Extraordinary Circumstances tells the story of the Seven Days Battles, the first campaign in the Civil War in which Robert E. Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia. Listed by J. F .C. Fuller as one of the 51 decisive military campaigns in Western history, the Seven Days were fought in the area south-east of the Confederate capitol of Richmond from June 25 to July 1, 1862. Lee and his fellow officers, including "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, A. P. Hill, and D. H. Hill, pushed George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac from the gates of Richmond to the James River. Along the way, Lee lost several opportunities to harm McClellan severely, but the Union forces, marching all night and fighting during the day, managed to reach safety. The campaign lifted Southern spirits, began Lee's ascent to fame, and almost prompted European recognition of the Confederacy. The Seven Days also began a string of events leading to the Emancipation Proclamation and the shift toward total war. McClellan's defeat meant his dream of bringing the United States together as it was before the outbreak of the war was gone forever, and the country's very nature changed as a result.

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Brian K. Burton - Extraordinary Circumstances, The Seven Days Battles (2001).pdf

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Hongshan Li - U.S.-China Educational Exchange, Sta te, Society, and Intercultural Relations, 1905-195 0.jpg

U.S. - China relations became increasingly important and complex in the twentieth century. While economic, political, and military interactions all grew over time, the most dramatic expansion took place in educational exchange, turning it into the strongest tie between the two nations. By the end of the 1940s, tens of thousands of Chinese and American students and scholars had crisscrossed the Pacific, leaving indelible marks on both societies. Although all exchange programs were terminated during the cold war, the two nations reemerged as top partners within a decade after the reestablishment of diplomatic relations. Approaching U.S. - China relations from a unique and usually overlooked perspective, Hongshan Li reveals that both the drastic expansion and complete termination of educational ties between the two nations in the first half of the twentieth century were largely the results of direct and deep intervention from the American and Chinese governments. Benefiting from government support and collaboration, educational exchange succeeded in diffusing knowledge and improving mutual understanding between the two peoples across the divide of civilizations. However, the visible hand of government also proved to be most destructive to the development of healthy intercultural relations when educational interactions were treated merely as an instrument for crisis management.

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Hongshan Li - U.S.-China Educational Exchange, Sta te, Society, and Intercultural Relations, 1905-195 0.pdf

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Joseph L Grabill - Protestant diplomacy and the Ne ar East, Missionary influence on American policy, 1810-1927 (1971).jpg

USA Books1 - Joseph L Grabill - Protestant diplomacy and the Near E...ssionary influence on American policy, 1810-1927 1971.jpg

For understand of the Middle East today, it is essential to know something of the historical background of that region, traditionally known as the Near East. In tracing the influence of American Protestant missionary activities on American foreign policy and diplomacy in the Near East, Professor Grabill contributes significantly to an understanding of contemporary affairs. It becomes clear, in this account, that missionaries and philanthropists were the most influential force in the United States relations with the Near East through the First World War and its aftermath. An important turning point in the history occurred in 1915 when officials of the Ottoman Empire massacred or deported several hundred thousand Turkish Armenians, among whom were the principal constituents of the American missionaries. This prompted the mission groups to shift their emphasis from evangelism and education to the development of the second largest relief organization in the United States history )eventually called Near East Relief). Through powerful lobbying, the missionaries got their government to consider seriously a protectorate over Armenia or all of Asia Minor. Despite their political failure, the religionists succeeded as cultural frontiersmen through their colleges, such as the American University of Beirut, and their technical assistance programs, which showed the way for the Fulbright, foreign aid, and Peace Corps programs. The archives of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Congregrational) and the Presbyterian Board of Missions provided rich source material for this book. The illustrations include photographs and maps.

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Joseph L Grabill - Protestant diplomacy and the Ne ar East, Missionary influence on American policy, 1810-1927 (1971).pdf

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John A. DeNovo - American Interests and Policies i n the Middle East 1900-1939 (1963).jpg

Scholars concerned with the diplomatic history of the United States have largely neglected the subject of American relations with the Middle East during the four decades before World War I. With this study, Professor DeNovo fills the gap by describing and assessing the United States cultural, economic, and diplomatic relations with Turkey, Persia, and the Arab East in that period. He traces, chronologically and topically, the activities of such American interest groups as Protestant missionaries, educators, philanthropists, archaeologists, businessmen, and technical advisers, as well as the official actions of their government. The account falls roughly into three chronological periods. The first section traces the interest groups through the pre-World War I years of political and cultural stirring in the Ottoman Empire and Persia. Special attention is given to the Chester Project for railroad development in Turkey. The second part deals with the upheavals accompanying World War I and the tasks of peacemaking from the Mudros armistice through the Lausanne settlement of 1923. The latter chapters detail the rise of the Turkish national movement, the deepening Persian and Arab nationalism, and the accommodation of American cultural and economic groups to these conditions. The author points out that before World War II began, Americans had acquired a significant interest in Middle Eastern oil and had become emotionally involved in the Arab-Zionist tension. In 1939 the United States was on the verge of a new phase in its Middle Eastern relations when that region would become more intimately linked to America national security.

