In this four-book series we step back in time—back so many years that it is hard to grasp the distance—to explore our roots. Amazingly, for most of the millions of years that people have been around, there was more than one species of human in the world. Can you imagine meeting another species of human? Today we, Homo sapiens, are the only species of human on Earth. How did we become what we are today, and who were our ancestors and cousins in the human family free? Together, the four books in Humans: An Evolutionary History answer these questions and more:
Origins focuses on the search for our earliest ancestors, including the australopiths, an offshoot of the ape family that lived in Africa five million years ago.
First Humans introduces the genus Homo—our branch of the family tree—and describes how its members migrated out of Africa.
ICE Age Neanderthals tells the story of people who lived in Eurasia for hundreds of thousands of years, only to become extinct when our species arrived on the scene.
Modern Humans examines our species, which spread from Africa to every part of the world, and looks at the DNA research that is uncovering our hidden history.
Children's Literature
Readers learn about early human species, including several belonging to genus Homo, in this second book in the "Humans: An Evolutionary History" series. Text addresses scandals associated with controversial Piltdown Man fossils discovered in an English gravel pit. Because some of those fossils had human and others ape traits, many people believed they represented a missing link, while others proved the Piltdown Man was a fraud. This book examines the ramifications of the Piltdown Man hoax to human evolutionary science. The role of Oldowan tools and the Acheulean hand ax in human evolution is explored. Many scientists found human fossils in Asian medicine stores because people believed they were dragon bones with healing powers. Davidson Black and Wenzhong Pei protected human fossils, known as Peking Man, from thieves while traveling from his excavation site to Beijing. When Japan occupied China during World War II, Franz Weidenreich, Black's successor, cast those fossils in plaster which he took to the American Museum of Natural History. Peking Man vanished during the war and still remains missing. Mary Leakey's Nutcracker Man had larger jaws and teeth than other early human fossils, causing researchers to contemplate that fossil's position in human evolution and possibility of being the ancestor of modern humans. Supplementary material includes illustrations, a glossary, endnotes, a bibliography, a timeline, a chronology, charts, and a map. Mysteries surrounding Piltdown and Peking Men present intriguing report and project subjects. Reviewer: Elizabeth D. Schafer

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Rebecca Stefoff - First Humans (2009).pdf

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Mogens Laerke - The Use of Censorship in the Enlig htenment (2009).jpg

The ambition is of this volume to study the role censorship played in the intellectual culture of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, how it was implemented, and how it affected the development philosophy and literary writing. It contains contributions by intellectual historians, philosophers and literary theorists. The first section studies how Enlightenment thinkers were submitted to censorship, in particular the German Spinozists, Pierre Bayle, and the French Encylopedists. The second section on the institutional aspects of censorship contains an analysis of the breakdown of censorship in England around 1640 and a discussion of the impact of censorship on philosophy in the Netherlands. The final section studies the stand three Enlightenment thinkers, namely John Toland, Denis Diderot, and G. W. Leibniz, took on the issue of censorship.

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Mogens Laerke - The Use of Censorship in the Enlig htenment (2009).pdf

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Joseph Kostiner , Philip Shukry Khoury - Tribes an d State Formation in the Middle East (1991).jpg

Tribes and State Formation is the first effort to bring together the disciplines of history, anthropology, and political science around a major topic that none of these alone is adequately equipped to address. How and why did certain tribal societies metamorphose over time into states? Scholars concerned with general questions of theory and methodology and the interaction of anthropology and history, as well as political scientists and sociologists concerned with concepts of the state in the Middle East and other developing regions, will be well served by this innovative work.
The articles by an array of distinguished scholars cover a wide range of topics: the relationship of ideology to tribal and state power, comparisons between different regional patterns of tribe-state interaction, historical case studies from North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Iran extending to the contemporary period; theoretical and methodological inquiries, and systematic reviews of the literature on tribes and states. The articles argue against a unilinear approach to the study of tribes and state formation by emphasizing that states often existed alongside tribes and even created tribes for their own purposes. Some case studies emphasize the incompatibility of states and tribalism, while others illustrate the many areas in which tribes actually enhanced rather than impeded state formation.

