This new edition of the definitive guide to Civil War battlefields is really a completely new book. While the first edition covered 60 major battlefields, from Fort Sumter to Appomattox, the second covers all of the 384 designated as the "principal battlefields" in the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report. As in the first edition, the essays are authoritative and concise, written by such leading historians as David McCullough, James M. McPherson, Stephen W. Sears, Edwin C. Bearss, James I. Robinson, Jr., and Gary W. Gallager. The second edition also features 83 new four-color maps covering the most important battles. The Civil War Battlefield Guide is an essential reference for anyone interested in the Civil War.

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Frances H. Kennedy - The Civil War Battlefield Gui de (1998).pdf

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John Marenbon - Early Medieval Philosophy 480-1150 , An Introduction (2002).jpg

"...an outstandingly sure, lucid and astute guide. His book is compact but singularly well thought out, rigorous in discussion but easily comprehensible." -- History

"Marenbon...gives us a lucid account...He not only concerns himself with philosophical aspects...but strives to achieve a contextually correct vision of the period, conscious that much of the material he's called upon is not strictly philosophical but also theological, logical and poetic in nature." -- Dialogo Filosofico

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John Marenbon - Early Medieval Philosophy 480-1150 , An Introduction (2002).pdf

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Matthew Landrus - Leonardo da Vinci's Giant Crossb ow (2010)(1).jpg

Although Leonardo’s Giant Crossbow is one of his most popular drawings, it has been one of the least understood. "Leonardo’s Giant Crossbow" offers the first in-depth account of this drawing’s likely purpose and its highly resolved design. This fascinating book has a wealth of technical information about the Giant Crossbow drawing, as it’s a complete study of this project, though this is as accessible to the general audience as much as it is also informative with new discoveries for the professors of engineering, technology and art. The book explores the context of Leonardo’s invention with an examination of the extensive documentary evidence, a short history of the great crossbow and ballista, the first accurate translation of the text and the technical specifications, and a detailed analysis of Leonardo’s design process for the crossbow, from start to finish. Dozens of preparatory drawings, along with the recent discovery of nearly invisible metal stylus preparatory incisions under the ink of the Giant Crossbow drawing, are evidence of Leonardo’s intent to offer engineers and other viewers a thorough design of the massive machine. The book proposes these new discoveries with the help of a strategy that had been at the core of Leonardo’s working philosophy: the proportional method. As proven with an analysis of the Giant Crossbow project, he used a consistent approach to 1/3rd proportions throughout the design and drawing process and employed this kind of proportional strategy at the start of almost every important project. Thanks to this proof of his knowledge of geometry, evidence of his studies of impetus and force, and thanks to the highly polished and complex nature of the Giant Crossbow design, a later date for the drawing is proposed in the present book, associating the drawing with his drafting capabilities around 1490-93.

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102,6 MB
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Matthew Landrus - Leonardo da Vinci's Giant Crossb ow (2010)(1).pdf

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Frances Yates - The Occult Philosophy in the Eliza bethan Age (2001).jpg

It is hard to overestimate the importance of the contribution made by Dame Frances Yates to the serious study of esotericism and the occult sciences. The Occult Philosophy of the Elizabethan Age was her last book, and in it she condensed many aspects of her wide learning to present a clear, penetrating, and, above all, accessible survey of the occult movements of the Renaissance, highlighting the work of John Dee, Giordano Bruno, and other key esoteric figures.

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Frances Yates - The Occult Philosophy in the Eliza bethan Age (2001).pdf

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Christopher R. Fee - Gods, Heroes, and Kings, The Battle for Mythic Britain (2001).jpg

Elegant contributions to the vast literature on mythology, these well-informed and thoroughly documented studies enhance our understanding of this elusive topic. Originally a series of lectures, Leeming's Myth is divided into four complementary essays covering myths and religious faith, creation stories, gender, and hero stories. The essays investigate the role of ancient beliefs in modern culture, clarifying the relationship between myth and fact and showing how myths evolve and endure in the works of noted authors (Yeats, Woolf), scientists (Einstein), environmentalists (Thomas Berry), and others. Attentive to the subjects' complexities, this book is nonetheless comprehensible to nonspecialists. In Gods, Heroes, and Kings, Leeming teams with Fee to delineate the complex patchwork of belief systems found in the British Isles. The authors, both academic authorities with many previous publications on the topic, offer a thoroughgoing and instructive overview of the isles's many folkloric traditions, including rites, legends, and beliefs drawn from Anglo-Saxon, Judeo-Christian, Germanic, and Celtic traditions.

