In Global Imbalances and the Lessons of Bretton Woods, Barry Eichengreen takes issue with the argument that today's international financial system is largely analogous to the Bretton Woods System of the period 1958 to 1973. Then, as now, it has been argued, the United States ran balance of payment deficits, provided international reserves to other countries, and acted as export market of last resort for the rest of the world. Then, as now, the story continues, other countries were reluctant to revalue their currencies for fear of seeing their export-led growth slow and suffering capital losses on their foreign reserves. Eichengreen argues in response that the power of historical analogy lies not just in finding parallels but in highlighting differences, and he finds important differences in the structure of the world economy today. Such differences, he concludes, mean that the current constellation of exchange rates and payments imbalances is unlikely to last as long as the original Bretton Woods System.
Two of the most salient differences are the twin deficits and low savings rate of the United States, which do not augur well for the sustainability of the country's international position. Such differences, he concludes, mean that the current constellation of exchange rates and payments imbalances is unlikely to last as long as the original Bretton Woods System.
After identifying these differences, Eichengreen looks in detail at the Gold Pool, the mechanism through which European central banks sought to support the dollar in the 1960s. He shows that the Pool was fragile and short lived, which does not bode well for collective efforts on the part of Asian central banks to restrain reserve diversification and support the dollar today. He studies Japan's exit from its dollar peg in 1971, drawing lessons for China's transition to greater exchange rate flexibility. And he considers the history of reserve currency competition, asking if it has lessons for whether the dollar is destined to lose its standing as preeminent international currency to the euro or even the Chinese renminbi.

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Barry Eichengreen - Global Imbalances and the Less ons of Bretton Woods (2010).pdf

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Christopher G. Pernin, Brian Nichiporuk, Dale Stah l, Justin Beck, Ricky Radaelli-sanchez - Unfolding the Future of the Long War, Motivations, Prospect s, and Implications for the U.s. Army (2008).jpg

01 - USA1 - Christopher G. Pernin, Brian Nichiporuk, Dale Stahl, J...s, Prospects, and Implications for the U.s. Army 2008.jpg

The United States is currently engaged in a military effort that has been characterized as the “long war.” The long war has been described by some as an epic struggle against adversaries bent on forming a unified Islamic world to supplant western dominance, while others describe it more narrowly as an extension of the war on terror. But while policymakers, military leaders, and scholars have offered numerous definitions of the long war, no consensus has been reached about this term or its implications for the United States. To understand the impacts that this long war will have on the U.S. Army and on U.S. forces in general, it is necessary to understand more precisely what the long war is and how it might unfold over the coming years. To address this need, this study explores the concept of the long war and identifies potential ways in which it might unfold as well as the implications for the Army and the U.S. military more generally.
This report uses the generation of either “trajectories” or alternative paths in which the long war might unfold to explore the implications for the U.S. military. The discussion focuses on the potential threats the U.S. faces in each trajectory and considers the confluence of three major problems raised by the war: those related to the ideologies espoused by key adversaries in the conflict, those related to the use of terrorism, and those related to governance (i.e., its absence or presence, its quality, and the predisposition of specific governing bodies to the United States and its interests). The goal of this report is not to determine which of these areas is the key problem. Instead, we take the stance that in order to ensure that this long war follows a favorable course, the United States will need to make a concerted effort across all three domains. Numerous broad conclusions and recommendations are given for addressing issues surrounding the long war.

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Christopher G. Pernin, Brian Nichiporuk, Dale Stah l, Justin Beck, Ricky Radaelli-sanchez - Unfolding the Future of the Long War, Motivations, Prospect s, and Implications for the U.s. Army (2008).pdf

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F. Stephen Larrabee - Turkey as a U.S. Security Pa rtner (2008).jpg

Turkey has long been an important U.S. ally, but especially with the end of the Cold War, the relationship has been changing. Divergences between U.S. and Turkish interests have grown, in part because of Turkey’s relationships with its neighbors and the tension between its Western identity and its Middle Eastern orientation. Further, relations with the European Union have also deteriorated of late. As a result, Ankara has come to feel that it can no longer rely on its traditional allies, and Turkey is likely to be a more difficult and less predictable partner in the future. While Turkey will continue to want good ties to the United States, it is likely to be drawn more heavily into the Middle East by the Kurdish issue and Iran’s nuclear ambitions. Consequently, the tension between Turkey’s Western identity and Middle Eastern orientation is likely to grow even more.

