In Senegal, the Muridiyya, a large Islamic Sufi order, is the single most influential religious organization, including among its numbers the nation’s president. Yet little is known of this sect in the West. Drawn from a wide variety of archival, oral, and iconographic sources in Arabic, French, and Wolof, Fighting the Greater Jihad offers an astute analysis of the founding and development of the order and a biographical study of its founder, Cheikh Amadu Bamba Mbacke.
Cheikh Anta Babou explores the forging of Murid identity and pedagogy around the person and initiative of Amadu Bamba as well as the continuing reconstruction of this identity by more recent followers. He makes a compelling case for reexamining the history of Muslim institutions in Africa and elsewhere in order to appreciate believers’ motivation and initiatives, especially religious culture and education, beyond the narrow confines of political collaboration and resistance.
Fighting the Greater Jihad also reveals how religious power is built at the intersection of genealogy, knowledge, and spiritual force, and how this power in turn affected colonial policy.
Fighting the Greater Jihad will dramatically alter the perspective from which anthropologists, historians, and political scientists study Muslim mystical orders.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Cheikh Anta Babou - Fighting the Greater Jihad; Am adu Bamba and the Founding of the Muridiyya of Sen egal, 1853-1913 (2007).pdf

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Deborah Baumgold - Contract Theory in Historical C ontet (2010).jpg

CONTENTS
Preface ............................ ix
Abbreviations ............................ xvii

PART I
AN ANCIEN REGIME QUESTION: RESISTANCE
Chapter One Hobbes’s and Locke’s Contract Theories:
Political not Metaphysical ......................................... 3
Chapter Two Pacifying Politics: Resistance, Violence, and
Accountability in Seventeenth-Century Contract Theory ...... 27

PART II
AN ANCIEN REGIME HORIZON: PARTICULARITY
AND UNIVERSALITY
Chapter Three When Hobbes Needed History ......................... 53
Chapter Four Hobbesian Absolutism and the Paradox in
Modern Contractarianism .............................. 75

PART III
ANCIEN REGIME BOOKS: SERIAL COMPOSITION
Chapter Five h e Composition of Hobbes’s Elements of Law 105
Chapter Six The Dificulties of Hobbes Interpretation ............ 135

AFTERWORD
Chapter Seven Afterword: Theorists of the Absolutist
State .....................................169
Bibliography ....................................... 181
Index ..............................189

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Allen J. Fromherz - The Almohads; The Rise of an I slamic Empire (2010).jpg

How did an obscure Islamic visionary found an empire? The Almohad Empire at its zenith in the 12th century was the major power in the Mediterranean and North Africa, ruling a huge region from the Atlas Mountains to Andalusia. Effective administration was backed by military force, and the empire was the seat of a 12th-century renaissance in the fortunes of Islamic power in North Africa and the western Muslim world. The effect on the culture of both the Middle East and Europe was to prove lasting.
Allen Fromherz, drawing on medieval Arabic and Berber sources, analyzes the myth and history surrounding the rise of the Almohad Empire. He shows how Muhammad Ibn Tumart, the son of a minor Berber tribal chief, set off on his mission to reform Islam, then at a low point in its history, battered by the crusades, having lost Jerusalem and been undermined by weak spiritual and political leadership. Muhammad Ibn Tumart was proclaimed Mahdi -- one who would herald the golden age of Islam -- provided charismatic leadership, unwavering adherence to a fundamentalist monotheistic Islam enforced by holy war, established tribal unity, effective administration and a formidable military force. Here were the sinews of the empire's power and the base for lasting political and cultural influence in the Middle East and Europe.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Hans Hagerdal - Responding to the West; Essays on Colonial Domination and Asian Agency (2009).jpg

The international contributors to this penetrating volume apply fresh perspectives and new methodologies to the Asian colonial experience, from the eighteenth century through the post World War II decolonization. Historiography, gender, military studies, finance, and issues of race and class all feature in this wide-ranging account of the diversity of human relationships forged by the colonial presence. For all of its features of structural oppression, colonialism was not a one-way communicative process, as this volume demonstrates through its analysis of the ever-shifting roles of colonizer and colonized.