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Joseph Kostiner , Philip Shukry Khoury - Tribes an d State Formation in the Middle East (1991) [PDF].rar

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C. A. Gregory - Savage Money, The Anthropology and Politics of Commodity Exchange (1997).jpg

The mark of a civilized economy is national money; the English pound, the Australian dollar, the Indian rupee. The mark of a savage economy is untamed money in the form of cowrie shells, silver, gold and so on. The power of the state is crucially dependent on its ability to domesticate savage money and to reproduce its control over it. This is a constant struggle and especially so for an imperial state with ambitions of international statehood.
The English pound conquered cowries and silver at the end of the last century, and the American dollar almost succeeded in domesticating gold, the last vestige of savage money. However, a new era of savage money is dawning in the twilight of the American empire. 'Money' has an equivocation rather than a definition. Naming it does not nail it. It is a chameleon-like symbol which is forever changing as mercantile relations between people vary over time and place.
This volume is not simply another general theory of world system. It is a theoreticall

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C. A. Gregory - Savage Money, The Anthropology and Politics of Commodity Exchange (1997).pdf

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Christopher M. Hutton - Race and the Third Reich, Linguistics, Racial Anthropology and Genetics in t he Dialectic of Volk (2005).jpg

All History - Christopher M. Hutton - Race and the Third Reich, Lin...thropology and Genetics in the Dialectic of Volk 2005.jpg

This book aims to set out the key concepts, debates and controversies that marked the academic study of race in Nazi Germany. It looks in particular at the discipline of racial anthropology and its relationship to linguistics and human biology.

Christopher Hutton identifies the central figures involved in the study of race during the Nazi regime, and traces continuities and discontinuities between Nazism and the study of human diversity in the Western tradition. Whilst Nazi race theory is commonly associated with the idea of a superior "Aryan race" and with the idealization of the Nordic ideal of blond hair, blue eyes and a "long-skull", Nazi race theorists, in common with their colleagues outside Germany, without exception denied the existence of an Aryan race. After 1935 official publications were at pains to stress that the term "Aryan" belonged to linguistics and was not a racial category at all. Under the influence of Mendelian genetics, racial anthropologists concluded that there was no necessary link between ideal physical appearance and ideal racial character. In the course of the Third Reich, racial anthropology was marginalized in favour of the rising science of human genetics. However, racial anthropologists played a key role in the crimes of the Nazi state by defining Jews and others as racial outsiders to be excluded at all costs from the body of the German Volk.

Anyone studying the Third Reich or who is interested in race theory will find this a fascinating, informative and accessible study.

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Christopher M. Hutton - Race and the Third Reich, Linguistics, Racial Anthropology and Genetics in t he Dialectic of Volk (2005).djvu

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Dava Sobel, William J. H. Andrewes - The Illustrat ed Longitude, The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time (2003).jpg

All History - Dava Sobel, William J. H. Andrewes - The Illustrated ...lved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time 2003.jpg

When Dava Sobel's Longitude was published to universal acclaim in 1995, readers voiced only one regret: that it was not illustrated. Now, William Andrewes, the man who organized and hosted the Longitude Symposium that inspired her book, has joined Dava Sobel to create a richly illustrated version of her classic story.

The Illustrated Longitude recounts in words and images the epic quest to solve the thorniest scientific problem of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Throughout the great age of exploration, sailors attempted to navigate the oceans without any means of measuring their longitude: All too often, voyages ended in total disaster when both crew and cargo were captured or lost upon the rocks of an unexpected landfall. Thousands of lives and the fortunes of seafaring nations hung on a resolution.

To encourage a solution, governments established major prizes for anyone whose method or device proved successful. The largest reward of £20,000-truly a king's ransom-was offered by the British Parliament in 1714. The scientific establishment-from Galileo to Sir Isaac Newton-had been certain that a celestial answer would be found and invested untold effort in this pursuit. In stark contrast, one man, John Harrison, imagined and built the unimaginable: a clock that solved the problem by keeping precise time at sea, called today the chronometer. His trials and tribulations to win the prize throughout a forty-year obsession are the culmination of this remarkable story.

The Illustrated Longitude contains the entire original narrative of Longitude, redesigned to accompany 178 images chosen by Will Andrewes: from portraits of every important figure in the story to maps, diagrams, and photographs of scientific instruments, especially John Harrison's remarkable clocks. Andrewes's elegant captions emphasize the scientific and historical events surrounding the images, and they tell their own dramatic story of longitude, paralleling and illuminating Dava Sobel's memorable tale.