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John A. DeNovo - American Interests and Policies i n the Middle East 1900-1939 (1963).pdf

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Michael Martone - Townships (1992).jpg

The Midwest, says Martone (editor of A Place of Sense ), has never had a distinctive regional identity. To redress that situation, he invited 24 of the area's best writers to focus on its townships, six-mile-by-six-mile squares arbitrarily defined by government surveyors. Unfortunately, everything about this volume seems arbitrary. The editor decided by fiat which states composed the region (Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa), and no unifying bond is ever revealed. As Martone himself asks, "what links the autoworker in Detroit with the actuary in Des Moines?" What does Ray A. Young Bear, writing poignantly about his tribe's creation myth, have in common with Anthony Bukoski relating his passionate attachment to the Superior Bay wetlands? What does Carol Bly, learning about a blond-haired Jesus in Duluth, share with Deborah Galyan, whose black high school teacher taught her about Joseph Conrad and about life in Bloomington, Ind.? The reader may recall Gertrude Stein's remark about Oakland, "There is no there there." Photos by Raymond Bial not seen by PW.

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Michael Martone - Townships (1992).chm

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Tino Balio - United Artists, The Company Built by the Stars, Volume 1, 1919-1950 (2009).jpg

United Artists was a unique motion picture company in the history of Hollywood. Founded by Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, and director D.W. Griffith—four of the greatest names of the silent era—United Artists functioned as a distribution company for independent producers. In this lively and detailed history of United Artists from 1919 through 1951, film scholar Tino Balio chronicles the company’s struggle for survival, its rise to prominence as the Tiffany of the industry, and its near extinction in the 1940s. This edition is updated with a new introduction by Balio that places in relief UA’s operations for those readers who may be unfamiliar with film industry practices and adds new perspective to the company’s place within Hollywood.

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Tino Balio - United Artists, The Company Built by the Stars, Volume 1, 1919-1950 (2009).pdf

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Michael Newton - The Encyclopedia of American Law Enforcement (2007).jpg

Written in a clear and engaging style, "The Encyclopedia of American Law Enforcement" provides an A-to-Z history of the police and law enforcement authorities in the United States - from the 17th century to the present. More than 600 entries highlight the world of law enforcement and its role throughout history. This entertaining volume is the perfect handy reference for anyone interested in the history of American police and law enforcement agencies. Coverage includes: all major federal law enforcement agencies; at least one police department from each state; biographies of key figures; civil rights and social issues; community outreach efforts; famous or infamous incidents and scandals; law enforcement campaigns, such as the War on Drugs; police codes, organization, and jargon; police tactics and special units; types of crime; and, women in law enforcement.

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Michael Newton - The Encyclopedia of American Law Enforcement (2007).pdf

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James Estep - Company Commander Vietnam (1991).jpg

During four tours of duty in Vietnam between 1962 and 1973, Estep rose from sergeant to captain. A dedicated soldier, he was an accessible and understanding leader for the company, as can be seen in his view of combat: "The death of enemy soldiers . . . produced . . . a feeling of exhilaration much like that experienced when one's high school football team scores a touchdown." At the same time he also reports on the horrors of war, of infantrymen cut in half by enemy fire, of a firefight in a sector littered with two-week-old decaying corpses, of leeches in every rice paddy, of the serious wound that cut short his third tour. As candid and vivid as this account is, the now-retired Estep left Vietnam puzzled by the enemy's tenacious dedication. Nonetheless an impressive.

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James Estep - Company Commander Vietnam (1991).pdf

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John Lewis Gaddis, Philip H. Gordon, Ernest R. May , Jonathan Rosenberg - Cold War Statesmen Confront the Bomb, Nuclear Diplomacy since 1945 (1999).jpg

USA Books1 - John Lewis Gaddis, Philip H. Gordon, Ernest R. May, Jo... Confront the Bomb, Nuclear Diplomacy since 1945 1999.jpg

Many scholars and much conventional wisdom assumes that nuclear deterrence has prevented major power war since the end of the Second World War; this remains a principal tenet of US strategic policy today. Others challenge this assumption, and argue that major war would have been "obsolete" even without the bomb.
This book tests these propositions by examining the careers of ten leading Cold War statesmen--Harry S Truman, John Foster Dulles, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Josef Stalin, Nikita Krushchev, Mao Zedong, Winston Churchill, Charles De Gaulle, and Konrad Adenauer--and asking whether they viewed war, and its acceptability, differently after the advent of the bomb. The book's authors argue almost unanimously that nuclear weapons did have a significant effect on the thinking of these leading statesmen of the nuclear age, but a dissenting epilogue from John Mueller challenges this thesis.

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John Lewis Gaddis, Philip H. Gordon, Ernest R. May , Jonathan Rosenberg - Cold War Statesmen Confront the Bomb, Nuclear Diplomacy since 1945 (1999).pdf

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James R. McDonough - Platoon Leader (1986).jpg

A remarkable memoir of small-unit leadership and the coming of age of a young soldier in combat in Vietnam.'