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F. Stephen Larrabee - Turkey as a U.S. Security Pa rtner (2008).pdf

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Arnold R. Alanen - Morgan Park, Duluth, U.S. Steel , and the Forging of a Company Town (2008).jpg

From 1915 to 1971 the large U.S. Steel plant was a major part of Duluth’s landscape and life. Just as important was Morgan Park—an innovatively planned and close-knit community constructed for the plant’s employees and their families. In this new book Arnold R. Alanen brings to life Morgan Park, the formerly company-controlled town that now stands as a city neighborhood, and the U.S. Steel plant for which it was built. Planned by renowned landscape architects, architects, and engineers, and provided with schools, churches, and recreational and medical services by U.S. Steel, Morgan Park is an iconic example—like Lowell, Massachusetts, and Pullman, Illinois—of a twentieth-century company town, as well as a window into northeastern Minnesota’s industrial roots. Starting with the intense political debates that preceded U.S. Steel’s decision to build a plant in Duluth, Morgan Park follows the town and its residents through the boom years to the closing of the outmoded facility—an event that foreshadowed industrial shutdowns elsewhere in the United States—and up to today, as current residents work to preserve the community’s historic character. Through compelling archival and contemporary photographs and vibrant stories of a community built of concrete and strong as steel, Alanen shows the impact both the plant and Morgan Park have had on life in Duluth. Arnold R. Alanen is professor of landscape architecture at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His previous books include Main Street Ready-Made: The New Deal Community of Greendale, Wisconsin and Preserving Cultural Landscapes in America.

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Arnold R. Alanen - Morgan Park, Duluth, U.S. Steel , and the Forging of a Company Town (2008).pdf

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Avner Falk - The Riddle of Barack Obama, A Psychob iography (2010).jpg

The Riddle of Barack Obama: A Psychobiography is the first complete psychological biography of President Barack Obama written by a professional clinical psychologist. Covering Obama's life to date, as well as the lives of his parents, grandparents, and other ancestors, this fascinating volume illuminates the personal, professional, political, emotional, intellectual, and creative aspects of Obama's personality, as well as the motives--conscious and unconscious--for his beliefs and actions.

Dr. Avner Falk draws on hundreds of biographies, newspaper and magazine articles, interviews, investigative reports, and more, using psychoanalytic models developed by Sigmund Freud, Donald Winnicott, Peter Blos, Heinz Kohut, and Schiffer to probe Obama's psychological development. Examining every facet of the president's biography, he delves into his earliest feelings of abandonment and helplessness, his inner conflicts, his protective relationship with his mother, his ambivalent identification with his father, and his quest for identity. Perhaps most intriguingly, Dr. Falk explores the psychological origins of Obama's "fierce ambitions" and the ingredients of his charisma.

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Avner Falk - The Riddle of Barack Obama, A Psychob iography (2010).pdf

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Committee on Technologies to Deter Currency Counte rfeiting - A Path to the Next Generation of U.S. B anknotes, Keeping Them Real (2007).jpg

01 - USA1 - Committee on Technologies to Deter Currency Counterfei... Generation of U.S. Banknotes, Keeping Them Real 2007.jpg

The rapid pace at which digital printing is advancing is posing a very serious challenge to the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Bureau of Printing (BEP) to stay ahead of the evolving counterfeiting threats to U.S. currency. To help meet that challenge, the BEP asked the NRC to undertake an assessment of technologies and methods to produce designs to enhance the security of U.S. Federal Reserve notes (FRNs). This report presents the results of a systematic investigation of the trends in digital imaging and printing and how they enable emerging counterfeiting threats; the identification and analysis of new features of FRNs that could provide effective countermeasures to these threats; and an overview of a requirements-driven development process that could be adapted to develop an advanced-generation currency.

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Committee on Technologies to Deter Currency Counte rfeiting - A Path to the Next Generation of U.S. B anknotes, Keeping Them Real (2007).pdf

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David E. Guinn, Eissa Steglich - In Modern Bondage , Sex Trafficking in the Americas (2003).jpg

Sexual slavery of younger women and children is rapidly becoming the most profitable criminal activity after drug trafficking. The situation is made worse by the fact that under the legal systems of most states involved those trafficked are not deemed to be victims but rather undocumented criminals involved in an often-illegal activity. Very rarely are they offered any support or legal backing. Trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation is also an intricate part of the intensifying illegal immigration business often operated by large organised crime networks. The United Nations estimates that as many as two million women and children have been trafficked and forced into sexual servitude all over the world. This problem is fuelled by poverty, indifference to the rights and needs of women and children, and political upheavals in various parts of the world.

