The explicit association between food and status was, academically speaking, first acknowledged on the food production level. He who owned the land, possessed the grain, he who owned the mill, had the flour, he who owned the oven, sold the bread. However, this conceptualization of power is dual; next to the obvious demonstration of power on the production level is the social significance of food consumption. Consumption of rich food - in terms of quantity and quality - was, and is, a means to show one's social status and to create or uphold power. This book is concerned with the relationship between food consumption, status and power. Contributors address the 'old top' of society, and consider the way kings and queens, emperors and dukes, nobles and aristocrats wined and dined in the rapidly changing world of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, where the bourgeoisie and even the 'common people' obtained political rights, economic influence, social importance and cultural authority. The book questions the role of food consumption at courts and the significance of particular foodstuffs or ways of cooking, deals with the number of guests and their place at the table, and studies the way the courts under consideration influenced one another. Topics include the role of sherry at the court of Queen Victoria as a means of representing middle class values, the use of the truffle as a promotional gift at the Savoy court, and the influence of European culture on banqueting at the Ottoman Palace. Together the volume addresses issues of social networks, prestige, politics and diplomacy, banquets and their design, income and spending, economic aims, taste and preference, cultural innovations, social hierarchies, material culture, and many more social and cultural issues. It will provide a useful entry into food history for scholars of court culture and anyone with an interest in modern cultural history.

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Hans Busch - Verdi's Aida; The History of an Opera in Letters and Documents (1978).jpg

Verdi's Aida was first published in 1978. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.

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Hans Busch - Verdi's Aida; The History of an Opera in Letters and Documents (1978).pdf

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Martin J. S. Rudwick - Bursting the Limits of Time ; The Reconstruction of Geohistory in the Age of R evolution (2005).jpg

Historia2 - Martin J. S. Rudwick - Bursting the Limits of Time The...nstruction of Geohistory in the Age of Revolution 2005.jpg

In 1650, Archbishop James Ussher of Armagh joined the long-running theological debate on the age of the earth by famously announcing that creation had occurred on October 23, 4004 B.C. Although widely challenged during the Enlightenment, this belief in a six-thousand-year-old planet was only laid to rest during a revolution of discovery in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In this relatively brief period, geologists reconstructed the immensely long history of the earth-and the relatively recent arrival of human life. Highlighting a discovery that radically altered existing perceptions of a human's place in the universe as much as the theories of Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud did, Bursting the Limits of Time is a herculean effort by one of the world's foremost experts on the history of geology and paleontology to sketch this historicization of the natural world in the age of revolution.

Addressing this intellectual revolution for the first time, Rudwick examines the ideas and practices of earth scientists throughout the Western world to show how the story of what we now call "deep time" was pieced together. He explores who was responsible for the discovery of the earth's history, refutes the concept of a rift between science and religion in dating the earth, and details how the study of the history of the earth helped define a new branch of science called geology. Rooting his analysis in a detailed study of primary sources, Rudwick emphasizes the lasting importance of field- and museum-based research of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Bursting the Limits of Time, the culmination of more than three decades of research, is the first detailed account of this monumental phase in the history of science.

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Gotz Aly, Michael Sontheimer, Shelley Frisch - Fro mms; How Julius Fromm's Condom Empire Fell to the Nazis (2009).jpg

Historia2 - Gotz Aly, Michael Sontheimer, Shelley Frisch - Fromms ...ow Julius Fromms Condom Empire Fell to the Nazis 2009.jpg

If you wanted to buy a top-quality condom in prewar Germany, you bought Fromms Act, the first brand name condom and still a leading brand in the German market. The man behind this "pure German quality product" was Julius Fromm, a Jewish entrepreneur who had immigrated from Russia as a child. Fromm was in the right place at the right time: he patented Fromms Act in 1916, when the combination of changing sexual mores, awareness of sexual health, and the lack of reliable prophylactics meant a market primed for his product. In 1922 he began mass production and opened international branches. Sixteen years later, after building the brand into a best seller and the company into a model business, he was forced to sell Fromms Act for a fraction of its worth to a German baroness. In 1939 he emigrated to London.

Aly and Sontheimer trace Fromm's rise and fall, illuminating the ways Jewish businesses like his were Aryanized under the Nazis. Through the biography of this businessman and the story of his unusual and fabulously successful company, we learn the fascinating history of the first branded condoms in Germany and the sexual culture that allowed them to thrive, the heretofore undocumented machinations by which the Nazis robbed German-Jewish families of their businesses, and the tragedy of a man whose great love for the adopted country that first allowed him to succeed was betrayed by its government and his fellow citizens.

This captivating account offers a wealth of detail and a fresh array of photographic documentation, and adds a striking new dimension to our understanding of this dark period in German history.

