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3,7 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Boris Chertok - Rockets and People (1999).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

Boris Chertok - Rockets and People, Volume II, Cre ating a Rocket Industry (2006).jpg

The NASA History Division is pleased to announce the availability of a landmark new book, "Rockets and People" by Boris Chertok. This memoir by a towering figure in Soviet/Russian space history was originally published in Russian and has now been specially translated and edited for publication in the NASA History Series. This book is the second of four volumes of Chertok's insightful reminiscences on his 60-year career in aviation and space.

Much has been written in the West on the history of the Soviet space program, but few Westerners have read direct first-hand accounts of the men and women who were behind the many Russian accomplishments in exploring space. The memoir of academician Boris Chertok, translated from the original Russian, fills that gap.

Chertok began his career as an electrician in 1930 at an aviation factory near Moscow. Thirty years later, he was deputy to the founding figure of the Soviet space program, the mysterious "Chief Designer" Sergey Korolev. Chertok's 60-year-long career and the many successes and failures of the Soviet space program constitute the core of his memoirs, Rockets and People. In these writings, spread over four volumes (volumes two through four are forthcoming), academician Chertok not only describes and remembers, but also elicits and extracts profound insights from an epic story about a society's quest to explore the cosmos.

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3,6 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Boris Chertok - Rockets and People, Volume II, Cre ating a Rocket Industry (2006).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

Boris Chertok - Rockets and People, Volume III, Ho t days of the cold war, III (2009).jpg

This, the third volume of Boris Chertok’s four-volume memoirs, continues the narrative arc which he began in the first volume. If the first volume covered his apprenticeship as an engineer and the second, the birth of the Soviet postwar missile program, in the third volume, we finally have what might be called the full bloom of the Soviet space program. Here, Chertok describes his impressions of the apex of Soviet achievements in space exploration, from the halcyon days of the launch of Yuri Gagarin into orbit in 1961 to the first piloted Soyuz mission in 1967.
Chertok devotes a significant portion of the volume to the early years of Soviet human spaceflight. These include a chapter on the Vostok and Voskhod programs, which left an indelible mark on early years of the “space race,” a lengthy meditation on the origins and early missions of the Soyuz program, and a gripping account of one of the most tragic episodes of the Soviet space program: the flight and death of cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov during the very first piloted Soyuz flight in 1967. Additional chapters cover robotic programs such as the Molniya communications satellite system, the Zenit spy satellite program, and the Luna series of probes that culminated in the world’s first survivable landing of a probe on the surface of the Moon. Chertok also devotes several chapters to the development of early generations

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53,7 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Boris Chertok - Rockets and People, Volume III, Ho t days of the cold war, III (2009).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

Historyczne Bitwy 130 - Robert Kłosowicz - Inczhon -Seul 1950 (2005).jpg

Książka przybliżająca najciekawszą operację desantową przeprowadzoną od czasu zakończenia II wojny światowej, jaką bez wątpienia było lądowanie sił ONZ pod Inczhon. Spektakularny sukces sprzymierzonych wydatnie umocnił pozycję dowodzącego akcją gen. MacArthura, który za życia przeszedł do historii jako jeden z najwybitniejszych strategów armii amerykańskiej. Stał się także nieodłącznym elementem jego legendy. 25 czerwca 1950 r. wojska Korei Północnej działające w imię zjednoczenia państwa przekroczyły linię demarkacyjną biegnącą wzdłuż 38 równoleżnika. Całkowicie zaskoczona, mniejsza liczebnie i pozbawiona wojsk pancernych armia Korei Południowej nie była w stanie przeciwstawić się agresorowi. Prezydent Li Syngman zaapelował o pomoc do Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Rada Bezpieczeństwa ONZ przegłosowała wniosek o udzielenie Korei Południowej pomocy wojskowej.

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27 lip 12 13:38

Osprey - Campaign 29 - Gordon L Rottman - Inch'on 1950, The last great amphibious assault (2006).jpg

Inch'on was probably the most significant campaign in the Korean theater, as well as being the last major amphibious assault of division-size conducted in the history of warfare. The odds were stacked against the US troops, with virtually no time for training and many of the divisions unprepared for the conflict. The success of the Inch'on campaign is a testament to the sheer initiative of the officers and NCOs conducted it. This book details the strategy and tactics that led to the operation's success, as well as narrating the experience of the battle in fascinating detail.

