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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
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Ostatnio pobierane pliki

24 Epilog, bibliografia.pdf

23 Jeszcze kilka ciekawostek.pdf

22 Mumie w Wielkim Kanionie.pdf

21 Prehistoryczne obserwatorium.pdf

20 Tajemnicza ''gwiezdna brama''.pdf

18 Świątynia wszech czasów.pdf

17 Wyrzutnia sprzed 5000 lat.pdf

16 Nowy spór o Jaskinię Burrowsa.pdf

14 Niezawodna ochrona przed rdzą.pdf

11 Tajemnicze drobinki.pdf

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92 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Florene S. Memegalos - George Goring (1608-1657); Caroline courtier and royalist general (2007).jpg

George Goring was in many ways the archetypal cavalier, often portrayed as possessing all the worst characteristics associated with the followers of King Charles I. He drank copiously, dressed and entertained lavishly, gambled excessively, abandoned his wife frequently, and was quick to resort to swordplay when he felt his honour was at stake. Yet, he was also an active Member of Parliament and a respected soldier, who learnt his trade on the continent during the Dutch Wars, and put it to good use in support of the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. In this, the first modern biography of Goring, the main events of his life are interwoven with the wider history of his age. Beginning with his family background in Sussex, it charts his successes at court and exploits in the service of the Dutch, culminating in his experiences at the siege of Breda in 1637, and then his part in the Bishops' Wars. However it is his key role as a Royalist general during the Civil War, and his subsequent exile during the Commonwealth period, that are the major focus of the book. This fascinating and illuminating account of Goring's life, character and actions, provides not only a fresh examination of this contentious figure, but also reveals much about English society and culture in the first half of the seventeenth century.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Florene S. Memegalos - George Goring (1608-1657); Caroline courtier and royalist general (2007).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Janet Kamphorst - In Praise of Death; History and Poetry in Medieval Marwar (South Asia) (2008).jpg

This study documents the historical and religious meaning of battle death in the desert regions of India and Pakistan. It offers new insights into the religious symbolism underlying martial ideals and identity politics with an analysis of heroic and epic genres and the literary-historical processes that lead to the deification of warrior-heroes in South Asia.By describing the different degrees of narrative importance that poets attached to battle-death, the author suggests new ways of interpreting the region's warlike past.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Janet Kamphorst - In Praise of Death; History and Poetry in Medieval Marwar (South Asia) (2008).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Anthony F. D'Elia - A Sudden Terror; The Plot to M urder the Pope in Renaissance Rome (2009).jpg

In 1468, on the final night of Carnival in Rome, Pope Paul II sat enthroned above the boisterous crowd, when a scuffle caught his eye. His guards had intercepted a mysterious stranger trying urgently to convey a warning—conspirators were lying in wait to slay the pontiff. Twenty humanist intellectuals were quickly arrested, tortured on the rack, and imprisoned in separate cells in the damp dungeon of Castel Sant’Angelo.
Anthony D’Elia offers a compelling, surprising story that reveals a Renaissance world that witnessed the rebirth of interest in the classics, a thriving homoerotic culture, the clash of Christian and pagan values, the contest between republicanism and a papal monarchy, and tensions separating Christian Europeans and Muslim Turks. Using newly discovered sources, he shows why the pope targeted the humanists, who were seen as dangerously pagan in their Epicurean morals and their Platonic beliefs about the soul and insurrectionist in their support of a more democratic Church. Their fascination with Sultan Mehmed II connected them to the Ottoman Turks, enemies of Christendom, and the love of the classical world tied them to recent rebellious attempts to replace papal rule with a republic harking back to the glorious days of Roman antiquity.
From the cosmetic-wearing, parrot-loving pontiff to the Turkish sultan, savage in war but obsessed with Italian culture, D’Elia brings to life a Renaissance world full of pageantry, mayhem, and conspiracy and offers a fresh interpretation of humanism as a dynamic communal movement.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Anthony F. D'Elia - A Sudden Terror; The Plot to M urder the Pope in Renaissance Rome (2009).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Christopher Schabel - Theological Quodlibeta in th e Middle Ages; The Thirteenth Century (2006).jpg