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David E. Guinn, Eissa Steglich - In Modern Bondage , Sex Trafficking in the Americas (2003).pdf

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Jack W. Brink - Imagining Head-Smashed-In, Aborigi nal Buffalo Hunting on the Northern Plains (2008).jpg

For millennia, Aboriginal hunters on the North American Plains used their knowledge of the land and of buffalo behaviour to drive their quarry over cliffs. Archaeologist Jack Brink has written a major study of the mass buffalo hunts and the culture they supported before and after European contact. By way of example, he draws on his 25 years excavating at Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump in southwestern Alberta, Canada – a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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John Gordon - Domestic Trends in the United States , China, and Iran, Implications for U.S. Navy Stra tegic Planning (2008).jpg

01 - USA1 - John Gordon - Domestic Trends in the United States, Ch...an, Implications for U.S. Navy Strategic Planning 2008.jpg

The U.S. Navy faces uncertainty about the degree to which it will have to prepare for a high-end future conflict versus the so-called Long War. To help the Navy understand how critical near- mid-, and far-term trends in the United States, China, and Iran might influence U.S. security decisions in general and the Navy1s investments in particular, RAND examined emerging domestic and regional nonmilitary trends in each of the three countries.

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John Gordon - Domestic Trends in the United States , China, and Iran, Implications for U.S. Navy Stra tegic Planning (2008).pdf

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Kate Prager - Health, United States, 2005 With Cha rtbook on Trends in the Health of Americans (2006).jpg

29th edition. Presents national trends in health statistics. Major findings are presented in the highlights.

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Kate Prager - Health, United States, 2005 With Cha rtbook on Trends in the Health of Americans (2006).pdf

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Laurence M. Hauptman, L. Gordon McLester - Chief D aniel Bread and the Oneida Nation of Indians of Wi sconsin (2002).jpg

01 - USA1 - Laurence M. Hauptman, L. Gordon McLester - Chief Danie...ad and the Oneida Nation of Indians of Wisconsin 2002.jpg

Chief Daniel Bread (1800-1873) played a key role in establishing the Oneida Indians' presence in Wisconsin after their removal from New York, yet no monument commemorates his deeds as the Oneida community's founder. Laurence M. Hauptman and L. Gordon McLester III redress that historical oversight, connecting Bread's life story with the nineteenth-century history of the Oneida Nation.
Bread was a complex individual. He was often criticized for his support of acculturation and missionary schools as well as for his working relationship with Indian agents; however, when the Federal-Menominee treaties slashed Oneida lands, he fought back, taking his people's cause to Washington and confronting President Andrew Jackson. The authors challenge the long-held views about Eleazer Williams's leadership of the Oneidas and persuasively show that Bread's was the voice vigorously defending tribal interests.

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Laurence M. Hauptman, L. Gordon McLester - Chief D aniel Bread and the Oneida Nation of Indians of Wi sconsin (2002).pdf

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Max Foran - Icon, Brand, Myth, The Calgary Stamped e (2008).jpg

An investigation of the meanings and iconography of the Stampede, an invented tradition that takes over the city of Calgary for 10 days every July. Since 1923, archetypal “Cowboys and Indians” are seen again at the chuckwagon races, on the midway, and throughout Calgary. Each essay in this collection examines a facet of the experience—from the images on advertising posters to the ritual of the annual parade. This study of the Calgary Stampede as a social phenomenon reveals the history and sociology of the city of Calgary and the social construc-tion of identity for western Canada as a whole.

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Max Foran - Icon, Brand, Myth, The Calgary Stamped e (2008).pdf

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Melani McAlister - Epic Encounters, Culture, Media , and U.S. Interests in the Middle East, 1945-2000 (2001).jpg

01 - USA1 - Melani McAlister - Epic Encounters, Culture, Media, an... and U.S. Interests in the Middle East, 1945-2000 2001.jpg

In the last half of the twentieth century, cultural products--from films and news reports to museum exhibits and novels--profoundly shaped ideas about the relationship between Americans and the Middle East. In this innovative book, Melani McAlister explores the cultural history of political interests, arguing that U.S. encounters with the Middle East were influenced by both the presence of oil and the religious symbolism of the region. McAlister's richly textured study shows how culture functions as a social and historical force in shaping politics and identity. She skillfully weaves lively and accessible readings of popular culture with a rigorous analysis of U.S. foreign policy and the domestic politics of race. McAlister begins by situating the postwar development of U.S.-Middle East relations, including the rise of anticolonialism and the establishment of the state of Israel. Subsequent chapters consider specific events and cultural texts such as the epic film The Ten Commandments, the King Tut museum exhibit, writings from the Black arts movement, the U.S.-Iranian hostage crisis, and the 1990-1991 Gulf War. In each of these cases, McAlister demonstrates how representations of the Middle East have been a site of struggle over both the nature of U.S. foreign policy and the construction of race, religion, and gender within the United States. Truly interdisciplinary, this work will appeal to a wide audience as it illuminates the significant intersection of culture and politics that is at the heart of both nationalism and globalization.

