The scope of the encyclopedia is extensive. It contains 920 alphabetically arranged articles, beginning with Abortionand ending with Zyklon B.Entries range in length from approximately one to seven pages. Articles are signed and include cross-references. A bibliography concludes each entry. Contributors are primarily academics from Europe and North America. As demonstrated by the "Systematic Outline of Contents," found in volume 5, entries fall under 15 broad categories, including "Concepts and Ideas," "Law, Justice, and Crime," "Philosophy and Intellectual Life," and "Places." A significant portion of the encyclopedia is dedicated to topics related to war and international relations (Cold war, European Union, World War I, World War II); political history (Russian Revolution of 1917); and economic history (Capitalism). The work also contains biographies of major historical figures primarily in the areas of art and culture (Orwell, George) and political history (Gorbachev, Mikhail).

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Joan P. Alcock - Food in the Ancient World (2005).jpg

The ways of life of four great ancient civilizations-- Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Celtic--are illuminated here through their foodways. As these cultures moved toward settled agriculture, a time of experimentation and learning began. Cities emerged, and with them consumer societies that needed to be supplied. Food Culture in the Ancient World draws on writings of classical authors such as Petronius, Galen, and Cato, as well as on archeological findings to present intimate insight into ancient peoples. This volume will be indispensable as it complements classical history, cultural, and literature studies at the high school and college levels and will also inform the general reader. The book begins with an overview of the civilizations and their agricultural practices and trade. A full discussion of available foodstuffs describes the discovery, emergence, usage, and appraisals of a host of ingredients. A subsequent chapter covers food by civilization. Chapters on food preparation, the food professions, and eating habits pre a fascinating look at the social structure, with slaves and women preparing and serving food. Accounts of the gatherings of slaves and freedmen in taverns, inns, and bars and the notorious banquet, symposium, feast, and convivium of the elite are particularly intriguing and crucial to understanding male society. Other aspects of ancient life brought to life for the reader include food for soldiers, food in religious and funerary practices, and concepts of diet and nutrition. Many Classical recipes are interspersed with the text, along with illustrations.

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Joan P. Alcock - Food in the Ancient World (2005).pdf

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Solomon H. Katz - Encyclopedia of Food and Culture , Volume 3 (2002).jpg

The Encyclopedia of Food and Culture is all about food: a single authoritative source about the most essential element of daily life. Here you will find articles by food historians, anthropologists, chefs and bakers, nutritionists and dieticians, farmers, agronomists and horticulturists, food stylists, and specialists in the culinary arts. In developing the encyclopedia, the editors took special care to make the content interesting and the organization useful for those who want to learn about a particular topic, to make the text enjoyable for those who simply want to explore the wide and wonderful world of food, and to provide sufficient authority and depth for researchers. If this Encyclopedia does not tell you everything you need to know about food, it will show you where to find it.

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Benjamin Wallace - The Billionaire's Vinegar, The Mystery of the World's Most Expensive Bottle of Wi ne (2008).jpg

Historia2 - Benjamin Wallace - The Billionaires Vinegar, The Myste...stery of the Worlds Most Expensive Bottle of Wine 2008.jpg

It was the most expensive bottle of wine ever sold.

In 1985, at a heated auction by Christie’s of London, a 1787 bottle of Château Lafite Bordeaux—one of a cache of bottles unearthed in a bricked-up Paris cellar and supposedly owned by Thomas Jefferson—went for $156,000 to a member of the Forbes family. The discoverer of the bottle was pop-band manager turned wine collector Hardy Rodenstock, who had a knack for finding extremely old and exquisite wines. But rumors about the bottle soon arose. Why wouldn’t Rodenstock reveal the exact location where it had been found? Was it part of a smuggled Nazi hoard? Or did his reticence conceal an even darker secret?

It would take more than two decades for those questions to be answered and involve a gallery of intriguing players—among them Michael Broadbent, the bicycle-riding British auctioneer who speaks of wines as if they are women and staked his reputation on the record-setting sale; Serena Sutcliffe, Broadbent’s elegant archrival, whose palate is covered by a hefty insurance policy; and Bill Koch, the extravagant Florida tycoon bent on exposing the truth about Rodenstock.