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Dava Sobel, William J. H. Andrewes - The Illustrat ed Longitude, The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time (2003).pdf

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Jan Ling - A History of European Folk Music (2009).jpg

The aim of this study is to increase understanding of folk music within an historical, European framework, and to show the genre as a dynamic and changing art form. The book addresses a plethora of questions through its detailed examination of a wide range of music from vastly different national and cultural identities. It attempts to elucidate the connections between, and the varying development of, the music of peoples throughout Europe, firstly by examining the ways in which scholars of different ideological and artistic ambitions have collected, studied and performed folk music, then by investigating the relationship between folk and popular music.

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Jan Ling - A History of European Folk Music (2009).chm

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Marian Broida - Ancient Egyptians and Their Neighb ors, An Activity Guide (1999).jpg

Want to speak Hittite? Hold out a glass and ask for awa-tar. This unique activity book for children ages nine and up shows what life was like among the Nubians, Mesopotamians, Hittites, and their neighbors the Egyptians from around 3100 B.C., when Upper and Lower Egypt became one kingdom, to the death of Queen Cleopatra under the Romans, in 30 B.C. Projects such as building a Nubian irrigation machine, creating a Mesopotamian cylinder seal out of clay, making kilts like those worn by Egyptian boys and men, and writing in Hittite cuneiform help young readers to connect with these ancient cultures and see how profoundly they have influenced our own.

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Marian Broida - Ancient Egyptians and Their Neighb ors, An Activity Guide (1999).pdf

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DK READERS - Esther Ripley - The Big Dinosaur Dig (2009).jpg

Travel to the Sahara Desert with Josh Smith, real-life archeologist, as he and his crew of intrepid dinosaur hunters face fierce sandstorms, long hours of difficult work, and, finally, the joy of discovering a new species of dinosaur!

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Phillip C. Naylor - France and Algeria. A History of Decolonization and Transformation (2000).jpg

Phillip Naylor describes the extraordinary bilateral relationship between France and Algeria, countries which - after 132 years of colonialism and a brutal war of independence - have attempted to fashion a new relationship based on "mutual respect". Beginning with a review of the colonial period up to 1958, Naylor examines the various dramas that have distinguished bilateral relations since independence: the Evian Accords of March 1962, the substitution of cooperation for colonialism, the nationalization of the hydrocarbons sector in 1971, and the Fitna, Algeria's violent "trial" of itself as a nation during the '90s. Recognizing many contradictions and complexities in the period of "postcolonial decolonization", Naylor melds philosophy, economics, sociology, political science, and literary criticism into his historical narrative. Readers will find an impressive range of subject matter and methodologies brought to bear on the evolving relations of power, preception and identity between the two states. In the voluminous literature covering France's relationship with Algeria, the bilateral postcolonial history has been marginalized, if not neglected. Naylor offers a widely and deeply researched account of this period, and of the exceptional relationship between France and Algeria as the former continues to ascribe strategic importance to Algeria while the latter struggles to transform and escape the residual influence of its colonial past.

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Phillip C. Naylor - France and Algeria. A History of Decolonization and Transformation (2000).pdf

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Lee Dian Rainey - Confucius and Confucianism, The Essentials (2010).jpg

This comprehensive introduction explores the life and teachings of Confucius, and development of Confucian thought, from ancient times to the present today.
Demonstrates the wisdom and enduring relevance of Confucius’s teachings – drawing parallels between our 21st century society and that of China 2,500 years ago, where government corruption, along with social, economic, and technical changes, led thinkers to examine human nature and society
Draws on the latest research and incorporates interpretations of Confucius and his works by Chinese and Western scholars throughout the centuries
Explores how Confucius's followers expanded and reinterpreted his ideas after his death, and how this process has continued throughout Chinese history
Seamlessly links Confucius with our modern age, revealing how his teachings have become the basis of East Asian culture and influenced the West

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Lee Dian Rainey - Confucius and Confucianism, The Essentials (2010).pdf

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Miwao Matsumoto - Technology Gatekeepers for War a nd Peace, The British Ship Revolution and Japanese Industrialization (2006).jpg

All History - Miwao Matsumoto - Technology Gatekeepers for War and ...h Ship Revolution and Japanese Industrialization 2006.jpg

The scientific and technological revolution in shipbuilding in the early twentieth century had a great impact on both the military and the industrial/commercial world. Miwao Matsumoto focuses on the relationship between this revolution and the structure and function of "technology gatekeepers" during the process of transfer of marine science and technology from Britain to Japan in this period.

