Understanding foreign policy has become more essential than ever in today's integrated world. How the United States acts as a nation has far-reaching consequences, especially in times of war. To better understand America's stance on foreign policy today, it is helpful to analyze how U.S. presidents and leaders have acted in the past, particularly throughout the 20th century. Thornton argues that descriptions or the classification of presidents have been misleading since presidents are often reacting to unique foreign policy crises and at times may have, through good diplomacy, forestalled serious crises from developing. Basing his insights on numerous first-hand sources such as handwritten notes and memos taken during meetings of heads-of-state, he portrays the presidents as very human individuals struggling with difficult questions and the responsibilities only men of their position have to deal with. Topics examined in the book include but are not limited to: * Events leading up to the Cold War * 1946-1952: Truman and Containment * 1953-1960; Eisenhower and Military Challenge 1961-1963: JFK and Foreign Policy Leadership * 1963-1968: Johnson and War Home and Abroad * 1969-1974: Nixon, Kissinger, and the Search for Peace * 1974-1976: Gerald R. Ford * 1977-1980: Jimmy Carter * 1981-1988: Ronald Reagan * 1989-1991: George H. Bush and the End of the War
This text stands out due to its readability and its comprehensiveness. The average reader will have no problem getting a clear grasp of the topic at hand. The college professor of U.S. or international history, political science, international studies, or even ethicist who wishes to engage students in their reading assignments would do well to pick up this text.

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Martin Thornton - Times of Heroism, Times of Terro r, American Presidents and the Cold War (2005).djvu

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Michael D. Pearlman - Truman and MacArthur, Policy , Politics, and the Hunger for Honor and Renown (2 008).jpg

"Truman and MacArthur" offers an objective and comprehensive account of the very public confrontation between President Harry S. Truman and General Douglas MacArthur over the military's role in the conduct of foreign policy. On November 19, 1950, with North Korea's army largely destroyed, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu River, routing the UN forces and forcing them on a long retreat. Hoping to strike a decisive blow, MacArthur pressed the Truman administration for authorization to attack Manchuria and deploy nuclear weapons in Korea. Truman refused, and MacArthur took his case to the press.In March, with the tide of battle turned, Truman notified MacArthur that he intended to initiate cease-fire talks. In an act of insubordination, MacArthur issued an ultimatum to China. On April 11, 1951, Truman relieved him of his command. Viewing these events through the eyes of the participants, this book explores partisan politics in Washington and the political power of military officers in an administration too weak to carry national policy on its own. It also discusses America's relations with European allies and its position toward Formosa (Taiwan), the root of the dispute between Truman and MacArthur.

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Michael D. Pearlman - Truman and MacArthur, Policy , Politics, and the Hunger for Honor and Renown (2 008).pdf

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R. Bruce Allison - Every Root an Anchor, Wisconsin 's Famous and Historic Trees (2005).jpg

In Every Root an Anchor, writer and arborist R. Bruce Allison celebrates Wisconsin’s most significant, unusual, and historic trees. More than one hundred tales introduce us to trees across the state, some remarkable for their size or age, others for their intriguing histories. From magnificent elms to beloved pines to Frank Lloyd Wright’s oaks, these trees are woven into our history, contributing to our sense of place. They are anchors for time-honored customs, manifestations of our ideals, and reminders of our lives’ most significant events. For this updated edition, Allison revisits the trees’ histories and tells us which of these unique landmarks are still standing. He sets forth an environmental message as well, reminding us to recognize our connectedness to trees and to manage our tree resources wisely. As early Wisconsin conservationist Increase Lapham said, tree histories increase our love of home and improve our hearts. They deserve to be told and remembered. Distributed for the Wisconsin Historical Society Press.