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1,7 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Hans Hagerdal - Responding to the West; Essays on Colonial Domination and Asian Agency (2009).pdf

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Karen Armstrong - A Short History of Myth (2006).jpg

In this essay, superpopular religion historian Armstrong (Islam: A Short History, 2000) fastens the attributes of myth to the major chronological categories of human history. At each transition from the Paleolithic to scientific eras, she argues that a mythical conception of natural forces has drifted ever further from interpretation in pragmatic and logical terms, such that myth in modern times is a beleaguered species of fiction. To Armstrong this state reflects a profound misunderstanding of what myth is and does. Defining it as an art form that, on the assumption of the existence of an invisible realm of reality, protects one against the despair arising from the limitations of the tactile world (death in particular), Armstrong relates how mythology has historically been reformulated.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Gordon Williamson - The Iron Cross; A History, 181 3-1957 (1985).jpg

This book, published in 1984, is one of the first to actually focus on a specific award. In this case it's the Iron Cross; a German award that is possibly the most recognizable medal in the world (along with the Purple Heart and, perhaps, the Medal of Honor).

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48,5 MB
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Gordon Williamson - The Iron Cross; A History, 181 3-1957 (1985).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Jennie Batchelor - Women and Material Culture, 166 0-1830 (2007).jpg

Women and Material Culture comprises twelve illustrated, interdisciplinary essays on gender and material culture across the long eighteenth century. Written by an international group of scholars working in the fields of visual culture, dress history and literary criticism, these essays point to the manifold ways in which gender mediated and was shaped by the consumption and production of goods (from clothing and artworks to books) and elucidate the complex, shifting relationships between material and social practice in the period.

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10,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Jennie Batchelor - Women and Material Culture, 166 0-1830 (2007).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Saree Makdisi - The Arabian Nights in Historical C ontext; Between East and West (2009).jpg

Alf layla wa layla (known in English as A Thousand and One Nights or The Arabian Nights) changed the world on a scale unrivalled by any other literary text. Inspired by a fourteenth-century Syrian manuscript, the appearance of Antoine Galland's twelve-volume Mille et Une Nuits in English translation (1704-1717), closely followed by the Grub Street English edition, drew the text into European circulation. Over the following three hundred years, a widely heterogeneous series of editions, compilations, translations, and variations circled the globe to reveal the absorption of The Arabian Nights into English, Continental, and global literatures, and its transformative return to modern Arabic literature, where it now enjoys a degree of prominence that it had never attained during the classical period. Beginning with a thorough introduction situating The Arabian Nights in its historical and cultural contexts-and offering a fresh examination of the text's multiple locations in the long history of modern Orientalism--this collection of essays by noted scholars from "East," "West," and in-between reassesses the influence of the Nights in Enlightenment and Romantic literature, as well as the text's vigorous afterlife in the contemporary Arabic novel.

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10,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Saree Makdisi - The Arabian Nights in Historical C ontext; Between East and West (2009).pdf

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World History - Charles George, Linda George - May a Civilization (2010).jpg

The introduction to this fine series asks the same question that many students ask: Why do we have to learn about history? It's even honest when it says that most young people aren't satisfied with the usual answer about learning lessons from the past. A more engaging idea is that history is about stories, and here the series shines as it provides contemporaneous writing as well as work by scholars that offer plenty of drama and lots of facts, too. The mysteries described in Maya Civilization are manifold, but because of intensive research into the Maya culture, the puzzle pieces are now falling into place. The series provides a solid time line, plenty of photographs, sourced quotes, and a list of books and websites for further investigation. Excellent for reports and research. Grades 7-10.

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10,1 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

World History - Charles George, Linda George - May a Civilization (2010).pdf

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Edward E. McCullough - How the First World War Beg an, The Triple Entente and the Coming of the Great War of 1914-1918 (1999).jpg

All History - Edward E. McCullough - How the First World War Began,...te and the Coming of the Great War of 1914-1918 1999.jpg

The current dogma concerning the origins of the First World War supports the militarist myth that wars are caused by stupid, evil, aggressive nations on the other side of the world who refuse to get along with the intelligent, good, peaceful people on this side.

This book attempts to understand the real causes of war and to dissociate propaganda from historical fact. By reviewing the events of the pre-1914 period, the responsibility of Germany for the outbreak of the war is reconsidered.

It begins with a short account of the situation after the Franco-Prussian War, when France was isolated and Germany secure in the friendship of all the other Great Powers, and proceeds to describe how France created an anti-German coalition. The account of the estrangement of England from Germany attempts to correct the usual pro-British prejudice and to explain the real causes of this development. The centrepiece of the work is the creation of the Triple Entente.

