This book examines the relationship between the Communist political elite and the largely anti-Communist intellectual elite during the decade of reform (1977-1989). The author, who was a participant in these events, shows how intellectuals gained control of state institutions and organized resistance to the Deng Xiaoping regime. The book will be of interest to students of China and of comparative communism.

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5,3 MB
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X. L. Ding - The Decline of Communism in China, Le gitimacy Crisis, 1977-1989 (1994).pdf

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Modern World Leaders - Richard Worth - Kim Jong IL (2008).jpg

North Korea has been a communist dictatorship since shortly after the end of World War II. Ruled by the iron hand of Kim Il Sung, the nation struggled economically compared to South Korea, which engineered an economic miracle. Kim died in 1994, turning over the government to his son, Kim Jong Il. A pampered youth, Kim Jong Il gradually took over a variety of powerful positions in his father's government. After he became the dictator, the country suffered a series of economic disasters that brought death to thousands of people. Meanwhile, Kim Jong Il became widely known for turning North Korea into a nuclear power. During the early 21st century, President George W. Bush labeled North Korea part of the Axis of Evil. But some experts on North Korea believe that Kim is simply using the nuclear card to gain worldwide respect and economic aid from the United States. Nevertheless, Kim Jong Il remains a highly controversial leader.

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3,7 MB
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Modern World Leaders - Richard Worth - Kim Jong IL (2008).pdf

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Anitra Nelson - Marx's Concept of Money, The God o f Commodities (1999).jpg

This ground-breaking study places Marx's theory of money within the wider context of his political and philosophical thought, with particular reference to "alienation."

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10,0 MB
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Anitra Nelson - Marx's Concept of Money, The God o f Commodities (1999).pdf

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Richard H. Cummings - Cold War Radio, The Dangerou s History of American Broadcasting in Europe, 1950 -1989 (2009).jpg

Communism - Richard H. Cummings - Cold War Radio, The Dangerous Hi...ry of American Broadcasting in Europe, 1950-1989 2009.jpg

During the Cold War, Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty broadcast uncensored news and commentary to people living in communist nations. As critical elements of the CIA's early covert activities against communist regimes in Eastern Europe, the Munich-based stations drew a large audience despite efforts to jam the broadcasts and ban citizens from listening to them. This history of the stations in the Cold War era reveals the perils their staff faced from the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Romania and other communist states. It recounts in detail the murder of writer Georgi Markov, the 1981 bombing of the stations by "Carlos the Jackal," infiltration by KGB agent Oleg Tumanov and other events. Appendices include security reports, letters between Carlos the Jackal and German terrorist Johannes Weinrich and other documents, many of which have never been published.

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2,7 MB
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Richard H. Cummings - Cold War Radio, The Dangerou s History of American Broadcasting in Europe, 1950 -1989 (2009).pdf

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201 KB
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Christopher Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin - The Sword A nd The Shield, The Mitrokhin Archive And The Secre t History Of The KGB (1999).jpg

Communism - Christopher Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin - The Sword And T...trokhin Archive And The Secret History Of The KGB 1999.jpg

The book is based on one of the most extraordinary intelligence coups of recent times: a secret archive of top-level KGB documents smuggled out of the Soviet Union which the FBI has described, after close examination, as the "most complete and extensive intelligence ever received from any source."

Its presence in the West represents a catastrophic hemorrhage of the KGB’s secrets and reveals for the first time the full extent of its worldwide network.Vasili Mitrokhin, a secret dissident who worked in the KGB archive, smuggled out copies of its most highly classified files every day for twelve years. In 1992, a U.S. ally succeeded in exfiltrating the KGB officer and his entire archive out of Moscow. The archive covers the entire period from the Bolshevik Revolution to the 1980s and includes revelations concerning almost every country in the world. But the KGB's main target, of course, was the United States.Though there is top-secret material on almost every country in the world, the United States is at the top of the list. As well as containing many fascinating revelations, this is a major contribution to the secret history of the twentieth century.Among the topics and revelations explored are: The KGB’s covert operations in the United States and throughout the West, some of which remain dangerous today. KGB files on Oswald and the JFK assassination that Boris Yeltsin almost certainly has no intention of showing President Clinton. The KGB’s attempts to discredit civil rights leader in the 1960s, including its infiltration of the inner circle of a key leader. The KGB’s use of radio intercept posts in New York and Washington, D.C., in the 1970s to intercept high-level U.S. government communications. The KGB’s attempts to steal technological secrets from major U.S. aerospace and technology corporations. KGB covert operations against former President Ronald Reagan, which began five years before he became president. KGB spies who successfully posed as U.S. citizens under a series of ingenious disguises, including several who attained access to the upper echelons of New York society.