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27 lip 12 13:38

Anna Grzymala-Busse - Rebuilding Leviathan, Party Competition and State Exploitation in Post-Commun ist Democracies (2007).jpg

communism - Anna Grzymala-Busse - Rebuilding Leviathan, Party Com...State Exploitation in Post-Communist Democracies 2007.jpg

Why do some governing parties limit their opportunistic behavior and constrain the extraction of private gains from the state? This analysis of post-communist state reconstruction provides surprising answers to this fundamental question of party politics. Across the post-communist democracies, governing parties have opportunistically reconstructed the state - simultaneously exploiting it by extracting state resources and building new institutions that further such extraction. They enfeebled or delayed formal state institutions of monitoring and oversight, established new discretionary structures of state administration, and extracted enormous informal profits from the privatization of the communist economy. By examining how post-communist political parties rebuilt the state in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia, Grzymala-Busse explains how even opportunistic political parties will limit their corrupt behavior and abuse of state resources when faced with strong political competition.

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27 lip 12 13:38

Bertell Ollman - Dance of the Dialectic, Steps in Marx's Method (2003).jpg

Bertell Ollman has been hailed as "this country's leading authority on dialectics and Marx's method" by Paul Sweezy, the editor of Monthly Review and dean of America's Marx scholars. In this book Ollman offers a thorough analysis of Marx's use of dialectical method. Marx made extremely creative use of dialectical method to analyze the origins, operation, and direction of capitalism. Unfortunately, his promised book on method was never written, so that readers wishing to understand and evaluate Marx's theories, or to revise or use them, have had to proceed without a clear grasp of the dialectic in which the theories are framed. The result has been more disagreement over "what Marx really meant" than over the writings of any other major thinker.
In putting Marx's philosophy of internal relations and his use of the process of abstraction--two little-studied aspects of dialectics--at the center of this account, Ollman provides a version of Marx's method that is at once systematic, scholarly, clear and eminently useful.
Ollman not only sheds important new light on what Marx really meant in his varied theoretical pronouncements, but in carefully laying out the steps in Marx's method makes it possible for a reader to put the dialectic to work in his or her own research. He also convincingly argues the case for why social scientists and humanists as well as philosophers should want to do so.

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12,1 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Bertell Ollman - Dance of the Dialectic, Steps in Marx's Method (2003).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

Peter J Schmelz - Such Freedom, If Only Musical, U nofficial Soviet Music During the Thaw (2009).jpg

Following Stalin's death in 1953, during the period now known as the Thaw, Nikita Khrushchev opened up greater freedoms in cultural and intellectual life. A broad group of intellectuals and artists in Soviet Russia were able to take advantage of this, and in no realm of the arts was this perhaps more true than in music. Students at Soviet conservatories were at last able to use various channels--many of questionable legality--to acquire and hear music that had previously been forbidden, and visiting performers and composers brought young Soviets new sounds and new compositions. In the 1960s, composers such as Andrey Volkonsky, Edison Denisov, Alfred Schnittke, Arvo Part, Sofia Gubaidulina, and Valentin Silvestrov experimented with a wide variety of then new and unfamiliar techniques ranging from serialism to aleatory devices, and audiences eager to escape the music of predictable sameness typical to socialist realism were attracted to performances of their new and unfamiliar creations.
This "unofficial" music by young Soviet composers inhabited the gray space between legal and illegal. Such Freedom, If Only Musical traces the changing compositional styles and politically charged reception of this music, and brings to life the paradoxical freedoms and sense of resistance or opposition that it suggested to Soviet listeners. Author Peter J. Schmelz draws upon interviews conducted with many of the most important composers and performers of the musical Thaw, and supplements this first-hand testimony with careful archival research and detailed musical analyses. The first book to explore this period in detail, Such Freedom, If Only Musical will appeal to musicologists and theorists interested in post-war arts movements, the Cold War, and Soviet music, as well as historians of Russian culture and society.

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12,3 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Peter J Schmelz - Such Freedom, If Only Musical, U nofficial Soviet Music During the Thaw (2009).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

Paul B. Stares, Joel S. Wit - Preparing for Sudden Change in North Korea (2009).jpg