Pursuing the story from Monticello to London to Zurich to Munich and beyond, Benjamin Wallace also offers a mesmerizing history of wine, complete with vivid accounts of subterranean European laboratories where old vintages are dated and of Jefferson’s colorful, wine-soaked days in France, where he literally drank up the culture.

Suspenseful, witty, and thrillingly strange, The Billionaire’s Vinegar is the vintage tale of what could be the most elaborate con since the Hitler diaries. It is also the debut of an exceptionally powerful new voice in narrative non-fiction.

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Kenneth Bendiner - Food in Painting, From the Rena issance to the Present (2004).jpg

In this sumptuous exploration of food images in European and American painting from the early Renaissance to the present, Kenneth Bendiner sees food painting as a separate classification of art with its own history. He reconsiders famous works by the likes of Brueghel, Rembrandt, Chardin, Manet and Warhol, and intriguing paintings by lesser-known artists, such as Adriaen Coorte and Peter Blume. The book underlines the central importance of 16th-century innovations in food subjects, and the great influence of 17th-century Dutch food paintings in the development of food imagery.

Kenneth Bendiner shows how myth, religion, medical theories and traditional social privileges can determine the meaning of food imagery. He covers aphrodisiacs, bottled water, menus, antisocial eating scenes, dogs in the dining room and many other visual representations relating to food. He also deals with images of food that are purely symbolic, the sexual references of surrealist food art and food as a marginal element in allegories. He illustrates the optimistic, human-centered, Renaissance spirit of food, and the way abundance, success and fulfillment pervade this art.

Drawing together two pleasurable and engrossing subjects-eating and handsome paintings-Bendiner offers up a tempting and irresistible feast of facts and images. Those who want to learn about the history of food, as recorded in images, will find the book rewarding. And those who wonder what Brueghel's peasants are eating or why Chardin decorated a brioche with an orange blossom will find their understanding of art history enriched.

Kenneth Bendiner is professor of art history at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and is the author of An Introduction to Victorian Painting (1985) and The Art of Ford Madox Brown (1998).

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Kenneth Bendiner - Food in Painting, From the Rena issance to the Present (2004).pdf

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Carol Andrews - Amulets Of Ancient Egypt (1994).jpg

Amulets are ornaments believed to endow the wearer by magical means with the properties they represent. They were first made in Egypt as early as 4000 BC and were essential adornments for both the living and the dead. Crafted from gold and silver, semiprecious stones, and less valuable materials, they are fine examples of Egyptian art as well as a vital source of evidence for religious beliefs. In this book, Carol Andrews offers the first comprehensive account of the types of amulets made, their symbolism, and their protective powers. An amuletic foot could be worn to ensure fleetness of foot, a hand for dexterity. The desert-dwelling hare symbolized keenness of the senses, and the hedgehog, which hibernated and survived outside the fertile valley, held connotations of rebirth and triumph over death itself. The ubiquitous amulet in the shape of the dung beetle, known as a scarab, was symbolic of new life. Amulets in the image of powerful gods would be worn for protection, and malevolent creatures, like the male hippopotamus, would be worn to ward off the evil they represented. Both a reference book and an informative account of Egyptian magical belief, this is the most complete survey of the subject to date.

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Carol Andrews - Amulets Of Ancient Egypt (1994).pdf

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Dover Clip Art - Ancient Egyptian Designs and Moti fs (2006).jpg

Gods and Pharoahs, priests and ordinary folk, plants, animals and other elements of ancient Egyptian life appear in images derived from state occasions, battles, funerary customs and domestic scenes. Reproduced from murals, pottery, jewelery and other sources, this collection features 371 black and white illustrations, plus four pages of color designs. Dover "Electronic Design" series includes: permission-free illustrations and designs for art, craft, business and educational use; hundreds of designs scanned at 600 dpi and saved in the most popular formats; and it can be used for "Mac" and "Windows". Each set contains CD-ROM and book with every image on the CD printed large for easy reference or direct use.