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Richard Crockatt - The Fifty Years War, The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 19 41 - 1991 (1994).jpg

Communism - Richard Crockatt - The Fifty Years War, The United Sta... the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941 - 1991 1994.jpg

For fifty years, relations between the United States and the Soviet Union were the deciding factor in international affairs. War against Germany brought them together in 1941 in an alliance that was decisive in securing Germany's defeat. Victory ultimately drove them apart, giving rise to the continuous, if fluctuating, antagonism that was known as the Cold War. In 1991, following the collapse of communism and the re-drawing of the political map of central Europe, the Soviet Union itself disintegrated and with it the Cold War. Only now is it possible to view these years as a defined period of history. 7L The Fifty Years War is an insightful examination of the complex relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union, placing it in its global context. Richard Crockatt breaks new ground in seeking a synthesis of historical narrative and analysis of the global structures within which superpower relations developed. Crockett also looks at the role economics played in this relationship as well as political and military factors. The Fifty Years War is an authoritative and comprehensive history of the Cold War years and the relationship that has dominated world politics in the second half of the twentieth century.

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Alan Wood - The Origins of the Russian Revolution (1993).jpg

The Russian Revolution of 1917 has been described as the most important political event of the twentieth century. In tracing its origins, the author takes as his starting point the emancipation of the Russian serfs and the `Great Reforms' of the 1860s. He analyzes the evolution of the revolutionary movement, showing how the traditions of popular rebellion, intellectual opposition and military revolt combined and culminated in the upheavals of 1917. Because of the importance of of its ultimate victory in gaining political power, particular attention is given to the development of the Bolshevik Party. A final section surveys the manner in which the Revolution has been treated by both Western and Soviet historians. The book has been revised and expanded for this edition.

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Geraldine Lievesley - The Cuban Revolution, Past, Present and Future Perspectives (2004).jpg

The Cuban Revolution offers a reflective account of what the Revolution has meant to various actors (the dominant powers, the Third World, fellow revolutionaries, intellectuals and Cuban citizens) at different periods in its history. Rather than offer a simple narrative of events, Geraldine Lievesley addresses significant themes with which the Revolution has engaged and the problems it has encountered.

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Michael Gelb - An American Engineer in Stalin's Ru ssia, The Memoirs of Zara Witkin (1991).jpg

In 1932 Zara Witkin, a prominent American engineer, set off for the Soviet Union with two goals: to help build a society more just and rational than the bankrupt capitalist system at home, and to seek out the beautiful film star Emma Tsesarskaia. His memoirs offer a detailed view of Stalin's bureaucracyentrenched planners who snubbed new methods; construction bosses whose cover-ups led to terrible disasters; engineers who plagiarized Witkin's work; workers whose pride was defeated. Punctuating this document is the tale of Witkin's passion for Tsesarskaia and the record of his friendships with journalist Eugene Lyons, planner Ernst May, and others. Witkin felt beaten in the end by the lethargy and corruption choking the greatest social experiment in history, and by a pervasive evilthe suppression of human rights and dignity by a relentless dictatorship. Finally breaking his spirit was the dissolution of his romance with Emma, his "Dark Goddess." In his lively introduction, Michael Gelb provides the historical context of Witkin's experience, details of his personal life, and insights offered by Emma Tsesarskaia in an interview in 1989.

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Michael Gelb - An American Engineer in Stalin's Ru ssia, The Memoirs of Zara Witkin (1991).pdf

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Richard D. Wolff, Stephen A. Resnick - Economics, Marxian versus Neoclassical (1987).jpg

Wolff and Resnick provide a unique, balanced explication of the differing assumptions, logical structures, and arguments of neoclassical and Marxian economics. They address broader aspects of evaluating or choosing between alternative theories, but their conclusions are nonpolemical. Throughout, math is used simply and sparingly

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Linda Racioppi - Soviet Policy towards South Asia since 1970 (1994).jpg

This book traces the evolution of Soviet thinking about South Asia and the Third World from 1970 to the present, and examines how Soviet policy objectives changed during that period. The author offers a unique view of Soviet policy toward a region of particularly unstable states, and addresses all the political, military and economic issues involved, the regional constraints and policy opportunities that influenced the policy process in Moscow, and the relationship between Soviet perceptions and policy objectives.