It possesses nuclear weapons and missiles to deliver them, and despite some progress, it is by no means clear that the ongoing six-party talks will be able to reveal the full extent of the country s nuclear activities, much less persuade Pyongyang to give them up.
The United States maintains tens of thousands of forces on the Korean peninsula in support of its commitments to the Republic of Korea (South Korea), a country with which the North is still technically at war. And the peninsula sits in a strategically vital region, where the United States, China, Russia, Japan, and South Korea all have important interests at stake.
All of this puts a premium on close attention to and knowledge of developments in North Korea. Unfortunately, Kim Jong-Il s government is perhaps the world s most difficult to read or even see. This Council Special Report, commissioned by CFR s Center for Preventive Action and authored by Paul B. Stares and Joel S. Wit, focuses on how to manage one of the central unknowns: the prospect of a change in North Korea s leadership. The report examines three scenarios: managed succession, in which the top post transitions smoothly; contested succession, in which government officials or factions fight for power after Kim s demise; and failed succession, in which a new government cannot cement its legitimacy, possibly leading to North Korea s collapse. The authors consider the challenges that these scenarios would pose ranging from securing Pyongyang s nuclear arsenal to providing humanitarian assistance and analyze the interests of the United States and others. They then provide recommendations for U.S. policy. In particular, they urge Washington to bolster its contingency planning and capabilities in cooperation with South Korea, Japan, and others, and to build a dialogue with China that could address each side s concerns.
With Kim Jong-Il s health uncertain and with a new president in the United States, this report could not be more timely. And with all the issues at stake on the Korean peninsula, the subject could not be more important. Preparing for Sudden Change in North Korea is a thoughtful work that provides valuable insights for managing a scenario sure to arise in the coming months or years.

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5,7 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Paul B. Stares, Joel S. Wit - Preparing for Sudden Change in North Korea (2009).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

Anna Szemere - Up from the Underground, The Cultur e of Rock Music in Postsocialist Hungary (2001).jpg

What happens to a community of oppositional artists when the purpose and meaning of their opposition are undermined by social transformation? Such was the dilemma facing many underground artists in Eastern Europe following the collapse of state socialism. In "Up From the Underground", Anna Szemere looks at the rock-music-based underground in Hungary, showing how it anticipated, precipitated and responded to a period of fundamental change. Szemere's work focuses on a community of rock musicians that became popular with Hungary's urban youth culture in the early 1980s - groups with names such as the Committee, Control Group and the Galloping Coroners. Szemere reveals that activities, discourse and group life of musicians against the background of shifting institutional contexts. By the mid-1990s the change of regime had altered the cultural dynamics of Hungarian society, leading to a complete realignment of the underground music world. Szemere uses the opportunity presented by these developments to challenge one-dimensional representations of popular culture and transition in the region. She also addresses more general questions about the nature and uses of expressive culture, autonomy, social change and social reproduction. "Up From the Underground" is an important addition to the scholarship on the cultural dimension of the most profound societal change in Europe since World War II. It also enriches the increasingly global field of cultural sociology and cultural studies by rethinking its central assumptions and theories in the light of Eastern Europe's unique historical and social experience.

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5,7 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Anna Szemere - Up from the Underground, The Cultur e of Rock Music in Postsocialist Hungary (2001).pdf

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269 KB
27 lip 12 13:38

Sarah Davies, James Harris - Stalin, A New History (2006).jpg

The recent declassification of a substantial portion of Stalin's archive has made possible this fundamental new assessment of the controversial Soviet leader. Leading international experts accordingly challenge many assumptions about Stalin from his early life in Georgia to the Cold War years--with contributions ranging across the political, economic, social, cultural, ideological and international history of the Stalin era. The volume provides a more profound understanding of Stalin's power and one of the most important leaders of the twentieth century.

Review
"Editors Sarah Davies and James Harris have done students of twentieth-century Russian history a real service by compiling these essays."
-Robert Himmer, The Russian Review

"With this outstanding collection, Davies and Harris not only present a more compelling and comprehensive individual but greatly advance our understanding the Soviet state under Stalin."
Golfo Alexopoulos, American Historical Review

"the book will be of interest and value for students of Russian history." -The NYMAS Review

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27 lip 12 13:38

Anthony Heywood - Modernising Lenin's Russia, Econ omic Reconstruction, Foreign Trade and the Railway s (1999).jpg

communism - Anthony Heywood - Modernising Lenins Russia, Economic ...ic Reconstruction, Foreign Trade and the Railways 1999.jpg

In this book Anthony Heywood reassesses Bolshevik attitudes toward economic modernization and foreign economic relations during the early Soviet period. Based on hitherto unused Russian and Western archives, the book examines an extraordinary decision made in March 1920 to import vast quantities of railway equipment in order to achieve rapid economic modernization. This is the first detailed case study of the government's import policy, and provides readers with a new perspective on Soviet economic development, revealing the scale of Bolshevik business dealings with the capitalist West immediately after the Revolution.

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1,9 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Anthony Heywood - Modernising Lenin's Russia, Econ omic Reconstruction, Foreign Trade and the Railway s (1999).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

A. Kotov, M. Yudovich - Soviet School of Chess (19 61).jpg

For four decades - barring the brief intervention of Bobby Fischer - the Soviet Union dominated world chess and Russian grandmasters continue to lead the world even after the demise of the country they once represented. Written at the apex of Soviet success.