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Gotz Aly, Michael Sontheimer, Shelley Frisch - Fro mms; How Julius Fromm's Condom Empire Fell to the Nazis (2009).pdf

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Michael Braddick - God's Fury, England's Fire; A N ew History of the English Civil Wars (2009).jpg

The sequence of civil wars that ripped England apart in the seventeenth century was one of the most devastating conflicts in its history. It destroyed families and towns, ravaged the population and led many, both supporters of Charles I and his opponents, to believe that England's people were being punished by a vengeful God. This masterly new history illuminates what it was like to live through a time of terrifying violence, religious fervor and radical politics. Michael Braddick describes how pamphleteers, armies, iconoclasts, witch-hunters, Levellers, protestors and petitioners were all mobilized in the chaos, as they fought over new ways to imagine their world.

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Guy Rowlands - The Dynastic State and the Army und er Louis XIVl Royal Service and Private Interest 1 661-1701 (2002).jpg

Historia2 - Guy Rowlands - The Dynastic State and the Army under L...XIVl Royal Service and Private Interest 1661-1701 2002.jpg

This book presents a new interpretation of the development of the French army during the "personal rule" of Louis XIV. Based on massive archival research, it examines the army not only as a military institution but also as a political, social and economic organism. Guy Rowlands asserts that the key to the development of Louis XIV's armed forces was the king's determination to acknowledge and satisfy the military, political, social and cultural aspirations of his officers, and maintain the solid standing of the Bourbon dynasty.

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Guy Rowlands - The Dynastic State and the Army und er Louis XIVl Royal Service and Private Interest 1 661-1701 (2002).pdf

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Hendrik Kraay - I Die With My Country; Perspective s on the Paraguayan War, 1864-1870 (2005).jpg

The Paraguayan War (1864–70) was the most extensive and profound interstate war ever fought in South America. It directly involved the four countries of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay and took the lives of hundreds of thousands, combatants and noncombatants alike. While the war still stirs emotions on the southern continent, until today few scholars from outside the region have taken on the daunting task of analyzing the conflict. In this compilation of ten essays, historians from Canada, the United States, Germany, Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay address its many tragic complexities. Each scholar examines a particular facet of the war, including military mobilization, home-front activities, the war’s effects on political culture, war photography, draft resistance, race issues, state formation, and the role of women in the war. The editors’ introduction provides a balance to the many perspectives collected here while simultaneously integrating them into a comprehensible whole, thus making the book a compelling read for social historians and military buffs alike.

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Hendrik Kraay - I Die With My Country; Perspective s on the Paraguayan War, 1864-1870 (2005).pdf

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The war pictorial - August 1918 (1918).jpg

The war pictorial 1914-1918.

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3,9 MB
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The war pictorial - August 1918 (1918).pdf

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Ethan Bier - The Coiled Spring; How Life Begins (2 000).jpg

A concise, readable account of the principles underlying embryonic development in animals and plants, featuring colourful artwork and interviews with prominent investigators. It will be of use to those taking graduate and undergraduate courses.

Contents
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 The Central Dogma of Biology
2 Molecular Methods for Analyzing Development
3 Establishing the Primary Axes of Fruit Fly Embryos
4 Patterning Fly Appendages and Eyes
5 Establishing the Primary Axes of Vertebrate Embryos
6 Patterning Vertebrate Appendages and Eyes
7 Establishing the Primary Axes of Plant Embryos
8 Patterning Plant Appendages
9 The Future of Biology and Man

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DK Publishing - Geg Grant - Slavery; Real People a nd Their Stories of Enslavement (2009).jpg

Slavery is a comprehensive look at the history of an abomination. Words and images reveal the story of slavery around the world and across the centuries, focusing on slavery in the United States in the 1800s. This authoritative, heavily illustrated guide looks at the escalation of the Atlantic slave trade, the African peoples who were targeted, the lives they led as slaves in the American South, the slow growth of worldwide anti-slavery movements, abolition in the United States, the Civil War, Reconstruction, and more. Understand slavery - and how America's slave past has influenced its racial atmosphere today - with Slavery.

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Andrew Phillips - War, Religion and Empire; The Tr ansformation of International Orders (2011).jpg

What are international orders, how are they destroyed, and how can they be defended in the face of violent challenges? Advancing an innovative realist-constructivist account of international order, Andrew Phillips addresses each of these questions in War, Religion and Empire. Phillips argues that international orders rely equally on shared visions of the good and accepted practices of organized violence to cultivate cooperation and manage conflict between political communities. Considering medieval Christendom's collapse and the East Asian Sinosphere's destruction as primary cases, he further argues that international orders are destroyed as a result of legitimation crises punctuated by the disintegration of prevailing social imaginaries, the break-up of empires, and the rise of disruptive military innovations. He concludes by considering contemporary threats to world order, and the responses that must be taken in the coming decades if a broadly liberal international order is to survive.