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Dover Clip Art - Ancient Egyptian Designs and Moti fs (2006).pdf

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Luis E. Carranza, Jorge Francisco Liernur - Archit ecture as Revolution, Episodes in the History of M odern Mexico (2010).jpg

Historia2 - Luis E. Carranza, Jorge Francisco Liernur - Architectu...olution, Episodes in the History of Modern Mexico 2010.jpg

The period following the Mexican Revolution was characterized by unprecedented artistic experimentation. Seeking to express the revolution's heterogeneous social and political aims, which were in a continuous state of redefinition, architects, artists, writers, and intellectuals created distinctive, sometimes idiosyncratic theories and works.

Luis E. Carranza examines the interdependence of modern architecture in Mexico and the pressing sociopolitical and ideological issues of this period, as well as the interchanges between post-revolutionary architects and the literary, philosophical, and artistic avant-gardes. Organizing his book around chronological case studies that show how architectural theory and production reflected various understandings of the revolution's significance, Carranza focuses on architecture and its relationship to the philosophical and pedagogic requirements of the muralist movement, the development of the avant-garde in Mexico and its notions of the Mexican city, the use of pre-Hispanic architectural forms to address indigenous peoples, the development of a socially oriented architectural functionalism, and the monumentalization of the revolution itself. In addition, the book also covers important architects and artists who have been marginally discussed within architectural and art historiography.

Richly illustrated, Architecture as Revolution is one of the first books in English to present a social and cultural history of early twentieth-century Mexican architecture.

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Luis E. Carranza, Jorge Francisco Liernur - Archit ecture as Revolution, Episodes in the History of M odern Mexico (2010).pdf

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Bashford Dean - Handbook Of Arms And Armor Europea n And Oriental Including The William H. Riggs Coll ection (1915).jpg

Historia2 - Bashford Dean - Handbook Of Arms And Armor European An...riental Including The William H. Riggs Collection 1915.jpg

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Bashford Dean - Handbook Of Arms And Armor Europea n And Oriental Including The William H. Riggs Coll ection (1915).pdf

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Roger French - Ancient natural history (1994).jpg

"Ancient Natural History" surveys the ways in which people in the ancient world thought about nature, particularly animals and plants. It looks at those people whose wider views are known, so that we can see their natural history in context. As a large number of readers are aware of the importance of Greek "science" in later periods of European history, this book is designed to show how such doctrines arose in ancient society.
Ancient natural history was the gathering and presentation of "historiae," items worthy of note by the philosopher, popularizer or marvel-monger. These "histories" were natural because they were part of the physical world. The book examines the relationship between the physical world, the gods, Greek philosophy and the purposes of those who expressed such different notions about "nature." Attention is given to Aristotle's animals and Theophrastus's plants.
"Histories" worthy of note most often came from distant places, and Strabo's geography is taken as illustrative of the principles of the book. Pliny's "Natural History" is examined in some detail. A major theme of the book is how natural history was treated differently by different societies: the Greeks, the Romans, Jews and Christians.

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Roger French - Ancient natural history (1994).pdf

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David Irving - Churchill's War Vol. 1, The Struggl e for Power (2003).jpg

David Irving presents a wealth of hitherto suppressed information that shows a shockingly unfamilar potrait of the great statesman, Churchill. Readers will discover a power-hungry leader who prolonged the war to advance his own career. This is a fascinating, exhaustive investigation of Churchill's intrigues and deceptions before and during WWII. This is a savage debunking of Churchill by the world's most popular revisionist historian and author.

About the Author
A professional historian of noted distinction, David Irving has researched and written about World War II with passionate insight for many years. His first book, "The Destruction of Dresden," was just one of several startling international bestsellers, which include "Hitler's War" and "Goebbels, Mastermind of the Third Reich."
Product Details

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David Irving - Churchill's War Vol. 2, Triumph in Adversity (2001).jpg

Using diaries and official and unofficial records never published before, this second volume of 'Churchill's War' takes a close-quarters look at the middle years of the Second World War. Volume I chronicled a chain of disasters through the fall of France to the debacle in Greece; this second volume chronicles great naval victories, El Alamein and the landings in North Africa.