This book is unique in its positive approach to the German Empire of 1871-1918.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Edward E. McCullough - How the First World War Beg an, The Triple Entente and the Coming of the Great War of 1914-1918 (1999).pdf

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377 KB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Ralph Payne-Gallwey - The Book of the Crossbow (19 95).jpg

The all-time bestseller with a first edition as far back as 1903, later to appear with the 1907 appendix, was written by an amateur (in the true sense of the word) of archery who apparently had an unlimited source of money and time, but only modest background in physics. Along with the history of the crossbow, detailed accounts of the construction and maintenance of various crossbows designed for bolts and bullets are given. Related and/or relevant medieval weapon, like longbow, ballista and arquebus, are also treated in some detail, and the 1907 appendix on turkish bows serves to give a most interesting contrast to european archery of the epoch. This said, it must be stressed that on the whole it is a very fine piece of work, made by a historian rather than an engineer, a book without a match for almost a century, and certainly well worth recommending.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Ralph Payne-Gallwey - The Book of the Crossbow (19 95).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Michael C. C. Adams - The Great Adventure; Male De sire and the Coming of World War I (1990).jpg

In 1914 Europe descended into a slaughter unlike anything that had been seen before. Yet, far from seeing the conflict as a tragedy, many men welcomed it as a healthy development for society, a relief from peace. The Great Adventure explores the intellectual trends that made war seem a natural and high expression of social values. This is not a book about the specific causes of World War I, but a study of the mood in which it could take place. What the book uncovers is a complex of deeply ingrained attitudes about manhood, sex, power, maturity, boredom, and war that defined a culture in which war came to be seen as a positive option. Although the book focuses on attitudes in Great Britain and the United States of nearly a century ago, it makes a remarkably contemporary statement about men, women, and the culture of war.

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83,3 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Michael C. C. Adams - The Great Adventure; Male De sire and the Coming of World War I (1990).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Tim Newark - Women Warlords, An Illustrated Histor y of Female Warriors (1989).jpg

YA --Newark describes women of early Europe, Africa, and South America who led troops or fought on the battlefield. He begins by presenting both the legend and what has been authenticated about the female warriors, the Amazons, and the truth of the female force of the Dahomey tribe of West Africa. He then goes on to discuss female leaders up to the Hundred Years War. For these, Newark gives some biographical information, focusing on what led the women to become warriors and descriptions of their battles. Less scholarly and more straightforward in tone than Antonia Fraser's Warrior Queens (Knopf, 1989), the book does cover some of the same women. A readable text is presented in fairly small print, relieved by photos of artifacts and ancient drawings. Useful for young adults browsing as well as research, this is a lively and interesting addition to the area of women's history.

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80,3 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Tim Newark - Women Warlords, An Illustrated Histor y of Female Warriors (1989).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Alison Weir - Eleanor of Aquitaine; By the Wrath o f God, Queen of England (2000).jpg

Once again Alison Weir has produced another wonderful and exciting biography. In this book on Eleanor of Aquitaine she has told the story of this most interesting person in a manner that had me glued to the pages. I must state that I have not previously read any books on this subject, quite a few on Richard I but nothing on his mother. I usually enjoy military history but this was an excellent story, well researched and well presented with heaps of plots, fighting and treachery. The story may well be known to quite a few people out there but to me this book offered the first timer a grand and interesting panorama of this most interesting person during a most interesting period. The narrative was quick and exciting, moving along covering a vast period of time and people however I never got lost in the story. On a number of occasions points in dispute were threshed out and a common sense approach was adopted in trying to find the truth of the matter. Eleanor of Aquitaine had a number of detractors throughout history but I think the author tried to present her story in a non biased manner. This is a good book and I think that most people will enjoy the story and even those who know the whole story should gain something from this account.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Niall Ferguson - Civilization; The West and the Re st. (2911).jpg