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Andrew Phillips - War, Religion and Empire; The Tr ansformation of International Orders (2011).pdf

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Edmund S. K. Fung - The Intellectual Foundations o f Chinese Modernity; Cultural and Political Though t in the Republican Era (2010).jpg

Historia2 - Edmund S. K. Fung - The Intellectual Foundations of Ch...tural and Political Thought in the Republican Era 2010.jpg

In the early twentieth century, China was on the brink of change. Different ideologies - those of radicalism, conservatism, liberalism, and social democracy - were much debated in political and intellectual circles. Whereas previous works have analyzed these trends in isolation, Edmund S. K. Fung shows how they related to one another and how intellectuals in China engaged according to their cultural and political persuasions. The author argues that it is this interrelatedness and interplay between different schools of thought that are central to the understanding of Chinese modernity, for many of the debates that began in the Republican era still resonate in China today. The book charts the development of these ideologies and explores the work and influence of the intellectuals who were associated with them. In its challenge to previous scholarship and the breadth of its approach, the book makes a major contribution to the study of Chinese political philosophy and intellectual history.

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Donald R. Kelley - The Historical Imagination in E arly Modern Britain; History, Rhetoric, and Fictio n, 1500-1800 (2002).jpg

Historia2 - Donald R. Kelley - The Historical Imagination in Early...ritain History, Rhetoric, and Fiction, 1500-1800 2002.jpg

These essays by some of the most distinguished historians and literary scholars in the English-speaking world explore the overlap, interplay, and interaction between supposedly truthful history and fact-based fiction in British writing from the Tudor period to the Enlightenment. Despite the many theoretical questions posed, the discussions primarily focus on concrete works, including those of Thomas More, John Foxe, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, and Edward Gibbon.

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Donald R. Kelley - The Historical Imagination in E arly Modern Britain; History, Rhetoric, and Fictio n, 1500-1800 (2002).pdf

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Michael E. Stone - Ancient Judaism; New Visions an d Views (2011).jpg

Ancient Judaism questions a broad range of basic assumptions made by students of Second Temple Judaism and calls for a radical rethinking of approaches to Jewish history studies. Michael Stone challenges theologically conditioned histories of ancient Judaism devised by later orthodoxies, whether Jewish or Christian, and he stresses the importance of understanding religious experience as a major factor in the composition of ancient religious documents. Addressing the Dead Sea Scrolls and apocalyptic literature as well as recent theories, Stone emphasizes the stunning complexity of both the raw data and the resulting picture of Judaism in antiquity.

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Michael E. Stone - Ancient Judaism; New Visions an d Views (2011).pdf

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Ciaran Brady - The Chief Governors; The Rise and F all of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland 1536-158 8 (2002).jpg

Historia2 - Ciaran Brady - The Chief Governors The Rise and Fall o...l of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland 1536-1588 2002.jpg

This book offers a fundamental critique of conventional views of sixteenth-century Irish history that have stressed the centrality of colonization and military confrontation. It argues that reform rather than conquest was the aim of Tudor policy-makers, but shows that the immense difficulties faced by the reformers in pursuing their objectives forced them to make administrative innovations that ultimately contradicted and undermined their original policy.

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Ciaran Brady - The Chief Governors; The Rise and F all of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland 1536-158 8 (2002).pdf

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Laura E. Nym Mayhall - The Militant Suffrage Movem ent; Citizenship and Resistance in Britain 1860–19 30 (2003).jpg

Historia2 - Laura E. Nym Mayhall - The Militant Suffrage Movement ...nt Citizenship and Resistance in Britain 18601930 2003.jpg

The image of middle-class women chaining themselves to the rails of 10 Downing Street, smashing windows of public buildings, and going on hunger strikes in the cause of "votes for women" have become visually synonymous with the British suffragette movement over the past century. Their story has become a defining moment in feminist history, in effect separating women's fight for voting rights from contemporary issues in British political history and disconnecting their militancy from other forms of political activism in Britain in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Simon Horobin, Jeremy Smith - An Introduction to M iddle English (2002).jpeg

An Introduction to Middle English is designed to provide undergraduate students of English historical linguistics with a concise description of the language during the period 1100-1500. Middle English, the language of Chaucer, is discussed in relation to both earlier and later stages in the history of English, and in relation to other languages with which it came into contact.

Key Features

presents the historical and geographical contexts of Middle English
examines the evidence for Middle English;
introduces the principal features of Middle English spelling, pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary
includes an introduction to Middle English textual studies; selected Middle English texts, both literary and non-literary; notes, glossaries and annotated bibliographies; and questions for review.

Most other introductory books on Middle English focus on literary rather than linguistic matters; this book is designed to redress the balance, by providing students of English language with an up-to-date, authoritative survey which takes account of recent trends in historical linguistics.