The book contract was signed with a London publisher in 1972. Volume I (publ. 1987) attracted critical acclaim, sold 20,000 copies, and was widely translated. Major publishers in the UK and USA issued editions. Volume II appears 14 years later after an uneasy birth. During the 30 years of its writing the world has turned; the halls of historical research now tremble to the tread of political correctness. This work's author finds himself no longer the celebrated subject of reviewers. Major publishers who still aspire to print his works come under assault from international bodies. In July 1992 - even as he was returning from the KGB archives in Moscow with the secret Goebbels Diaries - the directors of Macmillan Ltd. were being forced to the secret decision to burn all stocks of his remaining works.

This work benefits however from the release of thousands of secret files. At the author's request both the John Major and Tony Blair governments opened files previously sealed: thus we know more about Anthony Eden's role in the murder of Admiral Darlan.

The human side of Winston Churchill reaches boldly out of these pages - lively, incorrigible, and sometimes callous; hectoring his ministers, but meek and subservient to Moscow and Washington. The picture of him that emerges in Real History is sometimes unpalatable - willingly fomenting and prolonging the war against Hitler, not in pursuit of any fundamental British interest but to acquire, consolidate, and enjoy power and its fruits after years spent in the political wilderness and relative poverty; he appears undismayed by the ruin of the British empire. In two appendices Mr. Irving reveals that Roosevelt and Churchill maintained top secret communications channels to exchange messages that are still not released to the public. Hardbound, 40 pages of black and white and color plates, 1072 pages.

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Paul Hohenberg, Lynn Lees - The Making of Urban Eu rope, 1000-1994 (1995).jpg

Europe became a land of cities during the last millennium. The story told in this book begins with North Sea and Mediterranean traders sailing away from Dorestad and Amalfi, and with warrior kings building castles to fortify their conquests. It tells of the dynamism of textile towns in Flanders and Ireland. While London and Hamburg flourished by reaching out to the world and once vibrant Spanish cities slid into somnlence, a Russian urban network slowly grew to rival that of the West. Later as the tide of industrialization swept over Europe, the most intense urban striving and then settled back into the merchant cities and baroque capitals of an earlier era.
By tracing the large-scale precesses of social, economic, and political change within cities, as well as the evolving relationships between town and country and between city and city, the authors present an original synthsis of European urbanization within a global context. They divide their study into three time periods, making the early modern era much more than a mere transition from preindustrial to industrial economies. Through both general analyzes and incisive case studies, Hohenberg and Lees show how cities originated and what conditioned their early development and later growth. How did urban activity respond to demographic and techological changes? Did the social consequences of urban life begin degradation or inspire integration and cultural renewal? New analytical tools suggested by a systems view of urban relations yield a vivid dual picture of cities both as elements in a regional and national heirarchy of central places and also as junctions in a transnational network for the exchange of goods, information, and influence.
A lucid text is supplemented by numerous maps, illustrations, figures, and tables, and by substantial bibliography. Both a general and a scholarly audience will find this book engrossing reading.

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Paul Hohenberg, Lynn Lees - The Making of Urban Eu rope, 1000-1994 (1995).pdf

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Bashford Dean - Helmets and Body Armor in Modern W arfare (1920).jpg

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Bashford Dean - Helmets and Body Armor in Modern W arfare (1920).pdf

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Jeffrey Szuchman - Nomads, Tribes, and the State i n the Ancient Near East (2009).jpg

For decades, scholars have struggled to understand the complex relationship between pastoral nomadic tribes and sedentary peoples of the Near East. The Oriental Institute's fourth annual post-doc seminar (March 7-8, 2008), Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East, brought together archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to discuss new approaches to enduring questions in the study of nomadic peoples, tribes, and states of the past: What social or political bonds link tribes and states? Could nomadic tribes exhibit elements of urbanism or social hierarchies? How can the tools of historical, archaeological, and ethnographic research be integrated to build a dynamic picture of the social landscape of the Near East? This volume presents a range of data and theoretical perspectives from a variety of regions and periods, including prehistoric Iran, ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, seventh-century Arabia, and nineteenth-century Jordan.

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Jeffrey Szuchman - Nomads, Tribes, and the State i n the Ancient Near East (2009).pdf

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Margaret Schaus - Women and Gender in Medieval Eur ope, An Encyclopedia (2006).jpg

From women's medicine and the writings of Christine de Pizan to the lives of market and tradeswomen and the idealization of virginity, gender and social status dictated all aspects of women's lives during the middle ages.