This is the first of two volumes on theological quodlibeta, records of special disputations held before Christmas and Easter ca. 1230-1330, mostly at the University of Paris, in which audience members asked the great masters of theology the questions for debate, questions de quolibet, "about anything." The variety of the material and the authors’ stature make the genre uniquely fascinating.
In Volume I, chapters by acknowledged experts introduce the genre, cover the quodlibeta of Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, Giles of Rome, Godfrey of Fontaines, and 13th-century Franciscans, and demonstrate how the masters used quodlibeta to construct and express their authority on issues from politics and economics to two-headed monsters.
For all those interested in medieval studies, especially intellectual history.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Christopher Schabel - Theological Quodlibeta in th e Middle Ages; The Thirteenth Century (2006).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Barry D. Webby, Florentin Paris, Mary L. Droser, I an G. Percival - The Great Ordovician Biodiversifi cation Event (2004).jpg

All History - Barry D. Webby, Florentin Paris, Mary L. Droser, Ian ... - The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event 2004.jpg

Two of the greatest evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth occurred during Early Paleozoic time. The first was the Cambrian explosion of skeletonized marine animals about 540 million years ago. The second was the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event," which is the focus of this book. During the 46-million-year Ordovician Period (489--443 m.y.), a bewildering array of adaptive radiations of "Paleozoic- and Modern-type" biotas appeared in marine habitats, the first animals (arthropods) walked on land, and the first non-vascular bryophyte-like plants (based on their cryptospore record) colonized terrestrial areas with damp environments.
This book represents a compilation by a large team of Ordovician specialists from around the world, who have enthusiastically cooperated to produce this first globally orientated, internationally sponsored IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) project on Ordovician biotas. The major part is an assembly of genus- and species-level diversity data for the many Ordovician fossil groups. The book also presents an evaluation of how each group diversified through Ordovician time, with assessments of patterns of change and rates of origination and extinction. As such, it will become the standard work and data source for biotic studies on the Ordovician Period.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Isabel Iribarren, Martin Lenz - Angels in medieval philosophical inquiry;Their function and signific ance (2008).jpg

All History - Isabel Iribarren, Martin Lenz - Angels in medieval ph...sophical inquiryTheir function and significance 2008.jpg

The nature and properties of angels occupied a prominent place in medieval philosophical inquiry. Creatures of two worlds, angels provided ideal ground for exploring the nature of God and his creation, being perceived as 'models' according to which a whole range of questions were defined, from cosmological order, movement, and place, to individuation, cognition, volition, and modes of language.This collection of essays is a significant scholarly contribution to angelology, centred on the function and significance of angels in medieval speculation and its history. The unifying theme is that of the role of angels in philosophical inquiry, where each contribution represents a case study in which the angelic model is seen to motivate developments in specific areas and periods of medieval philosophical thought.
Isabel Iribarren is Junior Research Fellow in Medieval Theology at St John's College, Oxford, UK. Martin Lenz is Research Assistant in the Institut fur Philosophie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Gary W. Jenkins - John Jewel and the English Natio nal Church; The dilemmas of an Erastian reformer ( 2006).jpg

John Jewel (1522-1571) has long been regarded as one of the key figures in the shaping of the Anglican Church. A Marian exile, he returned to England upon the accession of Elizabeth I, and was appointed bishop of Salisbury in 1560 and wrote his famous Apologia Ecclesiae Anglicanae two years later.The most recent monographs on Jewel, now over forty years old, focus largely on his theology, casting him as deft scholar, adept humanist, precursor to Hooker, arbiter of Anglican identity and seminal mind in the formation of Anglicanism. Yet in light of modern research it is clear that much of this does not stand up to closer examination. In this work, Gary Jenkins argues that, far from serving as the constructor of a positive Anglican identity, Jewel's real contribution pertains to the genesis of its divided and schizophrenic nature. Drawing on a variety of sources and scholarship, he paints a picture not of a theologian and humanist, but an orator and rhetorician, who persistently breached the rules of logic and the canons of Renaissance humanism in an effort to claim polemical victory over his traditionalist opponents such as Thomas Harding.By taking such an iconoclastic approach to Jewel, this work not only offers a radical reinterpretation of the man, but of the Church he did so much to shape. It provides a vivid insight into the intent and ends of Jewel with respect to what he saw the Church of England under the Elizabethan settlement to be, as well as into the unintended consequences of his work. In so doing, it demonstrates how he used his Patristic sources, often uncritically and faultily, as foils against his theological