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Christopher R. Fee - Gods, Heroes, and Kings, The Battle for Mythic Britain (2001).pdf

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Gregory Claeys - Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Centur y Thought (2005).jpg

Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Century Thought provides essential information on, and a critical interpretation of, nineteenth-century thought and nineteenth-century thinkers. The project takes as its temporal boundary the period 1789 to 1914. Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Century Thought primarily covers social and political thinking, but key entries also survey science, religion, law, art, concepts of modernity, the body and health, and so on, and thereby take into account all of the key developments in the intellectual history of the period. The encyclopedia is alphabetically organized, and consists of:

* principal entries, divided into ideas (4000 words) and persons (2500 words)
* subsidiary entries of 1000 words, which are entirely biographical
* informational entries of 500 words, which are also biographical.

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Gregory Claeys - Encyclopedia of Nineteenth Centur y Thought (2005).pdf

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Erick Langer, Robert H. Jackson - The New Latin Am erican Mission History (1995).jpg

The subject of missions—formal efforts at religious conversion of native peoples of the Americas by colonizing powers—is one that renders the modern student a bit uncomfortable. Where the mission enterprise was actuated by true belief it strikes the modern sensibility as fanaticism; where it sprang from territorial or economic motives it seems the rankest sort of hypocrisy. That both elements—greed and real faith—were usually present at the same time is bewildering.

In this book seven scholars attempt to create a “new” mission history that deals honestly with the actions and philosophic motivations of the missionaries, both as individuals and organizations and as agents of secular powers, and with the experiences and reactions of the indigenous peoples, including their strategies of accommodation, co-optation, and resistance.

The new mission historians examine cases from throughout the hemisphere—from the Andes to northern Mexico to California—in an effort to find patterns in the contact between the European missionaries and the various societies they encountered.

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Erick Langer, Robert H. Jackson - The New Latin Am erican Mission History (1995).pdf

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A. F. Pollard - Henryk VIII (1988).jpg

"Henryk VII to kontrowersyjny władca, który dokonał w Anglii ogromnego przewrotu, a choć równie bezwzględnie rozstawał się z własnymi żonami, co z niewygodnymi ministrami, do końca mógł liczyć na pomoc i poparcie poddanych swego królestwa. Otoczony ludźmi małej odwagi i lękliwego umysłu, Henryk VIII nie wahał się i nie uchylał od decyzji. Rządził w bezlitosnej epoce, bezlitosną ręką, krwawymi metodami przezwyciężał gwałtowne kryzysy i jego poczynania uwieńczyły sukces, który wszystko sankcjonuje. Henryk cenił bardziej korzyści niż zasady i stał się symbolem tryumfu piekielnych otchłani..."

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Fiona Beddell - History of Britain (2006).jpg

Britain is a small country but it has a long history. Two thousand years ago it was part of the Roman Empire. In the 1930s the British Empire was the biggest empire in world history.
In the past, kings and queens fought to rule Britain. Discover how wars, revolutions and religion have changed its history. Read about the different countries of the United Kingdom - and the great men and women who have shaped the British nation.

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Fiona Beddell - History of Britain (2006).pdf

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Harold E. Raugh, Jr.- The Victorians at War, 1815- 1914, An Encyclopedia of British Military History (2004).jpg

This volume using recent research offers a summary of the wars, campaigns, battles, and leaders of the British army in the British Imperial Century. The 350 entries, arranged A-Z with cross-references and bibliographic references, center on events, people, and places. The introduction describes the years of conflict, the makeup of the army, the imperialist drive, the use of the army to control the colonial empire, and the ideology for war.