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Melani McAlister - Epic Encounters, Culture, Media , and U.S. Interests in the Middle East, 1945-2000 (2001).pdf

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Selig S. Harinson - Korean Endgame, A Strategy fo r Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (2002).jpg

Nearly half a century after the fighting stopped, the 1953 Armistice has yet to be replaced with a peace treaty formally ending the Korean War. While Russia and China withdrew the last of their forces in 1958, the United States maintains 37,000 troops in South Korea and is pledged to defend it with nuclear weapons. In Korean Endgame, Selig Harrison mounts the first authoritative challenge to this long-standing U.S. policy.
Harrison shows why North Korea is not--as many policymakers expect--about to collapse. And he explains why existing U.S. policies hamper North-South reconciliation and reunification. Assessing North Korean capabilities and the motivations that have led to its forward deployments, he spells out the arms control concessions by North Korea, South Korea, and the United States necessary to ease the dangers of confrontation, centering on reciprocal U.S. force redeployments and U.S. withdrawals in return for North Korean pullbacks from the thirty-eighth parallel.
Similarly, he proposes specific trade-offs to forestall the North's development of nuclear weapons and missile delivery systems, calling for the withdrawal of the U.S. nuclear umbrella in conjunction with agreements to denuclearize Korea embracing China, Russia, and Japan. The long-term goal of U.S. policy, he argues, should be the full disengagement of U.S. combat forces from Korea as part of regional agreements insulating the peninsula from all foreign conventional and nuclear forces.
A veteran journalist with decades of extensive firsthand knowledge of North Korea and long-standing contacts with leaders in Washington, Seoul, and Pyongyang, Harrison is perfectly placed to make these arguments. Throughout, he supports his analysis with revealing accounts of conversations with North Korean, South Korean, and U.S. leaders over thirty-five years. Combining probing scholarship with a seasoned reporter's on-the-ground experience and insights, he has given us the definitive book on U.S. policy in Korea--past, present, and future.

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Selig S. Harinson - Korean Endgame, A Strategy fo r Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (2002).rar

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Teresa Palomo Acosta, Ruthe Winegarten - Las Tejan as, 300 Years of History (2003).jpg

"No other works which combine so much material on Hispanic women have been published in the past, and I know of none in the offing. . . . This will be an excellent sourcebook for anyone interested in the many Tejanas who overcame adversity to succeed as businesswomen, professionals, educators, and politicians."
—Carolina Castillo Crimm, Associate Professor of History, Sam Houston State University
Since the early 1700s, women of Spanish/Mexican origin or descent have played a central, if often unacknowledged, role in Texas history. Tejanas have been community builders, political and religious leaders, founders of organizations, committed trade unionists, innovative educators, astute businesswomen, experienced professionals, and highly original artists. Giving their achievements the recognition they have long deserved, this groundbreaking book is at once a general history and a celebration of Tejanas' contributions to Texas over three centuries.
The authors have gathered and distilled a wide range of information to create this important resource. They offer one of the first detailed accounts of Tejanas' lives in the colonial period and from the Republic of Texas up to 1900. Drawing on the fuller documentation that exists for the twentieth century, they also examine many aspects of the modern Tejana experience, including Tejanas' contributions to education, business and the professions, faith and community, politics, and the arts. A large selection of photographs, a historical timeline, and profiles of fifty notable Tejanas complete the volume and assure its usefulness for a broad general audience, as well as for educators and historians.

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Teresa Palomo Acosta, Ruthe Winegarten - Las Tejan as, 300 Years of History (2003).pdf

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Tom Lansford - Historical Dictionary of U.S. Diplo macy since the Cold War (2009).jpg

The sixth in the publisher’s Historical Dictionaries of U.S. Diplomacy series continues in the same format as the earlier titles. The author, a political scientist at Southern Mississippi University, has written extensively on international relations and national security. The main section contains 295 pages of entries on the very active last two decades for the U.S. and the world. The entries range from one paragraph to several pages and cover terms, treaties, organizations, people, places, and events. They are clearly written and accurate, although with some inevitable duplication. Information is current into 2007, such as North Korea agreeing to dismantle its nuclear program. The work is enhanced by a 17-page overview in the introduction, a 3-page list of acronyms and abbreviations, a 15-page chronology, cross-references, an appendix of excerpts from major speeches and documents, and a current 28-page bibliography, carefully arranged and developed.

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