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15 lip 18 15:18

Gary W. Jenkins - John Jewel and the English Natio nal Church; The dilemmas of an Erastian reformer ( 2006).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Adam Kuper - Incest and Influence; The Private Lif e of Bourgeois England (2009).jpg

Like many gentlemen of his time, Charles Darwin married his first cousin. In fact, marriages between close relatives were commonplace in nineteenth-century England, and Adam Kuper argues that they played a crucial role in the rise of the bourgeoisie.Incest and Influence shows us just how the political networks of the eighteenth-century aristocracy were succeeded by hundreds of in-married bourgeois clans—in finance and industry, in local and national politics, in the church, and in intellectual life. In a richly detailed narrative, Kuper deploys his expertise as an anthropologist to analyze kin marriages among the Darwins and Wedgwoods, in Quaker and Jewish banking families, and in the Clapham Sect and their descendants over four generations, ending with a revealing account of the Bloomsbury Group, the most eccentric product of English bourgeois endogamy.These marriage strategies were the staple of novels, and contemporaries were obsessed with them. But there were concerns. Ideas about incest were in flux as theological doctrines were challenged. For forty years Victorian parliaments debated whether a man could marry his deceased wife’s sister. Cousin marriage troubled scientists, including Charles Darwin and his cousin Francis Galton, provoking revolutionary ideas about breeding and heredity.This groundbreaking study brings out the connection between private lives, public fortunes, and the history of imperial Britain.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Adam Kuper - Incest and Influence; The Private Lif e of Bourgeois England (2009).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Alex Owen - The Place of Enchantment; British Occu ltism and the Culture of the Modern (2004).jpg

By the end of the nineteenth century, Victorians were seeking rational explanations for the world in which they lived. The radical ideas of Charles Darwin had shaken traditional religious beliefs. Sigmund Freud was developing his innovative models of the conscious and unconscious mind. And anthropologist James George Frazer was subjecting magic, myth, and ritual to systematic inquiry. Why, then, in this quintessentially modern moment, did late-Victorian and Edwardian men and women become absorbed by metaphysical quests, heterodox spiritual encounters, and occult experimentation?

In answering this question for the first time, The Place of Enchantment breaks new ground in its consideration of the role of occultism in British culture prior to World War I. Rescuing occultism from its status as an "irrational indulgence" and situating it at the center of British intellectual life, Owen argues that an involvement with the occult was a leitmotif of the intellectual avant-garde. Carefully placing a serious engagement with esotericism squarely alongside revolutionary understandings of rationality and consciousness, Owen demonstrates how a newly psychologized magic operated in conjunction with the developing patterns of modern life. She details such fascinating examples of occult practice as the sex magic of Aleister Crowley, the pharmacological experimentation of W. B. Yeats, and complex forms of astral clairvoyance as taught in secret and hierarchical magical societies like the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.

Through a remarkable blend of theoretical discussion and intellectual history, Owen has produced a work that moves far beyond a consideration of occultists and their world. Bearing directly on our understanding of modernity, her conclusions will force us to rethink the place of the irrational in modern culture.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Robert O. Paxton - The Anatomy of Fascismn (2005).jpg

A scholar of Vichy France, Paxton focuses here on the literature about fascism. The term is used with abandon in contemporary political discourse, reflecting scholarly disagreement about how to define it. His historical source material predominantly emanates from Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany, an obvious but necessary observation since the "fascist" status of other authoritarian regimes is contentious. Paxton does integrate biographies of the two ur-fascists into his dissection, but he comments frequently that a researcher's fixation on the leader obscures rather than clarifies the rise of his party, as does a propensity to focus on the party's ideology instead of its actions, and he follows the significantly different trajectories of radicalism taken by the Fascists and the Nazis. Formulating a five-stage life cycle of fascism from birth in "mobilizing passions" provoked by World War I to its destructiveness in power, Paxton wants his intricate but readable work to "rescue the concept [of fascism] for meaningful use," a laudable goal largely achieved.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Christopher Leuchars - To the Bitter End; Paraguay and the War of the Triple Alliance (2004).jpg

