Manifest Destiny, as a term for westward expansion, was not used until the 1840s. Its predecessor was the Doctrine of Discovery, a legal tradition by which Europeans and Americans laid legal claim to the land of the indigenous people that they "discovered." Thus the competition among the United States and European nations to establish claims of who got there first became very important. In the United States, the British colonists who had recently become Americans were competing with the English, French, and Spanis for control of lands west of the Mississippi. Who would be the "discoverers" of the Indians and their lands, the United States or the European countries? We know the answer, of course, but in this book, Miller for the first time explains exactly how the United States achieved victory, not only on the ground, but also in the developing legal thought of the day. The American effort began with Thomas Jefferson's authorization of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, which set out in 1803 to lay claim to the West. Lewis and Clark had several charges, among them the discovery of a Northwest Passage--a land route across the continent--in order to establish an American fur trade with China. In addition, the Corps of Northwestern Discovery, as the expedition was called, cataloged new plant and animal life, and performed detailed ethnographic research on the Indians they encountered. This fascinating book lays out how that ethnographic research became the legal basis for Indian removal practices implemented decades later, explaining how the Doctrine of Discovery became part of American law, as it still is today

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Robert J. Miller - Native America, Discovered and Conquered, Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, and Ma nifest Destiny (2006).pdf

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Adrian Walsh, Tony Lynch - The Morality of Money, An Exploration in Analytic Philosophy (2008).jpg

The morality of sex, violence and money is at the centre of much human life. While the first two have been subject to intensive historical and philosophical investigation, the latter has largely been neglected. The authors provide the first comprehensive introduction to the morality of money.

Contents
Preface viii
1 Introduction 1
2 Money, Commerce and Moral Theory 19
3 The Profit-Motive and Morality 65
4 Usury and the Ethics of Interest-Taking 91
5 The Morality of Pricing: Just Prices and Moral Traders 119
6 Money, Commodification and the Corrosion of Value: An
Examination of the Sacred and Intrinsic Value 145
7 Money-Measurement as the Moral Problem 167
8 The Charge of ‘Economic Moralism’: Might the Invisible
Hand Eliminate the Need for a Morality of Money? 188
Epilogue 206
Notes 208
Bibliography 237
Index 248
vii
Preface
This project began five years ago, when we came to the realisation that
money itself had not been subject to the kind of critical philosophical
examination that many other social phenomena have enjoyed. It was
written primarily in an old shed on the outskirts of the village of Uralla
with one of us (alternatively) at the keyboard and the other pacing up
and down. The tone of the book reflects in many ways the environment
in which it was written.
We would like to thank our respective colleagues in the Philosophy
Discipline at the University of New England and at the Centre for
Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne
for encouragement and support. We are especially grateful to Peter
Forrest, Anthony Fisher, Rutger Claasen, Constant Mews, Matthew
Maxwell and Graham Maddox for their helpful comments on the earlier
versions of the manuscript. Any mistakes or infelicities are, of course,
entirely of our own making. We are grateful to Philosophy and the
Australasian Journal of Philosophy for allowing us to make use of material
which was previously published in their issues. We would also like
to thank the editorial staff at Palgrave Macmillan, in particular Dan
Bunyard,Melanie Blair and Priyanka Pathak, for their assistance in bringing
the project to realisation. Finally, we would like to thank our families
and partners for their understanding and patience whilst we have been
engaged in this work.
Adrian Walsh and Tony Lynch
Uralla

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Bernard Lown M.D. - Prescription for Survival, A D octor's Journey to End Nuclear Madness (2008).jpg

In Prescription for Survival, physician Bernard Lown tells the extraordinary story of how a group of Soviet and American doctors came together to stop nuclear proliferation and ended up winning the Nobel Peace Prize and influencing the course of history. In 1981, Lown and a Soviet colleague, Evgeni Chazov, launched a USA-USSR medical antinuclear movement: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW). Over the next four years Lown and Chazov recruited more than 150,000 doctors worldwide, met with numerous world leaders, and, after a surprising amount of adventure, intrigue and conflict, in 1985 accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of IPPNW. More than a memoir, this book sheds new light on what really drove and still drives the nuclear arms race, the critical importance of citizen involvement in social change efforts, and what Lown terms the ongoing epidemic of militarism, which a glance to recent headlines shows is still very much with us.