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4,4 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

A. Kotov, M. Yudovich - Soviet School of Chess (19 61).djvu

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27 lip 12 13:38

Dina Zisserman-Brodsky - Constructing Ethnopolitic s in the Soviet Union (2003).jpg

Dissident ethnic networks were a crucial independent institution in the Soviet Union. Voicing the discontent and resentment of the periphery at the policies of the center or metropole, the dissident writings, known as samizdat highlighted anger at deprivations imposed in the political, cultural, social, and economic spheres. Ethnic dissident writings drew on values both internal to the Soviet system and international as sources of legitimation; they met a divided reaction among Russians, with some privileging the unity of the Soviet Union and others sympathetic to the rhetoric of national rights. This focus on national, rather than individual rights, along with the appropriation of ethnonationalism by political elites, helps explain developments since the fall of the Soviet Union, including the prevalence of authoritarian governments in newly independent states of the former Soviet Union.

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4,7 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Dina Zisserman-Brodsky - Constructing Ethnopolitic s in the Soviet Union (2003).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

Richard M. Mills - As Moscow Sees Us, American Pol itics and Society in the Soviet Mindset (1990).jpg

This work explores how Soviet analysts interpret American domestic politics and social movements by examining their answers to such questions as: "Who rules America?" "How do these rulers stay in power?" and "How do the major classes interact in the American social and political arenas?" Mills demonstrates that, despite growing Soviet understanding of the American political system and their increasing interpretive emphasis on elites rather than classes, Soviet analysis continues to be constrained by an intricate "mindset" that resists modification. An intimate look at Soviet political thinking, this study also considers recent changes, and the prospects for the evolution of a more refined framework under perestroika.

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17,2 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Richard M. Mills - As Moscow Sees Us, American Pol itics and Society in the Soviet Mindset (1990).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

The Great Hispanic Heritage - Dennis Abrams - Erne sto ''Che'' Guevara (2010).jpg

Immortalized in fashion, film, and music, Ernesto "Che" Guevara was a trained doctor, writer, military leader, and revolutionary—more than just a man emblazoned on a T-shirt. When he was a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout South America, where he witnessed people living in terrible poverty. After, Guevara became a radical activist, one in favor of world revolution as a way to achieve economic equality. These views led him to Fidel Castro, then a Cuban revolutionary, and the two worked with others to overthrow the U.S.-backed Cuban government under Fulgencio Batista. After this successful insurrection, Guevara went on to incite further revolutions in other countries, an occupation that would result in his death. This new biography, filled with detailed photographs and handy reference features, offers an insightful narrative tale of a man who acted upon his beliefs.

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3,8 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

The Great Hispanic Heritage - Dennis Abrams - Erne sto ''Che'' Guevara (2010).pdf

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27 lip 12 13:38

Paul R. Gregory - The Political Economy of Stalini sm, Evidence from the Soviet Secret Archives (2003 ).jpg

Using formerly secret Soviet state and Communist Party archives to describe the Soviet administrative command system, this study concludes that the system failed not because of Stalin and later leaders, but because of the economic system. It pinpoints the reasons for failure such as poor planning, unreliable supplies, preferential treatment of indigenous enterprises as well as the basic principal-agent conflict between planners and producers, which created a sixty-year reform stalemate. Although the command system was the most significant human experiment of the twentieth century, its basic contradictions and inherent flaws would re-surface if it were to be repeated.

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1,2 MB
27 lip 12 13:38

Paul R. Gregory - The Political Economy of Stalini sm, Evidence from the Soviet Secret Archives (2003 ) [PDF].rar

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27 lip 12 13:38

Louis Althusser - Lenin and Philosophy and Other E ssays (1971).jpg

Lenin and Philosophy contains Althusser's essay on Lenin's study of Hegel; a major essay on the state, "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," "Freud and Lacan: A letter on Art in Reply to André Daspre," and "Cremonini, Painter of the Abstract." The book opens with a 1968 interview in which Althusser discusses his personal, political, and intellectual history.

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maks88 napisano 1.07.2012 19:07

ŻYCZENIA NA CAŁY TYDZIEŃ ♥ w poniedziałek blask słońca,.....by świeciło Ci bez końca. Na wtorek daję Ci myśli,...byś wiedział, co Ci się przyśni. Środa niech będzie.....pełna marzeń. Żebyś miał..... w tym dniu pełno wrażeń. Zaś czwartek niech będzie spokojny,.....bez kłótni,zwady i wojny. Piątek jest drogą miłosną,....bo w sercu jest zawsze wiosna. sobotę pomyśl sobie rano:....od jutra znowu to samo! ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ *•.¸(*•POZDRAWIAM¸♥¸.•*´) .•*´*•.¸(*•SERDECZNIE.¸♥¸.•*´) *•.¸(*•.¸♥¸.•*´) obrazek