The decision of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay to go to war against Paraguay in May 1965 has generally been regarded as a response to the raids by the headstrong and tyrannical dictator, Francisco Solano Lopez. Leuchars looks at the political causes, the course of the conflict as viewed from both sides, and the tragic aftermath. He brings to light an episode that marked a turning point in the development of South American international relations.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Christopher Leuchars - To the Bitter End; Paraguay and the War of the Triple Alliance (2004).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Noah Charney - Stealing the Mystic Lamb; The True Story of the World's Most Coveted Masterpiece (201 0).jpg

Jan van Eyck’s Ghent Altarpiece is on any art historian’s list of the ten most important paintings ever made. Often referred to by the subject of its central panel, The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, it represents the fulcrum between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. It is also the most frequently stolen artwork of all time.
Since its completion in 1432, this twelve-panel oil painting has been looted in three different wars, burned, dismembered, forged, smuggled, illegally sold, censored, hidden, attacked by iconoclasts, hunted by the Nazis and Napoleon, used as a diplomatic tool, ransomed, rescued by Austrian double-agents, and stolen a total of thirteen times.
In this fast-paced, real-life thriller, art historian Noah Charney unravels the stories of each of these thefts. In the process, he illuminates the whole fascinating history of art crime, and the psychological, ideological, religious, political, and social motivations that have led many men to covet this one masterpiece above all others.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Noah Charney - Stealing the Mystic Lamb; The True Story of the World's Most Coveted Masterpiece (201 0).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Gerry Kearns - Geopolitics and Empire; The Legacy of Halford Mackinder (2009).jpg

Geopolitics and Empire examines the relations between two phenomena that are central to modern conceptions of international relations. Geopolitics is the understanding of the inter-relations between empires, states, individuals, private companies, NGOs and multilateral agencies as these are expressed and shaped spatially. This view of the world achieved notoriety as the scientific basis claimed by Nazi ideologists of global conquest. However, under this or another name, similar sets of ideas were important on both sides of the Cold War and now have a renewed resonance in debates over the New World Order of the so-called Global War on Terror. Geopolitics is a way of describing the conflicts between states as constrained by both physical and economic space. It makes such conflicts seem inevitable.
The argument of the book is that this view of the world continues to appear salient because it serves to make the projection of force overseas seem an inevitable aspect of the foreign policy of states. This quasi-Darwinian view of international relations makes the pursuit of Empire appear a responsibility of larger and more powerful states. Powerful states must become Empires or submit to others seeking something similar. In its associations with Empire, the study of Geopolitics returns continually to the ideas of a British geographer who never himself used the term. Halford Mackinder is the source of many of the ideas of Geopolitics and by examining his ideas both in their original context and as they have been repeatedly rediscovered and reinvented this book contributes to current discussions of the ideology and practices of the US Empire today.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Gerry Kearns - Geopolitics and Empire; The Legacy of Halford Mackinder (2009).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

James Delgado, Clive Cussler - Adventures of a Sea Hunter; In Search of Famous Shipwrecks (2004).jpg

Leading archaeologist and consummate storyteller James Delgado takes readers on a rollicking deep-sea dive into his highly unusual life's work: locating and exploring the world's most famous shipwrecks. Colorful characters, near misses, and the thrill of standing — or floating — in history's footprints make for a highly entertaining look at the fascinating history and glittering bounty beneath the waves. Included are accounts of Pearl Harbor, the Titanic, and Bikini Atoll, site of the world's first nuclear tests.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Frances Gies, Joseph Gies - Life in a Medieval Vil lage (1991).jpg

According to the authors of Life in a Medieval City , the vast majority of medieval Europeans lived in villages--"permanent communities organized for agricultural production." This earnest but dry distillation of period documents and archeological records focuses on Elton, an extant village located 70 miles north of London. The Gieses examine the dynamics of Elton's open-field type of agriculture; the division of the villagers into free and unfree, rich and poor; and the relationship between peasants and their ecclesiastical lord. Also discussed are the peasants' simple dress; meager diet; primitive housing; quarrels and lawsuits; sexual mores; rites of marriage, death and inheritance; and penchant for ale. Coroners' rolls reveal that parents frequently neglected infants; court accounts demonstrate that witnesses of crimes were obligated to come to the rescue of the victim. While valuable to history students, the barrage of facts presented here won't come alive for lay readers.