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R. Bruce Allison - Every Root an Anchor, Wisconsin 's Famous and Historic Trees (2005).pdf

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The North Carolina Birding Trail, Piedmont Trail G uide (2008).jpg

North Carolina harbors an incredible diversity of habitats that provide food and shelter for more than 440 bird species throughout the year. The NC Briding Trail is a driving trail linking birders and tourists with great birding sites across the state and the local communities in which they are found.This second of three regional guides presents over 100 birding destinations between Interstate 95 and Charlotte. The spiral-bound volume features maps, detailed site descriptions, and color photographs throughout. Each site description includes directions as well as information on access, focal species and habitats, and on-site visitor amenities. Special "while you're in the area" listings accompany each site grouping, so visitors can travel to a cluster of birding destinations and enjoy other local highlights and attractions along the way.The North Carolina Birding Trail is a partnership of six agencies and organizations: Audubon North Carolina, North Carolina Cooperative Extension, North Carolina Sea Grant, North Carolina State Parks, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Its mission is to conserve and enhance North Carolina's bird habitat by promoting sustainable bird-watching activities, economic opportunities, and conservation education.

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The North Carolina Birding Trail, Piedmont Trail G uide (2008).pdf

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Tennent H. Bagley - Spy Wars, Moles, Mysteries, an d Deadly Games (2007).jpg

Chosen by William Safire in the New York Times to be the publishing sleeper-seller of the year for 2007.
In this rapid-paced book, a former CIA chief of Soviet bloc counterintelligence breaks open the mysterious case of KGB officer Yuri Nosenko’s 1964 defection to the United States. Still a highly controversial chapter in the history of Cold War espionage, the Nosenko affair has inspired debate for more than forty years: was Nosenko a bona fide defector with the real information about Lee Harvey Oswald’s stay in Soviet Russia, or was he a KGB loyalist, engaged in a complex game of deception? As supervisor of CIA operations against the KGB at the time, Tennent H. Bagley directly handled Nosenko’s case. This insider knowledge, combined with information gleaned from dozens of interviews with former KGB adversaries, places Bagley in a uniquely authoritative position. He guides the reader step by step through the complicated operations surrounding the Nosenko affair and shatters the comfortable version of events the CIA has presented to the public. Bagley unveils not only the KGB’s history of merciless and bloody betrayals but also the existence of undiscovered traitors in the American camp. Shining new light on the CIA-KGB spy wars, he invites deeper thinking about the history of espionage and its implications for the intelligence community today.

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Tennent H. Bagley - Spy Wars, Moles, Mysteries, an d Deadly Games (2007).pdf

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Osprey - Combat Aircraft 68 - Warren Thompson - F- 117 Stealth Fighter Units in Operation Desert Stor m (2007).jpg

01 - USA - Osprey - Combat Aircraft 68 - Warren Thompson - F-117 S...7 Stealth Fighter Units in Operation Desert Storm 2007.jpg

F-117 Stealth Ops Desert Storm.

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Gyan Prakash - After Colonialism (1994).jpg

After Colonialism offers a fresh look at the history of colonialism and the changes in knowledge, disciplines, and identities produced by the imperial experience. Ranging across disciplines--from history to anthropology to literary studies--and across regions--from India to Palestine to Latin America to Europe--the essays in this volume reexamine colonialism and its aftermath. Leading literary scholars, historians, and anthropologists engage with recent theories and perspectives in their specific studies, showing the centrality of colonialism in the making of the modern world and offering postcolonial reflections on the effects and experience of empire. The contributions cross historical analysis of texts with textual examination of historical records and situate metropolitan cultural practices in engagements with non-metropolitan locations. Interdisciplinarity here means exploring and realigning disciplinary boundaries. Contributors to After Colonialism include Edward Said, Steven Feierman, Joan Dayan, Ruth Phillips, Anthony Pagden, Leonard BlussA©, Gauri Viswanathan, Zachary Lockman, Jorge Klor de Alva, Irene Silverblatt, Emily Apter, and Homi Bhabha.