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Bernard Lown M.D. - Prescription for Survival, A D octor's Journey to End Nuclear Madness (2008).pdf

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Stephen V. Arbogast - Resisting Corporate Corrupti on, Lessons in Practical Ethics from the Enron Wre ckage (2007).jpg

01 - USA - Stephen V. Arbogast - Resisting Corporate Corruption, L...ssons in Practical Ethics from the Enron Wreckage 2007.jpg

As scandals at Enron, WorldCom, and elsewhere became public, American business schools came under attack for inadequate ethical formation of the country's up-and-coming managers. A less obvious but related problem has been the lack of realistic ethical training material. This author, a 32 year senior financial executive, has adapted the Enron story to address this pressing need. Drawing upon his own experience within a highly disciplined corporate culture, the author has extracted from the wreckage case studies that chart Enron s descent into fraud and ask students to consider how it could have been different. These 17 practical case studies don't just retell the Enron story they select pivotal moments when key individuals faced decisions that could carry the firm across another threshold of ethical decomposition. Readers will get the opportunity to stand in the shoes of the young Ken Lay as he pondered how to handle Enron s first trading scandal. They will have the opportunity to consider how to oppose Jeff Skilling s plans to introduce Mark-to-Market accounting and Andy Fastow's ever-more aggressive use of Special Purpose Entities . Finally, they will have a chance to reconsider the tactics adopted by those who did resist. For example, was Sherron Watkins right to take her concerns to Ken Lay, or should she have made her case elsewhere? These cases capture the daunting financial complexity that masked Enron's problems for years. They are also constructed with an eye on the conflicting business, organizational and personal objectives that complicate real world ethical questions. As each case makes clear, ethics in the business world comes wrapped in practical matters that can make going along seem the smart move. These cases will provide business leaders and students with practice in maintaining their ethical bearings in the face of such complexities and in how to chart a politically viable path of effective resistance. The 17 case studies are augmented by 4 extensive Essays that outline the approach to the cases and also discuss the connection between financial control and a firm s ethical climate. Audience 1). Professionals specializing in audit or financial control advisory work. 2). Business executives at all levels who want to learn about practical business ethics. 3. Students in business ethics. 4. People with an interest in the Enron story.

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Stephen V. Arbogast - Resisting Corporate Corrupti on, Lessons in Practical Ethics from the Enron Wre ckage (2007).pdf

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George C. Bradley, Richard L. Dahlen - From Concil iation to Conquest, The Sack of Athens and the Cou rt-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin (2006).jpg

01 - USA - George C. Bradley, Richard L. Dahlen - From Conciliatio... and the Court-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin 2006.jpg

In the summer of 1862, the U.S. Army court martialed Colonel John B. Turchin, a Russian-born Union officer, for "outrages" committed by his troops in Athens, Alabama. By modern standards, the outrages were minor: stores looted, safes cracked, and homes vandalized. There was one documented act of personal violence, the rape of a young black woman. The pillage of Athens violated a government policy of conciliation; it was hoped that if Southern civilians were treated gently as citizens of the United States, they would soon return their allegiance to the federal government.

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George C. Bradley, Richard L. Dahlen - From Concil iation to Conquest, The Sack of Athens and the Cou rt-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin (2006).pdf

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Robert Malcomson - Historical Dictionary of the Wa r of 1812 (2006).jpg

Covers the period leading up to the war (1803-1812) and the events of the war itself (1812-1815), the chronology lays out the war. The dictionary includes more than 1,400 dictionary entries covering descriptions of engagements, explanations of weaponry, the compositions of regiments, major figures and a full list of key places, issues and terms. Also included are 21 photographs and 6 maps.

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Robert Malcomson - Historical Dictionary of the Wa r of 1812 (2006).pdf

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Trudy Eden - Cooking in America, 1590-1840 (2006).jpg

There are no recipes for what the Indians ate in Colonial times, but this cookbook uses period quotations to detail what and how the foodstuffs were prepared. The bulk of the cookbook is devoted to what the European immigrants cooked and what evolved into American cooking. The first colonists from England brought their foodways to America. The basic foods that Americans of European descent ate changed very little from 1600 to 1840. While the major basic foods remained the same, their part in the total diet changed. Americans at the end of the period ate far more beef and chicken than did the first colonists. They used more milk, butter and cream. They also ate more wheat in the form of breads, cakes, cookies, crackers and cereals. The same was true with fruits. Over time the more exotic vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, artichokes, and numerous root vegetables including both sweet and white potatoes became common vegetables. By the end of this period, many Americans were even eating foods like tomatoes, okra, and sesame, which were unknown to their ancestors. In addition, Americans, like their relatives in Europe, incorporated coffee, tea, and chocolate into their diets as well as more sugar. Along with them came new customs, such as tea time, and, for men, socializing at coffeehouses. Also, distilled beverages, particularly rum, which was often made into a punch with citrus juices, were increasingly used. Basic cooking technology also remained the same throughout the period, and the cookbook gives a sense of how meals were prepared. The open hearth provided the major heat source. As time passed, though, more and more people could afford to have wood-fired brick ovens in their homes. Although the recipes presented here from the first century of colonization come from cookbooks written for people of upper status, by the end of the time period, literacy rates were much higher among men and women. European and American authors published numerous cookbooks that were relatively inexpensive and available, so it is reasonable to assume that those recipes were representative of actual American cookery practices. Many changes occurred to cookbooks and recipes during this period. The recipes became more detailed and more reliant on standard measures, and the recipes were for foods that are less complicated and expensive to prepare.