Numerous maps illustrate the different theaters of war, but there are no photographs or drawings to depict persons. The volume concludes with several appendixes: a chronology, a list of British army commanders in chief, chiefs of general staff and chiefs of the imperial general staff, a list of Indian army commanders in chief; and a note on currency. A bibliography of selected articles and books and an index complete the volume.

Besides covering specific individuals, such as Field Marshall Kitchener, or conflicts, such as the Afghan wars, the volume includes a variety of peripheral topics, such as Military music; Photographers, war; and Women and the army. A series of entries on Military medicine, British army provides insight into nineteenth-century standards for hospitals, sanitation, and more. Series on Officers, British army and Officers, Indian army make it easy to compare such topics as pay, social background, training, and retirement.

This is a very easy-to-use and highly readable book. It could supplement history collections as well as strengthen the reference sections on the Victorian era and on the British Empire. It would be a good purchase for academic and large public library collections, satisfying both the informal researcher and the serious student.

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Harold E. Raugh, Jr.- The Victorians at War, 1815- 1914, An Encyclopedia of British Military History (2004).pdf

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Howard Williams - Death And Memory In Early Mediev al Britain (2006).jpg

How were the dead remembered in early medieval Britain? Originally published in 2006, this innovative study demonstrates how perceptions of the past and the dead, and hence social identities, were constructed through mortuary practices and commemoration between c. 400-1100 AD. Drawing on archaeological evidence from across Britain, including archaeological discoveries, Howard Williams presents a fresh interpretation of the significance of portable artefacts, the body, structures, monuments and landscapes in early medieval mortuary practices. He argues that materials and spaces were used in ritual performances that served as 'technologies of remembrance', practices that created shared 'social' memories intended to link past, present and future. Through the deployment of material culture, early medieval societies were therefore selectively remembering and forgetting their ancestors and their history. Throwing light on an important aspect of medieval society, this book is essential reading for archaeologists and historians with an interest in the early medieval period.

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Keith Robbins - History of the Christian Church, E ngland, Ireland, Scotland, Wales 1900-2000 (2008).jpg

Keith Robbins, building on his previous writing on the modern history of the interlocking but distinctive territories of the British Isles, takes a wide-ranging, innovative and challenging look at the twentieth-century history of the main bodies, at once national and universal, which have collectively constituted the Christian Church. The protracted search for elusive unity is emphasized. Particular beliefs, attitudes, policies and structures are located in their social and cultural contexts. Prominent individuals, clerical and lay, are scrutinized. Religion and politics intermingle, highlighting, for churches and states, fundamental questions of identity and allegiance, of public and private values, in a century of ideological conflict, violent confrontation (in Ireland), two world wars and protracted Cold War.

The massive change experienced by the countries and people of the Isles since 1900 has encompassed shifting relationships between England, Ireland (and Northern Ireland), Scotland and Wales, the end of the British Empire, the emergence of a new Europe and, latterly, major immigration of adherents of Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism and other faiths from outside Europe: developments scarcely conceivable at the outset. Such a broad contextual perspective provides an essential background to understanding the puzzling ambiguities evident both in secularization and enduring Christian faith. Robbins provides a cogent and compelling overview of this turbulent century for the churches of the Isles.

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Keith Robbins - History of the Christian Church, E ngland, Ireland, Scotland, Wales 1900-2000 (2008).pdf

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Richard Knötel - Napoleonic Uniforms Vol. 4 - Grea t-Britain.jpg

Historia2 - Richard Kntel - Napoleonic Uniforms Vol. 4 - Great-Britain.jpg

If you are a military historian with an interest in the history and evolution of the military uniform you should know about the UNIFORMENKUNDE.

Richard Knötel was the most famous and prominent of all the German military artists from the late 1800's until his death His hundreds if not thousands of illustrations have documented the uniforms of nearly every country in the world during and before his lifetime.