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Bruce Kuklick - Puritans in Babylon (1996).jpg

From the 1880s through the 1920s a motley collection of American scholars, soldiers of fortune, institutional bureaucrats, and financiers created the academic fields that give us our knowledge of the ancient Near East. Bruce Kuklick's new book begins with the story of the initial adventure of these determined investigators--a twelve-year dig near the Biblical Babylon, at Nippur, conducted at intervals from 1888 through 1900 and bankrolled by the Babylonian Exploration Fund. To unearth tens of thousands of cuneiform tablets, the leaders of this venture faced harsh living conditions in the desert and an academic war of each against all that was quickly begun at the site itself. As their knowledge increased, they risked their personal religious beliefs in the search for historical truth. Kuklick discusses their tribulations to illuminate two other contemporary developments: first, the maturation of the American university, particularly in contrast to its German counterpart; and second, the influence of religious-secular conflict on the ways in which Western scholarship appropriated or appreciated other cultures. The Nippur expedition spawned unseemly (and entertaining) fights among the University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins, Yale, Harvard, and Chicago for leadership in the study of the ancient Near East--not to mention disagreements with their own developing museums and an international scandal called the Hilprecht controversy. More significant than these quarrels was the concern for the meaning of history displayed in this period of Near Eastern scholarship. The field was linked to Biblical criticism and Judeo-Christian interests, and many of the orientalists originally possessed strong religious commitments--which some put aside as they struggled for objectivity. As recent critics have shown, "orientalism" was an example of the West's ability to appropriate the "other" for its own purposes. However, Kuklick's study demonstrates that the censure of orientalism hinges on modes of argumentation that scholars of the ancient Near East helped to legitimate, and at no small cost to themselves.

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Bruce Kuklick - Puritans in Babylon (1996).pdf

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Don Bamford - Freshwater Heritage, A History of Sa il on the Great Lakes, 1670-1918 (2003).jpg

Much deserving attention is given to the shipbuilders and to the challenges of constructing these vessels in the wilderness of the colonies, all supported by carefully researched detail. Bamford also documents the critical role played by sailing vessels in the settlement process as newly arrived immigrants struggled to establish a home in a new land.

The commercial role of sail on the Great Lakes is captured through the refinements to the schooners, the place of ships in the fur trade, the early days of fishing the lakes as an industry, the role of the timber droghers, the stone hookers and the first ore carriers of the first part of the 20th century. Never before has the place of sailing vessels in the early history of Canada’s Great Lakes been so inclusive, and made so accessible to the general reader.

Richly illustrated with archival visuals and photographs of significant works of art, and supported by a full index and extensive end matter, Freshwater Heritage is a must for both the armchair historian and those who love to sail.

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Don Bamford - Freshwater Heritage, A History of Sa il on the Great Lakes, 1670-1918 (2003).pdf

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Amira Jarmakani - Imagining Arab Womanhood, The Cu ltural Mythology of Veils, Harems, and Belly Dance rs in the U.S. (2008).jpg

01 - USA - Amira Jarmakani - Imagining Arab Womanhood, The Cultur...y of Veils, Harems, and Belly Dancers in the U.S. 2008.jpg

Winner of the 2008 National Women's Studies Association Gloria Anzaldúa prize!

Imagining Arab Womanhood examines orientalist images of Arab womanhood in the United States since the turn of the twentieth century, exploring, in particular, representations of belly dancers, harem girls, and veiled women. Through semiotic analysis, Jarmakani demonstrates that these images have functioned as nostalgic placeholders for pressing, yet unarticulated concerns about shifting spatial and temporal realities within the contexts of expansionism/modernization and imperialism/late capitalism. Calling these representations cultural mythologies, Jarmakani maps them onto dominant American narratives of power and progress, insisting on an analysis that understands them to be artifacts shaped by the interests of the American contexts in which they circulate. Imagining Arab Womanhood is a vital addition to conversations about representation, race, and gender.