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Trudy Eden - Cooking in America, 1590-1840 (2006).pdf

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Andrew J. Rotter - Hiroshima, The World's Bomb (20 08).jpg

The US decision to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima remains one of the most controversial events of the twentieth century. But as this fascinating new history shows, the bomb dropped by an American pilot that hot August morning was in many ways the world's bomb, in both a technological and a moral sense. And it was the world that would have to face its consequences, strategically, diplomatically, and culturally, in the years ahead. In this fast-paced and insightful narrative, Andrew J. Rotter tells the international story behind the development of the atom bomb, ranging from the global crises that led to the Second World War to the largely unavailing attempts to control the spread of nuclear weapons and the evolution of the nuclear arms race after the war had ended. He details the growth in the 1930s and '40s of a world-wide community of scientists dedicated to developing a weapon that could undo the evil in Nazi Germany, and he describes the harnessing of their efforts by the US wartime government. Rotter also sheds light on the political and strategic decisions that led to the bombing itself, the impact of the bomb on Hiroshima and the endgame of the Pacific War, the effects of the bombing and the bomb on society and culture, and the state of all things nuclear in the early 21st century world. Hiroshima: The World's Bomb illuminates a pivotal moment in the development of the modern age. In an era of stateless terrorism, where there are as many as ten nuclear powers, it is a story that remains central to our understanding of the world.

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Leonardo Maugeri - The Age of Oil, The Mythology, History, and Future of the World's Most Controvers ial Resource (2006).jpg

01 - USA - Leonardo Maugeri - The Age of Oil, The Mythology, Histo... Future of the Worlds Most Controversial Resource 2006.jpg

Oil is the most vital resource of our time. Because it is so important, misperceptions about the black gold abound. Leonardo Maugeri clears the cobwebs by describing the colorful history of oil, and explaining the fundamentals of oil production. He delivers a unique, fascinating, and controversial perspective on the industry-as only an insider could. The history of the oil market has been marked, since its inception, by a succession of booms and busts, each one leading to a similar psychological climax and flawed political decisions. In a single generation, we've experienced the energy crisis of 1973; the dramatic oil countershock of 1986; the oil collapse of 1998-99 that gave rise to the idea of oil as "just another commodity;" and the sharp price increases following hurricane Katrina's devastation in the Gulf of Mexico. Today, we are experiencing a global oil boom that, paradoxically, seems to herald a gloomy era of scarcity exacerbated by growing consumption and the threat from Islamic terrorism in the oil-rich Middle East. Maugeri argues that the pessimists are wrong. In the second part of his book, he debunks the main myths surrounding oil in our times, addressing whether we are indeed running out of oil, and the real impact of Islamic radicalism on oil-rich regions. By translating many of the technical concepts of oil productions into terms the average reader can easily grasp, Maugeri answers our questions. Ultimately, he concludes that the wolf is not at the door. We are facing neither a problem of oil scarcity, nor an upcoming oil blackmail by forces hostile to the West. Only bad political decisions driven by a distorted view of current problems (and who is to blame for them) can doom us to a gloomy oil future.

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Leonardo Maugeri - The Age of Oil, The Mythology, History, and Future of the World's Most Controvers ial Resource (2006).pdf

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Martha S. Hewson - Stonewall Jackson, Confederate General (2001).jpg

This well-written story of Harriet Beecher Stowe is hard to put down. Details of her childhood, marriage, children, and writing career are thoroughly covered...This biography would be an asset to any study of the Civil War or slavery. Students who enjoy history will definitely enjoy reading this book.

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Martha S. Hewson - Stonewall Jackson, Confederate General (2001).pdf

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Thirteen Colonies - Craig A. Doherty, Katherine M. Doherty - South Carolina (2005).jpg

In an engaging narrative style, South Carolina thoroughly examines life in the early colony, including such details as the Yamasee War, pirate attacks, slavery, and the effect of such crops as indigo and rice. An entire chapter focuses on the numerous American Indian tribes - mainly the Cherokee and Catawba - who lived throughout the colony, from the coast and lowlands up into the Appalachian Mountains. Attention is also given to post-Revolution struggles such as the challenge of rebuilding South Carolina and deciding what to do about the remaining Loyalists.

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Thirteen Colonies - Craig A. Doherty, Katherine M. Doherty - South Carolina (2005).pdf

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Steve Nicholls - Paradise Found, Nature in America at the Time of Discovery (2009).jpg

This well documented book traces American natural history from the time of Jamestown (sometimes regressing to earlier times) into the present. If you would like to read history from the perspective of the American Indian, Jesuit priest explorers and all the fauna and flora riches surrounding them without any weepy eyed attempt to bemoan their destruction - Read "paradise found". Until I did, I had no real concept of how far we have fallen. Even though in my short life of 61 years I recall dramatic destruction of our natural environment (seems almost anyone older than 30 might likewise attest).