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Linda Racioppi - Soviet Policy towards South Asia since 1970 (1994).pdf

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Pamela Lubell - The Chinese Communist Party During the Cultural Revolution, The Case of the Sixty-On e Renegades (2002).jpg

Communism - Pamela Lubell - The Chinese Communist Party During the... Revolution, The Case of the Sixty-One Renegades 2002.jpg

In 1936 a group of Chinese communists were released from jail after a humiliating renunciation of communism. The Chinese Communist Party then secretly employed them to galvanize support in nationalist areas of the country. The Party later condemned the members of this group as renegades before finally rehabilitating them in 1978. Pamela Lubell uncovers the fascinating history of these communists, known as the Sixty-one, and in doing so produces a revealing account of the tensions within the Chinese Communist Party.

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Walter Laqueur - The Dream that Failed, Reflection s on the Soviet Union (1996).jpg

Walter Laqueur as been hailed as "one of our most distinguished scholars of modern European history" in the New York Times Book Review. Robert Byrnes, writing in the Journal of Modern History, called him "one of the most remarkable men in the Western world working in the field." Over a span of three decades, in books ranging from Russia and Germany to the recent Black Hundred, he has won a reputation as a major writer and a provocative thinker. Now he turns his attention to the greatest enigma of our time: the rise and fall of the Soviet Union.
In The Dream that Failed, Laqueur offers an authoritative assessment of the Soviet era--from the triumph of Lenin to the fall of Gorbachev. In the last three years, decades of conventional wisdom about the U.S.S.R. have been swept away, while a flood of evidence from Russian archives demands new thinking about old assumptions. Laqueur rises to the challenge with a critical inquiry conducted on a grand scale. He shows why the Bolsheviks won the struggle for power in 1917; how they captured the commitment of a young generation of Russians; why the idealism faded as Soviet power grew; how the system ultimately collapsed; and why Western experts have been so wrong about the Communist state. Always thoughtful and incisive, Laqueur reflects on the early enthusiasm of foreign observers and Bolshevik revolutionaries--then takes a piercing look at the totalitarian nature of the Soviet Union. We see how Communist society stagnated during the 1960s and '70s, as the economy wobbled to the brink; we also see how Western observers, from academic experts to CIA analysts, made wildly optimistic estimates of Moscow's economic and political strength. Just weeks before the U.S.S.R. disappeared from the earth, scholars were confidently predicting the survival of the Soviet Union. But in underscoring the rot and repression, he also notes that the Communist state did not necessarily have to fall when it did, and he examines the many factors behind the collapse (the pressure from Reagan's Star Wars arms program, for instance, and ethnic nationalism). Some of these same problems, he finds, continue to shape the future of Russia and the other successor states.
Only now, in the rubble of this lost empire, are we coming to grips with just how wrong our assumptions about the U.S.S.R. had been. In The Dream That Failed, an internationally renowned historian provides a new understanding of the Soviet experience, from the rise of Communism to its sudden fall. The result of years of research and reflection, it sheds fresh light on a central episode in our turbulent century.

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Walter Laqueur - The Dream that Failed, Reflection s on the Soviet Union (1996).pdf

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Paul R. Josephson - Would Trotsky Wear a Bluetooth , Technological Utopianism under Socialism, 1917-1 989 (2009).jpeg

Communism - Paul R. Josephson - Would Trotsky Wear a Bluetooth, Te...hnological Utopianism under Socialism, 1917-1989 2009.jpeg

After visiting Russia in 1921, the journalist Lincoln Steffens famously declared, "I have seen the future, and it works." Steffens referred to the social experiment of technological utopianism he found in the Soviet Union, where subway cars and farm tractors would carry the worker and peasant -- figuratively and literally -- into the twentieth century. Believing that socialism and technology together created a brave new world, Boleslaw Bierut of Poland and Kim Il Sung of North Korea -- and other leaders -- joined Russia's Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky in embracing big technology with a verve and conviction that rivaled the western world's.
Paul R. Josephson here explores these utopian visions of technology -- and their unanticipated human and environmental costs. He examines the role of technology in communist plans and policies and the interplay between ideology and technological development. He shows that while technology was a symbol of regime legitimacy and an engine of progress, the changes it spurred were not unequivocally positive. Instead of achieving a worker's paradise, socialist technologies exposed the proletariat to dangerous machinery and deadly pollution; rather than freeing women from exploitation in family and labor, they paradoxically created for them the dual -- and exhausting -- burdens of mother and worker. The future did not work.
The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of communism's self-proclaimed glorious quest to "reach and surpass" the West. Josephson's intriguing study of how technology both helped and hindered this effort asks new and important questions about the crucial issues inextricably linked with the development and diffusion of technology in any sociopolitical system.