Contents
List of Figures vii
Acknowledgments ix
Preface xi
Introduction: Excavating Orientalist Images
of Arab Womanhood 1
1 Traveling Orientalism: U.S. Echoes
of a French Tradition 27
2 Dancing the Hootchy Kootchy: The Rhythms
and Contortions of American Orientalism 63
3 Selling Little Egypt: The Commodification
of Arab Womanhood 103
4 Veiled Intentions: The Cultural Mythology
of Veils, Harems, and Belly Dancers in the Service
of Empire, Security, and Globalization 139
Conclusion 185
Notes 191
Bibliography 213
Index 229

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Amira Jarmakani - Imagining Arab Womanhood, The Cu ltural Mythology of Veils, Harems, and Belly Dance rs in the U.S. (2008).pdf

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Cameron H. Lacquement - Architectural Variability in the Southeast (2007).jpg

Some of the most visible expressions of human culture are illustrated architecturally. Unfortunately for archaeologists, the architecture being studied is not always visible and must be inferred from soil inconsistencies or charred remains. This study deals with research into roughly a millennium of Native American architecture in the Southeast and includes research on the variation of construction techniques employed both above and below ground. Most of the architecture discussed is that of domestic houses with some emphasis on large public buildings and sweat lodges. The authors use an array of methods and techniques in examining native architecture including experimental archaeology, ethnohistory, ethnography, multi-variant analysis, structural engineering, and wood science technology. A major portion of the work, and probably the most important in terms of overall significance, is that it addresses the debate of early Mississippian houses and what they looked like above ground and the changes that occurred both before and after the arrival of Europeans.

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Cameron H. Lacquement - Architectural Variability in the Southeast (2007).pdf

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H. John Poole - Phantom Soldier, The Enemy's Answe r to U.S. Firepower (2001).jpg

Phantom Soldier: The Enemy’s Answer to U.S. Firepower may be the best treatise on Oriental warfare ever produced in the West. Well researched and illustrated, it sheds new light on what an Eastern infantry unit can do in combat: (1) alternate between guerrilla, mobile, and positional warfare; (2) use “ordinary forces” to engage and “extraordinary forces” to beat an opponent; and then (3) run away when fighting holds no more strategic import. While what occurred in history does not change, one’s perception of it does — as he comes to better understand his former adversary.

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H. John Poole - Phantom Soldier, The Enemy's Answe r to U.S. Firepower (2001).pdf

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Randall Mason - The Once and Future New York, Hist oric Preservation and the Modern City (2009).jpg

In the popular imagination, the controversial 1963 demolition of Pennsylvania Station gave birth to New York City’s historic preservation movement. As Randall Mason reveals, however, historic preservation has been a persistent force in the development of New York since the 1890s, when the city’s leading politicians, planners, and architects first recognized the need to preserve the rapidly evolving city’s past.
Rich with archival research, The Once and Future New York documents the emergence of historic preservation in New York at the turn of the twentieth century. Between 1890 and 1920, preservationists saved and restored buildings, parks, and monuments throughout the city’s five boroughs that represented continuity with the past. Mason argues these efforts created a “memory infrastructure” that established a framework for New York’s collective memory and fused celebrations of the city’s past with optimism about its future.

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Randall Mason - The Once and Future New York, Hist oric Preservation and the Modern City (2009).pdf

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AJ-Press - Monografie lotnicze 90 - Boeing B-17 Fl ying Fortress, cz.1 (2004).jpg

Polish text. English captions.
Pierwsza część monografii opisuje początki firmy Boeing i projekty, które doprowadziły do powstania słynnej Latającej Fortecy, oraz rozwój jej konstrukcji. Poruszono również zaganienie innych niż wojskowe zastosowań tego samolotu.

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Zbigniew Brzezinski - Second Chance, Three Preside nts and the Crisis of American Superpower (2006).jpg

Review "Brzezinski has described the challenge of future American leadership with unusual clarity." -- Washington Post. 3/14/07 "[C]ompelling... Brzezinski's verdict on the current president's record -- "catastrophic," he calls it -- is nothing short of devastating." -- New York Times, 3/6/07
From The Washington Post Reviewed by James M. Lindsay

The Iraq war has America's foreign policy mavens waxing nostalgic. Partisans of the elder George Bush long for the days when realism and caution reigned in the White House. Bill Clinton's fans fondly recall an era when presidential trips overseas drew admiring crowds rather than angry protesters. U.S. foreign policy, it would seem, should go forward by going backward.