A cross-disciplinary resource, Women and Gender in Medieval Europe examines the daily reality of medieval women from all walks of life in Europe between 450 CE and 1500 CE, i.e., from the fall of the Roman Empire to the discovery of the Americas. Moving beyond biographies of famous noble women of the middles ages, the scope of this important reference work is vast and provides a comprehensive understanding of medieval women's lives and experiences. Masculinity in the middle ages is also addressed to provide important context for understanding women's roles. Entries that range from 250 words to 4,500 words in length thoroughly explore topics in the following areas:

· · Art and Architecture
· Countries, Realms, and Regions
· Daily Life
· Documentary Sources
· Economics
· Education and Learning
· Gender and Sexuality
· Historiography
· Law
· Literature
· Medicine and Science
· Music and Dance
· Persons
· Philosophy
· Politics
· Political Figures
· Religion and Theology
· Religious Figures
· Social Organization and Status

Written by renowned international scholars, Women and Gender in Medieval Europe is the latest in the Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages. Easily accessible in an A-to-Z format, students, researchers, and scholars will find this outstanding reference work to be an invaluable resource on women in Medieval Europe.

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Michael Frassetto - Encyclopedia of Barbarian Euro pe, Society in Transformation (2003).jpg

In this encyclopedia, the phrase barbarian Europe is used in place of what was once designated the Dark Ages. Current research, reflected in abundance in this work, shows that the latter term was an erroneous euphemism--rather, the period of European history that roughly begins with the fall of the western Roman Empire and ends with the fall of the Carolingians should be seen as one of transition, when the seeds of the modern nation-state were sown.

In more than 200 entries, Frassetto, a medieval scholar, delves into the research that places barbarian Europe in this new context. From the standard references such as Charlemagne and the Battle of Poitiers to the less familiar (but no less important) Judith (mother of Charles the Bald) and Witenagemot (general council of the Anglo-Saxon kings), this work addresses the idea of transition in an informative, easy-to-read manner. There is a special focus on the roles played by women and on the social and cultural context of this period. For example, there are entries for Education and learning and Family.

The work opens with an essay on the historiography of the time period showing how current scholarship has encouraged the new perspective. This is followed by a historical overview of the years under consideration. A detailed chronology takes the reader from 305 C.E. (the retirement of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian) to 1,000 C.E. (the writing of Beowulf). Each entry is cross-referenced and has a list of further readings. A worthy bibliography also draws out some of the themes of the work.

This is an excellent addition to reference collections. Although some of the same topics are covered in reference sources on the Middle Ages, this is the only volume that focuses entirely on the barbarian period. It is recommended for public and academic libraries.

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Michael Frassetto - Encyclopedia of Barbarian Euro pe, Society in Transformation (2003).chm

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P. Crabtree - Medieval Archaeology, An Encyclopedi a (2000).jpg

This is the first reference work to cover the archaeology of medieval Europe. No other reference can claim such comprehensive coverage -- from Ireland to Russia and from Scandinavia to Italy, the archaeology of the entirety of medieval Europe is discussed.
With coverage ranging from the fall of the western Roman empire in the 5th century CE through the end of the high Middle Ages in 1500 CE, Medieval Archaeology: An Encyclopedia answers the needs of medieval scholars from a variety of backgrounds, including archaeologists, historians and classicists. Featuring over 150 entries by an international team of leading archaeologists, this unique reference is soundly based on the most important developments and scholarship in this rapidly growing field.
Entries include: boat-building * jewelry * Medieval London * Medieval Paris * Scotland in the Dark Ages * Trondheim, Norway * Bohemia: Early Medieval Villages * Dress Accessories * Early Slav Culture * Iron Age * Normandy: Castles and Fortified Residences * Scotland: Early Royal Sites * Shipbuilding * Trelleborg Fortress * Vikings * Visigoths * Wales: Medieval Settlement and many more.

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P. Crabtree - Medieval Archaeology, An Encyclopedi a (2000).pdf

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