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Pieter Vanhuysse - Divide and Pacify, Strategic So cial Policies and Political Protests in Post-Commu nist Democracies (2006).jpg

Communism - Pieter Vanhuysse - Divide and Pacify, Strategic Social... Political Protests in Post-Communist Democracies 2006.jpg

Despite dramatic increases in poverty, unemployment, and social inequalities, the Central and Eastern European transitions from communism to market democracy in the 1990s have been remarkably peaceful. This book proposes a new explanation for this unexpected political quiescence. It shows how reforming governments in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic have been able to prevent massive waves of strikes and protests by the strategic use of welfare state programs such as pensions and unemployment benefits. Divide and Pacify explains how social policies were used to prevent massive job losses with softening labor market policies, or to split up highly aggrieved groups of workers in precarious jobs by sending some of them onto unemployment benefits and many others onto early retirement and disability pensions. From a narrow economic viewpoint, these policies often appeared to be immensely costly or irresponsibly populist. Yet a more inclusive social-scientific perspective can shed new light on these seemingly irrational policies by pointing to deeper political motives and wider sociological consequences.

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Pieter Vanhuysse - Divide and Pacify, Strategic So cial Policies and Political Protests in Post-Commu nist Democracies (2006).pdf

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King C. Chen - China's war with Vietnam, issues, d ecisions, and implications (1987).jpg

Unprecedented in scale and casualties, the brief Sino-Vietnamese war in 1979 was the bloodiest military conflict in the fraternal communist world. Why did the People’s Republic of China and Vietnam, two "comrades and brothers," engage in such a tragic war? This is one of the central questions Professor Chen attempts to answer in this in-depth discussion of that war—from its origins to its current international implications.
The author offers an important framework for the analysis of Chinese military-diplomatic policy, traces the causes that led to the outbreak of the war, examines the process of the war decisionmaking in Beijing, explains why the war was called "Deng Xiaoping’s War," and observes the development of the reactions of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the ASEAN nations. Professor Chen’s discussion of the effect of the Vietnam War’s legacy on the Sin-Vietnamese struggle adds to the depth of the analysis. Professor Chen also broadly explores the questions: Did aid from the PRC during the three decades from 1949 to 1978 assist or betray the Vietnamese revolution? How significant were the Kampuchean and Soviet factors in Beijing’s decision on war against Vietnam? How did the United States, China and other countries help to resettle the Indochinese refugees? What is the future for Kampuchea? What is the possibility of Sino-Vietnamese normalization? And what is the Soviet status! versus the U.S. position in the Asian-Pacific region?

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King C. Chen - China's war with Vietnam, issues, d ecisions, and implications (1987).pdf

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Alan Lawrance - Mao Zedong, A Bibliography (1991).jpg

This comprehensive work covers Mao Zedong's life and career from his childhood in the 1890s to his death in 1976. It includes the concepts of Maoism and Mao's political legacy. With over one thousand bibliographical references, many of them annotated, it provides breadth of coverage and depth of analysis in one unique volume. The broad field of Mao as revolutionary leader and statesman is sub-divided and cross-referenced to provide a guide to virtually every book and article written on Mao and available in English. Also included in this book are a detailed biography, an extensive chronology, and author and subject indexes.

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Alan Lawrance - Mao Zedong, A Bibliography (1991).pdf

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Sergei Prozorov - The Ethics of Postcommunism, His tory and Social Praxis in Russia (2009).jpg

Prozorov offers a radical reinterpretation of contemporary Russian politics in terms of Agamben's philosophy. Reconstructing Agamben's conception of the end of history, that challenges the Hegelian thesis, Prozorov approaches post-communist Russia as a post-historical terrain, in which the teleological dimension of politics has been deactivated.

About the Author
SERGEI PROZOROV is Collegium Research Fellow, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland.

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1,8 MB
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Sergei Prozorov - The Ethics of Postcommunism, His tory and Social Praxis in Russia (2009).pdf

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James Hughes - Stalin, Siberia and the Crisis of t he New Economic Policy (2004).jpg

This book makes an important contribution to the current re-evaluation of the origins of Stalinism. Hitherto, Western scholars have focused on leading personalities to analyze the crisis of the New Economic Policy. Dr. James Hughes, however, examines the processes at work under the NEP from the regional perspective of Siberia. He looks at party-peasant relations, the kulak question, Stalin's patron-client network in the provinces, the regional impact of the grain crisis of 1927-28 and the use of emergency measures to overcome it. He concludes that Stalin's experience of conditions that were unique to Siberia accelerated his negative reappraisal of the NEP and initiated the descent into the cataclysm of his "revolution from above" in late 1929.

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