French Furniture Makers is illustrated with nearly 500 photographs, and includes a glossary of techical terms and a list of makers' marks reproduced to their actual size.

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Alexandre Pradere - French Furniture Makers; The A rt of the Ébéniste from Louis XIV to the Revolutio n (1990).pdf

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Bulgarian National Museum of Military History (200 6).jpg

The National Military History Museum is a Bulgarian museum based in Sofia and dedicated to military history. A structure of the Ministry of Defence, it has existed under various names and subordinate to various institutions since 1914 (in practice since 1916). It disposes of 5,000 m² of indoor and 40,000 m² outdoor (of which 500 m² covered) exhibition area, a library and a computer centre.
This book presents one part of the permanent collections.

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Bulgarian National Museum of Military History (200 6).pdf

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Russell Hardin - David Hume; Moral and Political T heorist (2007).jpg

Russell Hardin presents a new explication of David Hume's moral and political theory. With Hume, he holds that our normative views can be scientifically explained but they cannot be justified as true. Hume argued for the psychological basis of such views. In particular, he argued for sympathy as the mirroring of the psychological sensations and emotions of others. By placing Hume in the developing tradition of social science, as a strong forerunner of his younger friend Adam Smith, Hardin demonstrates Hume's strong strategic sense, his nascent utilitarianism, his powerful theory of convention as a main source of social and political order, and his recognition of moral and political theory as a single enterprise.

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Russell Hardin - David Hume; Moral and Political T heorist (2007).epub

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Charles T. Wolfe, Ofer Gal - The Body as Object an d Instrument of Knowledge; Embodied Empiricism in Early Modern Science (2010).jpg

All History - Charles T. Wolfe, Ofer Gal - The Body as Object and I...dge Embodied Empiricism in Early Modern Science 2010.jpg

It was in 1660s England, according to the received view, in the Royal Society of London, that science acquired the form of empirical enquiry we recognize as our own: an open, collaborative experimental practice, mediated by specially-designed instruments, supported by civil discourse, stressing accuracy and replicability. Guided by the philosophy of Francis Bacon, by Protestant ideas of this worldly benevolence, by gentlemanly codes of decorum and by a dominant interest in mechanics and the mechanical structure of the universe, the members of the Royal Society created a novel experimental practice that superseded former modes of empirical inquiry, from Aristotelian observations to alchemical experimentation.
This volume focuses on the development of empiricism as an interest in the body – as both the object of research and the subject of experience. Re-embodying empiricism shifts the focus of interest to the ‘life sciences’; medicine, physiology, natural history. In fact, many of the active members of the Royal Society were physicians, and a significant number of those, disciples of William Harvey and through him, inheritors of the empirical anatomy practices developed in Padua during the 16th century. Indeed, the primary research interests of the early Royal Society were concentrated on the body, human and animal, and its functions much more than on mechanics. Similarly, the Académie des Sciences directly contradicted its self-imposed mandate to investigate Nature in mechanistic fashion, devoting a significant portion of its Mémoires to questions concerning life, reproduction and monsters, consulting empirical botanists, apothecaries and chemists, and keeping closer to experience than to the Cartesian standards of well-founded knowledge.
These highlighted empirical studies of the body, were central in a workshop in the beginning of 2009 organized by the unit for History and Philosophy of Science in Sydney. The papers that were presented by some of the leading figures in this area are presented in this volume.

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Charles T. Wolfe, Ofer Gal - The Body as Object an d Instrument of Knowledge; Embodied Empiricism in Early Modern Science (2010).pdf

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Herbert Allen Giles - China and the Manchus (2007).jpg

It is said that no fewer than thirty thousand adherents were executed before the trouble was finally suppressed; from which statement it is easy to gather that under whatever form the White Lily Society may have been originally initiated, its activities were now of a much more serious character, and were, in fact, plainly directed against the power and authority of the Manchus.

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