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Thirteen Colonies - Craig A. Doherty, Katherine M. Doherty - Virginia (2005).jpg

To understand how the United States came together as a nation, students must first acquaint themselves with the original 13 colonies - and how each of these colonies followed its own path to the ratification of the Constitution. "The Thirteen Colonies" set conveys the excitement of these stories to young people. Beginning with a brief introduction that discusses some of the broad reasons why Europeans came to the New World, both as explorers and settlers, each book's gripping narrative highlights the people, places, and events that were important to the development of each colony. Each volume in the set covers the following: a description of the American Indian peoples who lived in the area that would become each colony, the first European colonial settlements and life in the early colonies, conflicts between the colonists and American Indians, the battles and events of the Revolutionary War, each colony's role in the creation and ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and more.

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Thirteen Colonies - Craig A. Doherty, Katherine M. Doherty - Virginia (2005).pdf

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Frances Negrón-Muntaner - Boricua Pop, Puerto Rica ns and the Latinization of American Culture (2004).jpg

Boricua Pop is the first book solely devoted to Puerto Rican visibility, cultural impact, and identity formation in the U.S. and at home. Frances Negrón-Muntaner explores everything from the beloved American musical West Side Story to the phenomenon of singer/actress/ fashion designer Jennifer Lopez, from the faux historical chronicle Seva to the creation of Puerto Rican Barbie, from novelist Rosario Ferré to performer Holly Woodlawn, and from painter provocateur Andy Warhol to the seemingly overnight success story of Ricky Martin. Negrón-Muntaner traces some of the many possible itineraries of exchange between American and Puerto Rican cultures, including the commodification of Puerto Rican cultural practices such as voguing, graffiti, and the Latinization of pop music. Drawing from literature, film, painting, and popular culture, and including both the normative and the odd, the canonized authors and the misfits, the island and its diaspora, Boricua Pop is a fascinating blend of low life and high culture: a highly original, challenging, and lucid new work by one of our most talented cultural critics.

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Frances Negrón-Muntaner - Boricua Pop, Puerto Rica ns and the Latinization of American Culture (2004).pdf

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John Anthony Caruso - The Appalachian Frontier, Am erica's First Surge Westward (2003).jpg

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John Anthony Caruso - The Appalachian Frontier, Am erica's First Surge Westward (2003).pdf

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Arnold Krammer - Prisoners of War, A Reference Han dbook (2007).jpg

The fate of war prisoners through history has been cruel and haphazard. The lives of captives hung by a thread. Execution, enslavement, torture, or being held for ransom were equally likely. International agreements developed haltingly through the 19th and 20th centuries to culminate in the Geneva Accords of 1929. America's current War on Terror is causing a readjustment of centuries of POW policies. Prisoners of war are once again in the news as America and Western Europe grapple with a new, faceless enemy and the rules of war and the torture of POWs are open to reconsideration. Until very recently, there has been astonishingly little written on the subject of prisoners of war. Yet, to understand the present, it is critical to look back over history. To that end, Arnold Krammer examines the fate of war prisoners from Biblical and Medieval times through the halting evolution of international law to the current reshuffling of the rules. Since biblical times, war captives have been considered property and counted as booty to be enslaved or killed. Americans were interested in generals and weapons and battles, but not the fate of prisoners of war. The Second World War, when 90,000 Americans fell into enemy hands, began to change that. Concern for our POWs in Germany and Japan, and close contact with enemy camps in America began to change our attitudes. However, it was the Vietnam War, media-driven and polarizing, that caused the American public to truly reevaluate the plight of its sons and brothers, heroic and clearly loyal, as they fell into the hands of an inscrutable and apparently unyielding distant enemy. More recently, during the first Gulf War of 1991 and the current War on Terrorism, the issue of prisoners of war has moved to center stage, involving the clash of ideologies, politics, and expediency. Since 9/11, the rights and safety of prisoners of war caught up in the War on Terror have been debated in Congress and adjudicated on by former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales whose conclusions were protested by numerous organizations. The issue of prisoners of war is of more immediate concern now than ever before, and an examination of the history of their treatment and current status may well influence foreign policy.

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Arnold Krammer - Prisoners of War, A Reference Han dbook (2007).pdf

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American Political Leaders 1789-2005 (2005).jpg

Newly updated, this guide contains biographical information on approximately 9,000 of the most important US elected and appointed leaders. Organized for quick, easy reference, this is a guide for researchers, students, or anyone who needs names, dates, and other basic information on US leaders in one convenient source.

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