"Using a lean style and a sense of pacing drawn from the tautest of novels, McDonough has produced a gripping account of his first command, a U.S. platoon taking part in the 'strategic hamlet' program. . . . Rather than present a potpourri of combat yarns. . . McDonough has focused a seasoned storyteller’s eye on the details, people, and incidents that best communicate a visceral feel of command under fire. . . . For the author’s honesty and literary craftsmanship, Platoon Leader seems destined to be read for a long time by second lieutenants trying to prepare for the future, veterans trying to remember the past, and civilians trying to understand what the profession of arms is all about.”–Army Times

About the Author
Cololonel James McDonough, USA (Ret.), graduated from West Point and served in Vietnam as an infantry platoon leader in the legendary 173d Airborne Brigade. A military theorist who has helped shape the post-Cold War army’s thinking, he is also the author of The Defense of Hill 781 and The Limits of Glory. Now retired from active duty, McDonough lives with his family in Tallahassee, Florida.

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Jim Cox - American Radio Networks, A History (2009 ).jpg

This book is a history of commercial broadcast radio networks in the United States from the 1920s to the present. It covers the four transcontinental webs that operated during the pre-television Golden Age, plus local and regional hookups, and the developments that have occurred in the decades since, including the impact of television, rise of the disc jockey, the rise of talk radio and other specialized formats, implications of satellite technology and consolidation of networks and local stations.

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Jim Cox - American Radio Networks, A History (2009 ).pdf

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Michael J. Winey - Union Army Uniforms at Gettysbu rg (1998).jpg

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Michael J. Winey - Union Army Uniforms at Gettysbu rg (1998).pdf

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Robert Cettl - Terrorism in American Cinema, An An alytical Filmography, 1960-2008 (2009).jpg

The American cinema of terrorism, although coming to prominence primarily in the 1970s amidst high-profile Palestinian terrorist activity, actually dates back to the beginnings of the Cold War. But this early terrorist cinema, centered largely around the Bomb--who had it, who would use it, and when--differs greatly from the terrorist cinema that would follow. Changing world events soon broadened the cinema of terrorism to address emerging international conflicts, including Black September, pre-9/11 Middle Eastern conflicts, and the post-9/11 "War on Terror." This analytical filmography of American terrorist films establishes terrorist cinema as a unique subgenre with distinct thematic narrative and stylistic trends. It covers all major American films dealing with terrorism, from Otto Preminger's Exodus (1960) to Ridley Scott's Body of Lies (2008).

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Robert Cettl - Terrorism in American Cinema, An An alytical Filmography, 1960-2008 (2009).pdf

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David D. Newsom - The Imperial Mantle, The United States, Decolonization, and the Third World (2001).jpg

Many Americans are bewildered by the hostilities and even hatred toward the United States on the part of newly independent Third World nations. Are we not the country of freedom and hope? Doesn't almost everybody want to come here and share in the benefits of our great system, the American way of life? Are we not the leader of the world democratic movement? Why are we so often seen as repressive and anti-democratic? Why does it matter? These are the questions that experienced diplomat and scholar David D. Newsom seeks to understand in this thoughtful review of US relations with the Third World since World War II. Newsom traces the upheavals in the post-war era as the peoples of British, Dutch, Belgium, and Portuguese empires demanded and gained independence. The new nations had a sense of shared heritage and pressed the industrial world for assistance in trade and financial concessions. They were especially strident in the United Nations General Assembly. As the most powerful leader of the free world, despite its anti-colonial heritage, the United States tended to inherit the imperial mantle in this period, becoming the focus both of expectations and demands from the new nations. How the United States lived up to these expectations, and how it responded to the challenge of world leadership and the burdens of being number one constitute the central issues engaged by this book. It is must reading for anyone who wants to understand the foreign policy challenges that America will face in the twenty-first century.

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David D. Newsom - The Imperial Mantle, The United States, Decolonization, and the Third World (2001).pdf

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Robert Morlan - Political Prairie Fire, The Nonpar tisan Leauge, 1915-1922 (1955).jpg

Political Prairie Fire was first published in 1955. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. Political Prairie Fire was first published in 1955. The farmers of North Dakota were ripe for revolt when the magnetic figure of A. C. Townley strode into their midst and offered them a new political formula to redress their grievances. Townley's plan was simple but revolutionary; it called for the formation of a Nonpartisan Political League dedicated to the election of candidates through the established two-party system and to a platform emphasizing public ownership of certain vital farm services and facilities, such as terminal grain elevators and hail insurance on crops. Like the great prairie fires of the plains states, the political flames of the Nonpartisan League spread swiftly from one farm to the next across North Dakota and into the adjoining states. The League is regarded by many as the last of the great agrarian protest movements. It is historically significant because it achieved a measure of success well beyond that of most similar movements. It controlled the government of one state for some years, elected state officials and legislators in a number of midwestern and western states, and sent several congressmen to Washington. Its impact helped shape the destinies of a dozen states and the political philosophies of an important segment of the nation's voters. The League's methods of operation often serve today as a guide for political action. This is the first detailed, unbiased history of the Nonpartisan League. Thoroughly documented for the specialist, it is nevertheless equally interesting for the general reader.

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