If in the year 1411 you had been able to circumnavigate the globe, you would have been most impressed by the dazzling civilizations of the Orient. The Forbidden City was under construction in Ming Beijing; in the Near East, the Ottomans were closing in on Constantinople. By contrast, England would have struck you as a miserable backwater ravaged by plague, bad sanitation and incessant war. The other quarrelsome kingdoms of Western Europe - Aragon, Castile, France, Portugal and Scotland - would have seemed little better. As for fifteenth-century North America, it was an anarchic wilderness compared with the realms of the Aztecs and Incas. The idea that the West would come to dominate the Rest for most of the next half millennium would have struck you as wildly fanciful. And yet it happened. What was it about the civilization of Western Europe that allowed it to trump the outwardly superior empires of the Orient? The answer, Niall Ferguson argues, was that the West developed six 'killer applications' that the Rest lacked: competition, science, democracy, medicine, consumerism and the work ethic. The key question today is whether or not the West has lost its monopoly on these six things. If so, Ferguson warns, we may be living through the end of Western ascendancy. Civilization takes readers on their own extraordinary journey around the world - from the Grand Canal at Nanjing to the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul; from Machu Picchu in the Andes to Shark Island, Namibia; from the proud towers of Prague to the secret churches of Wenzhou. It is the story of sailboats, missiles, land deeds, vaccines, blue jeans and Chinese Bibles. It is the defining narrative of modern world history.

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Christopher Coredon, Ann Williams - A Dictionary o f Medieval Terms and Phrases (2004).jpg

This dictionary contains some 3,400 terms as headwords. It is aimed at the non-academic reader of history who often encounters technical words and phrases whose precise meaning is assumed by the writer. The subject matter ranges from the legal and ecclesiastic to the more humdrum words of daily life. As Latin was the language of the church, law and government records there are many Latin terms, frequently found in modern books of history of the period. Similarly, readers find Old English and Middle English terms used which may be familiar but of whose exact meaning they are uncertain. This dictionary endeavours to provide clarity to such readers. In addition to definition, etymologies of many words are offered because it is felt that knowing the origin and evolution of a word contributes to its better understanding; as a further illustration, some terms and phrases are shown in contemporary use.

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1,5 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

Christopher Coredon, Ann Williams - A Dictionary o f Medieval Terms and Phrases (2004).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

J. A. Crame, A. W. Owen - Palaeobiogeography and B iodiversity Change; The Ordovician and Mesozoic-Ce nozoic Radiations (2002).jpg

All History - J. A. Crame, A. W. Owen - Palaeobiogeography and Biod... The Ordovician and Mesozoic-Cenozoic Radiations 2002.jpg

The study of biodiversity through geological time provides important information for the understanding of diversity patterns at the present day. Hitherto, much effort has been paid to studying the mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic but the research emphasis has now changed to focus on what occurred between these spectacular catastrophic events. After the Cambrian 'explosion' of marine organisms with readily preservable skeletons, there have been two intervals when life radiated dramatically - the Ordovician Period, and the mid-Mesozoic-Cenozoic eras. These intervals saw a fundamental reoganization of biodiversity on a hierarchy of biogeographical scales. The size of these diversity increases and their probable causes are topics of intense debate, and there is an intriguing link between the dispersal of continents, changing climates and the proliferation of life.
Palaeobiogeography and Biodiversity Change: the Ordovician and Mesozoic-Cenozoic Radiations illustrates many aspects of the two great episodes of biotic radiation and shows how long periods of time and plate tectonic movements have a fundamental influence on the generation and maintenance of major extant biodiversity patterns.

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18,9 MB
10 wrz 18 22:03

J. A. Crame, A. W. Owen - Palaeobiogeography and B iodiversity Change; The Ordovician and Mesozoic-Ce nozoic Radiations (2002).pdf

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10 wrz 18 22:03

Jim Samson - The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-C entury Music (2001).jpg

The most informed reference book on nineteenth-century music currently available, this comprehensive overview of music in the nineteenth century draws on the most recent scholarship in the field. Essays investigate the intellectual and socio-political history of the time, and examine topics such as nations and nationalism, the emergent concept of an avant garde, and musical styles and languages at the turn of the century. It contains a detailed chronology, and extensive glossaries.

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brzeska11 napisano 24.11.2022 15:39

Polecam, książki o Wikingach, archeologia,rekonstrukcja średniowiecza, bazy znalezisk, wczesne średniowiecze: Hedeby, Archeologia wikingów

moyade8805 napisano 27.01.2023 09:08

Super chomik

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Super chomik, wartościowe pozycje dla emeryta 84!

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dzięki super zbiory zapraszam do siebie

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magda.s3 napisano 15.09.2025 15:59

AUDIOBOOKI NOWOŚCI 2025 I HITY WYDAWNICZE EBOOKI różne formaty, NOWOŚCI, HITY, kryminał, reportaż, psychologia, psychiatria, thriller, klasyki gatunku, trudnodostępne perełki, zapraszam!

DELL_2026 napisano 29.03.2026 19:27