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Frank Trentmann, Philippa Levine, Kevin Grant - Be yond Sovereignty. Britain, Empire and Transnationa lism, c.1860-1950 (2007).jpg

All History - Frank Trentmann, Philippa Levine, Kevin Grant - Beyon...itain, Empire and Transnationalism, c.1860-1950 2007.jpg

Beyond Sovereignty explores the central role of the British Empire in developing transnational ideas, institutions and social movements of increasing scope and influence in the eras of high imperialism and the two world wars. Chapters follow transnational dynamics and debates over sovereignty in the domains of sexuality, law, politics, culture and religion.

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Frank Trentmann, Philippa Levine, Kevin Grant - Be yond Sovereignty. Britain, Empire and Transnationa lism, c.1860-1950 (2007).pdf

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Alan Igram - Cultural Constructions of Madness in Eighteenth-Century Writing, Representing the Insan e (2005).jpg

All History - Alan Igram - Cultural Constructions of Madness in Eig...teenth-Century Writing, Representing the Insane 2005.jpg

This work deals with the (mis)representation of insanity through a substantial range of literary forms and figures from across the eighteenth century and beyond. Chapters cover the representation, distortion, sentimentalization and elevation of insanity, and such associated issues as gender, personal identity, and performance, in some of the best and least known writers of the period. A selection of visual material, including works by Hogarth, Rowlandson, and Gillray, is also discussed. While primarily adopting a literary focus, the work is informed throughout by an alertness to significant issues of medical and psychiatric history.

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Alan Igram - Cultural Constructions of Madness in Eighteenth-Century Writing, Representing the Insan e (2005).pdf

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Diego De Castro Titu Cusi Yupangui, Diego De Castr o Titu Cusi Yupanqui - History of How the Spaniard s Arrived in Peru, Dual-Language Edition (2006).jpg

All History - Diego De Castro Titu Cusi Yupangui, Diego De Castro T...Spaniards Arrived in Peru, Dual-Language Edition 2006.jpg

Catherine Julien's new translation of Titu Cusi Yupanqui's Relasion de como los Espanoles Entraron en el Peru - an account of the Spanish conquest of Peru by the last indigenous ruler of the Inca empire - features student-oriented annotation, facing-page Spanish, and an Introduction that sets this remarkably rich source in its cultural, historical, and literary contexts.

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Diego De Castro Titu Cusi Yupangui, Diego De Castr o Titu Cusi Yupanqui - History of How the Spaniard s Arrived in Peru, Dual-Language Edition (2006).pdf

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David A. Poirier, Kenneth L. Feder - Dangerous Pla ces, Health, Safety, and Archaeology (2000).jpg

Archaeological sites often seem to be idyllic, even romantic, places where scientists recover and analyze fascinating data that can inform us of past times and the past lives of our recent historical and ancient prehistoric human forebears. Too often, however, unrecognized dangers lie within: bacterial and viral infections hidden in the soil, concealed in the animals that roam through our sites, or even lying in wait in organic remains we excavate; toxic substances produced by the historical technologies we study and that continue to poison the sites where people once worked; the bodies of people who died of historical scourges that once afflicted humanity and whose excavated mortal remains may still harbor the pathogens that killed them, dormant and lying in wait for an unsuspecting and largely no-longer immune modern population. It's enough to make an archaeologist swear off fieldwork! The truth is, however, that archaeologists need to be alerted to the dangers present in fieldwork and advised of the reasonable precautions that should be taken to insure the safest possible working environment. Dangerous Places brings together an enormous body of information regarding the threats that archaeologists face every day, and the best ways of behaving proactively to avoid or mitigate these threats.

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David A. Poirier, Kenneth L. Feder - Dangerous Pla ces, Health, Safety, and Archaeology (2000).pdf

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