Zbigniew Brzezinski will have none of that. In his engaging and briskly argued new book, Jimmy Carter's national security adviser sees little worth emulating in the past 15 years of U.S. foreign policy. He asks how Washington has led since becoming the world's first truly global leader after the collapse of the Soviet Union. His answer? "In a word, badly."

To make that case, Brzezinski grades the performance of presidents Bush, Clinton and Bush -- or, to use the ungainly terms he prefers, Global Leaders I, II and III. Second Chance even comes complete with a full-blown report card. (You can guess which president gets an F.) Brzezinski's unsparing assessments will warm the heart of anyone worried about grade inflation.

George H.W. Bush, Brzezinski argues, was a superb crisis manager who missed the opportunity to leave a lasting imprint on U.S. foreign policy because he was not a strategic visionary. He earns a solid B. On the other hand, Bill Clinton had the intellect to craft just such a post-Cold War strategy but lacked the discipline and the passion, leading to eight years that produced more drift than direction. He gets an uneven C. Finally, the younger Bush offered "catastrophic leadership" after 9/11 that has already stamped his "presidency as a historical failure."

These portraits will strike many readers as conventional -- and others as unfair, particularly to the first Bush. Yes, Bush 41 famously foundered with the "vision thing." But then again, less than a year passed between the Soviet Union's demise and his reelection defeat -- not much time to devise, let alone institutionalize, a new world order. And it goes beyond unfair to argue, as Brzezinski does, that had the elder Bush deposed Saddam Hussein when he had the chance in 1991, "a subsequent U.S. president might not have gone to war in Iraq." The younger Bush chose to wage war on Iraq; he was not forced into it by the choices his father made.

So much for the grades. So what does looking backward tell us about going forward? Brzezinski believes that George W. Bush's choices have been calamitous but not fatal. There's still no other country that can play the role of global leader. So America will get a second chance -- but not a third -- to reclaim the mantle of global leadership.

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Zbigniew Brzezinski - Second Chance, Three Preside nts and the Crisis of American Superpower (2006).pdf

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K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner (Editors) - E ncyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Securit y (2003).jpg

I think the set overreaches in that it tries to cover too much material in three volumes. I think that compressive coverage of narrower focus would have been better than shorting really important political issues such as the potential for manipulation of the bacterial and viral genomes by governments to start pandemics in targeted racial or ethnic groups. There are some otherwise good science articles that fail to even hint at the still unknown the extent of the U.S. government's invasion into personal privacy. But I am most disappointed that the authors kept to the "official" historical line on the role of intelligence agencies in matters such as the Kennedy assassination. Other conspiracies, and the facts supporting them, are also ignored or glossed over in favor of science and technology articles that lose sight of the grander manipulation of intelligence by governments for political gain. While the book lists suspected terrorist organizations, the terrorist actions of the U.S. government and its sometimes allies are also ignored. Younger readers and the general public would be better served by a brighter light on the dirty corners into which secrets are sometimes swept.

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G.J. Barker-Benfield - The Horrors of the Half-Kno wn Life, Male Attitudes Toward Women and Sexuality in 19th. Century America (1999).jpg

01 - USA - G.J. Barker-Benfield - The Horrors of the Half-Known Li...ward Women and Sexuality in 19th. Century America 1999.jpg

With an updated introduction, the revolutionary book that changed our understanding of the history of gender in America is now back in print. Controversial and considered ahead of its time, The Horrors of the Half-Known Life is a startling portrait of male attitudes toward masculinity, women, and sexuality in nineteenth-century America. Through an examination of the elimination of midwivery, the origins of gynecology-a horrifying history-and general attitudes and advice about sexuality, Barker-Benfield brilliantly illuminates the state of manhood and misogyny in nineteenth-century America. Now a classic in the field, The Horrors of the Half-Known Life is an important foundational text in the construction of masculinity, female identity, and the history of midwivery.

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G.J. Barker-Benfield - The Horrors of the Half-Kno wn Life, Male Attitudes Toward Women and Sexuality in 19th. Century America (1999).pdf

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