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Simon Horobin, Jeremy Smith - An Introduction to M iddle English (2002).pdf

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Barbara A. Hanawalt - The Middle Ages; An Illustr ated History (1998).jpg

A brisk narrative of battles and plagues, monastic orders, heroic women, and knights-errant, barbaric tortures and tender romance, intrigue, scandals, and conquest, The Middle Ages: An Illustrated History mixes a spirited and entertaining writing style with exquisite, thorough scholarship. Barbara A. Hanawalt, a renowned medievalist, launches her story with the often violent amalgamation of Roman, Christian, and Germanic cultures following the destruction and pillaging of the crown jewel of the Roman Empirethe great city of Rome. The story moves on to the redrawn map of Europe, in which power players like Byzantium and the newly-established Frankish kingdom begin a precarious existence in a "sea of tribes" (in the words of a contemporary). Savage peoplesthe bloodthirsty Germans, the wild Visigoths and Ostrogoths, the fierce Anglo-Saxons, and the Slavs to the Eastas well as the sophisticated and ever-expanding Arabs threaten each others borders, invade cities and have their own cities sacked, fight victorious battles and get conquered in turn. Hanawalt charts the spread of Christianity in Europe, maps out the trail of misery and mayhem the Crusades left in their wake, explains feudalism and Church reform, familiarizes us with the astrolabe and the masterpieces of Romanesque and Gothic architecture, tracks the progress of the Hundred Years' War, and brings great historical figures--such as Charlemagne, King Henry II, Joan of Arc, Dante, and Justinian--to life.

Spanning the millennium between the fifth and the fifteenth centuries, The Middle Ages: An Illustrated History captures the major historical and political events in great depth and clarity, but never loses sight of the plain and often overlooked facts of lifelife as lived by peasants and townsfolk, kings and monks, men and women. Hanawalt offers fascinating tidbits on diverse facets of medieval society, from herbal medical cures to table etiquette and drinking habits, from tabloid-worthy court scandals to a unique listing of the rules of a monastic order. She examines rare textsfrom illuminated manuscripts to Carolingian minusculeand takes us inside the awe-inspiring Hagia Sofia in Constantinople.

Barbara Hanawalt makes use of eclectic source material, including inscriptions, chronicles, artifacts, and literature, from the Koran to the Scriptures, and from Omar Khayam to the Goliardic poems. Fascinating stories--like that of the discovery of the burial site of an Anglo-Saxon chieftain which contained, among other treasures, an entire 86-foot long shipare interspersed among the chronicles of great historical upheavals. The author takes a sweeping approach to the subject, building a comprehensive, animated portrait of every aspect of life in that period by including material on womens place in medieval society, agriculture, art and literature, religion and superstitions, philosophy, and weaponry. Lavishly illustrated with art, photographs, documents, artifacts, and maps, The Middle Ages also includes a glossary, index, chronology, and suggestions for further reading.

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Barbara A. Hanawalt - The Middle Ages; An Illustr ated History (1998).pdf

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David Carrasco, Lindsay Jones, Scott Sessions - Me soamerica's Classic Heritage; From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs (2002).jpg

Historia2 - David Carrasco, Lindsay Jones, Scott Sessions - Mesoam...s Classic Heritage From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs 2002.jpg

For more than a millennium the great Mesoamerican city of Teotihuacan (c. 150 B.C.E.—750 C.E.) has been imagined and reimagined by a host of subsequent cultures, including our own. Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage engages the subject of the unity and diversity of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica by focusing on the classic heritage of this ancient city. This new volume is the product of several years of research by members of Princeton University’s Moses Mesoamerican Archive and Research Project and Mexico’s Proyecto Teotihuacan. Offering a variety of disciplinary perspectives—including the history of religions, anthropology, archaeology, and art history—and a wealth of new data, Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage examines Teotihuacan's rippling influence across Mesoamerican time and space, including important patterns of continuity and change, and its relationships, both historical and symbolic, with Tenochtitlan, Cholula, and various Maya communities.

The contributors to Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage offer a wide range of individual interpretations, but they agree that Teotihuacan, more than any other pre-Hispanic center, was a paradigmatic source that formed the art and architecture, cosmology and ritual life, and conceptions of urbanism and political authority for significant parts of the Mesoamerican world. This great city achieved the prestige of being the site of the creation of the cosmos and of effective social and political space in Mesoamerica through its capacity to symbolize, perform, and export its imperial authority. These essays reveal the different ways in which Teotihuacan’s classic heritage both fed and fed on the dynamic interactivity of the entire area. Whether or not a paradigm shift in Mesoamerican studies is taking place, certainly a new contextual understanding of Teotihuacan and the diversities and unities of Mesoamerica is emerging in these pages.

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