His most mounumental work is the UNIFORMENKUNDE which was available by subscription starting in 1890 until shortly after WWI. Each year he published 50 plates or more until a total of 1072 prints were produced. The plates were in no certain order and covered subjects that suited his fancy at the time. 90 different countries, principalities, dukedoms, and republics are represented from the 1600's until the early 20th Century. Many of the uniforms documented in this work are to be seen no where else.

The printing techniques of the time left a lot to be desired. Each print was done as a work of line art then hand colored by journeymen artists who had a master print to work by. Oftentimes details like belts, buttons, and lace were obscured by overpainting.

Today original Knötel prints sell for more than $30 to $50 each depending on the rarity and popularity of the subject. Because the originals were done before archival papers and inks were the standard those that can be found have usually been affected by the ravages of time and elements and are usually yellowed and spotted.

(In the late 1960's and again in the mid 1980's a reprint was done on a subscription basis in Germany. These prints were smaller than the originals and were done using the standard offset printing techniques of the time, the papers was darker than the original and the details were not well defined or corrected.

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Richard Knötel - Napoleonic Uniforms Vol. 4 - Grea t-Britain.pdf

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G. Maspero - Popular stories of ancient Egypt (191 5).jpg

Collecting popular stories from ancient Egypt is unlike collecting folktales from more modern societies. With the literary tales involved here, there are the basic problems of translating from hieroglyphics and of dealing with damaged and fragmentary manuscripts. Beyond that, however, are deeper issues of cultural differences and assumptions from storytellers about what audiences will understand. These stories from Gaston Maspero's classic volume, originally published in 1882, are accompanied by extensive footnotes that detail social expectations and patterns of behavior in ancient Egyptian society, making the texts comprehensible to modern readers. Between Maspero and edition editor Hasan El-Shamy (folklore, Indiana Univ.), introductions make up fully a third of the current volume, but included are important discussions of backgrounds, research methodologies, tale types, and motifs. Each story receives its own brief introduction as well, including provenance, dating of manuscripts, thematic and content discussions, and comparison with other tales. Part of the ABC-CLIO "Classic Folk & Fairy Tales" series, whose senior editor is noted folklore scholar Jack Zipes, Popular Stories of Ancient Egypt is recommended for all libraries.

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G. Maspero - Popular stories of ancient Egypt (191 5).pdf

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Lesley Adkins, Roy Adkins - The Little Book of Egy ptian Hieroglyphs (2001).jpg

This is the book to make the basics of hieroglyphs truly easy to understand. Explaining briefly the history and development of the language, it then gives the Egyptian alphabet and shows how simple it is to spell your own name using hieroglyphs. In short this is the complete introduction for any visitor to Egypt, student of the language, or just the fascinated layman.

Here, too, is an introduction to the Pharoahs, the Gods, the Nile and the Egyptian calendar, the scribes, and the common texts in tombs, on statues, and in papyrii helping you to recognise all the most common hieroglyphic words and phrases.

Discover the secrets of the hieroglyphs with this first genuinely accessible guide to one of the world's oldest writing systems.
Here is everything you need to know to:
* read the signs of the hieroglyphic 'alphabet'
* understand numbers and counting
* write your own name using hieroglyphs
* decipher the names of pharaohs, gods and goddesses
* translate common words and phrases from monuments and tombs

This irresistible little book also includes the story of how hieroglyphs were originally deciphered as well as an essential time chart of Egyptian history.

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Lesley Adkins, Roy Adkins - The Little Book of Egy ptian Hieroglyphs (2001).djvu

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Seyyed Hossein Nasr - Expectation of the Millenniu m, Shi'Ism in History (1989).jpg

Since the commencement of the occultation, the Shici community has been in a state of perpetual expectation. Thenceforth, no aspect of Shici history has remained unaffected by the everlasting hope for the return of the Mahdi, or the rightly guided.

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Seyyed Hossein Nasr - Expectation of the Millenniu m, Shi'Ism in History (1989).pdf

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