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Chandrika Kaul - Media and the British Empire (200 6).jpg

'The only true history of a country', wrote Thomas Macaulay, 'is to be found in its newspapers.' Yet in the past scholars of imperial history and of the media have worked in separate, compartmentalized spheres and it is only recently that an integrationist approach has been taken towards studying the imperial experience. This book explores how the media shaped and defined the economic, social, political and cultural dynamics of the British Empire by viewing it from the perpective of the colonised as well as the colonisers.

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Chandrika Kaul - Media and the British Empire (200 6).pdf

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David Rollison - A Commonwealth of the People; Pop ular Politics and England's Long Social Revolution , 1066-1649 (2010).jpg

All History - David Rollison - A Commonwealth of the People Popular... and Englands Long Social Revolution, 1066-1649 2010.jpg

In 1500 fewer than three million people spoke English; today English speakers number at least a billion worldwide. This book asks how and why a small island people became the nucleus of an empire 'on which the sun never set'. David Rollison argues that the 'English explosion' was the outcome of a long social revolution with roots deep in the medieval past. A succession of crises from the Norman Conquest to the English Revolution were causal links and chains of collective memory in a unique, vernacular, populist movement. The keyword of this long revolution, 'commonwealth', has been largely invisible in traditional constitutional history. This panoramic synthesis of political, intellectual, social, cultural, religious, economic, literary and linguistic movements offers a 'new constitutional history' in which state institutions and power elites were subordinate and answerable to a greater community that the early modern English called 'commonwealth' and we call 'society'.

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Brett Edward Whalen - Dominion of God; Christendom and Apocalypse in the Middle Ages (2009).jpg

Brett Whalen explores the compelling belief that Christendom would spread to every corner of the earth before the end of time. During the High Middle Ages—an era of crusade, mission, and European expansion—the Western followers of Rome imagined the future conversion of Jews, Muslims, pagans, and Eastern Christians into one fold of God’s people, assembled under the authority of the Roman Church.
Starting with the eleventh-century papal reform, Whalen shows how theological readings of history, prophecies, and apocalyptic scenarios enabled medieval churchmen to project the authority of Rome over the world. Looking to Byzantium, the Islamic world, and beyond, Western Christians claimed their special place in the divine plan for salvation, whether they were battling for Jerusalem or preaching to unbelievers. For those who knew how to read the signs, history pointed toward the triumph and spread of Roman Christianity.
Yet this dream of Christendom raised troublesome questions about the problem of sin within the body of the faithful. By the late thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, radical apocalyptic thinkers numbered among the papacy’s most outspoken critics, who associated present-day ecclesiastical institutions with the evil of Antichrist—a subversive reading of the future. For such critics, the conversion of the world would happen only after the purgation of the Roman Church and a time of suffering for the true followers of God.
This engaging and beautifully written book offers an important window onto Western religious views in the past that continue to haunt modern times.

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Brett Edward Whalen - Dominion of God; Christendom and Apocalypse in the Middle Ages (2009).pdf

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Kristina A. Curry Rogers, Jeffrey A. Wilson - The Sauropods; Evolution and Paleobiology (2005).jpg

Sauropod dinosaurs were the largest animals ever to walk the earth, and they represent a substantial portion of vertebrate biomass and biodiversity during the Mesozoic Era. The story of sauropod evolution is told in an extensive fossil record of skeletons and footprints that span the globe and 150 million years of earth history. This generously illustrated volume is the first comprehensive scientific summary of sauropod evolution and paleobiology. The contributors explore sauropod anatomy, detail its variations, and question the myth that life at large size led to evolutionary stagnation and eventual replacement by more "advanced" herbivorous dinosaurs. Chapters address topics such as the evolutionary history and diversity of sauropods; methods for creating three-dimensional reconstructions of their skeletons; questions of sauropod herbivory, tracks, gigantism, locomotion, reproduction, growth rates, and more. This book, together with the recent surge in sauropod discoveries around the world and taxonomic revisions of fragmentary genera, will shed new light on "nature's greatest extravagances."

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