Leading authorities, archaeologists, architects and archivists consider the latest methods of recording and repairing cathedral floors, including those of cathedrals, country houses, the monumental tiled pavements of the Palace of Westminster and other public buildings. Management policies to protect outstanding floors in over-visited sites are considered and historic features particularly at risk, are identified. Urgent action is recommended to contain the damage caused by the dramatic increase in tourism throughout Europe.

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Jane Fawcett - Historic Floors; Their History and Conservation (1998).pdf

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Xian-Guang Hou, Richard J. Aldridge, Jan Bergstrom , David J. Siveter, Derek J. Siveter, Xiang-Hong F eng - The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China; T he Flowering of Early Animal Life (2004).jpg

Historia2 - Xian-Guang Hou, Richard J. Aldridge, Jan Bergstrom, Da...ngjiang, China The Flowering of Early Animal Life 2004.jpg

The Chengjiang biota is one of the most remarkable fossil discoveries ever made. The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang is the first book in English to provide fossil enthusiasts with an overview of the fauna.
- 100 superb full color plates.
- First English language illustrated guide to this important fauna.
- A must-have for all palaeontologists worldwide.

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24,3 MB
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Xian-Guang Hou, Richard J. Aldridge, Jan Bergstrom , David J. Siveter, Derek J. Siveter, Xiang-Hong F eng - The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China; T he Flowering of Early Animal Life (2004).pdf

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Antonia Fraser - Love and Louis XIV; The Women in the Life of the Sun King (2007).jpg

Adelaide of Savoy, a favorite companion of Louis XIV during his dotage, remarked, "Under a king, a country is really ruled by women." Fraser's history of the court of the Sun King, seen through the lens of the women closest to him, is a highly readable confection, and unfolds as a sequence of cameos. There is Queen Anne of Austria, Louis's steely moth"r and regent, who carefully molded the infant King into an Apollo adored by the court; and his wife, Marie-Therese of Spain, who gave him no trouble except by dying. Then comes a trio of mistresses: Louise de La Valliere, who became a nun as recompense for her sins; Athenais, voluptuous and fecund; and Madame de Maintenon, the discreet and redoubtable confidante of his later years. With vivid wit, Fraser demonstrates that within the edifice of the monarchy there were deep crannies of ordinary affection.

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Alison Weir - The Lady in the Tower; The Fall of A nne Boleyn (2010).jpg

Acclaimed novelist and historian Weir continues to successfully mine the Tudor era, once again excavating literary gold. This time around, Anne Boleyn falls under her historical microscope. Though Boleyn’s life has already been dissected by a bevy of distinguished scholars, novelists, and filmmakers, Weir nevertheless manages to introduce a fresh slant on the ill-fated second wife of Henry VIII. Focusing almost exclusively on Anne’s final months, she paints a portrait of an impassioned religious reformer who aroused the suspicions and the animus of a number of court insiders, including the influential Thomas Cromwell. Although it cannot be disputed King Henry desperately desired a male heir, it appears there were more politically complex motives behind the plot to derail the unpopular queen. Caught in an inescapable web of royal intrigue and maneuvering, Anne steadfastly maintained her innocence against a host of trumped-up charges. Weir’s many fans and anyone with an interest in this time period will snap up this well-researched and compulsively readable biography.

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Alison Weir - The Children of Henry VIII (1997)(1).jpg

The tragedy of four accidental rivals to a throne, three of them children?by different mothers?of a much-married despot, seems to lose none of its drama by frequent retelling. Along with the royal siblings, Weir (The Six Wives of Henry VIII) includes their cousin, the doomed Lady Jane Grey. Guiltless of the intrigues committed in the name of religion, power and property, Queen Jane was forced at 15 to reign for nine days in a futile attempt to block the accession of the fanatically Catholic Princess Mary. The 300 burnings for heresy during the five years Mary ruled were eclipsed statistically by the hangings and beheadings for conspiracy and treachery. In the 11 years between the death of Henry VIII and the survival of his adroit daughter Elizabeth into the succession in 1558, rapacity had at least as much to do with the turbulence and the terror as religion. So many ennobled miscreants grasped for land, loot and legitimacy that readers will need a scorecard to match their names with their new titles. Weir adds nothing fresh to the story, but her sweeping narrative, based on contemporary chronicles, plays out vividly against the colorful backdrop of Tudor England.

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Alison Weir - The Children of Henry VIII (1997).epub

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Alison Weir - Katherine Swynford, The Story of Joh n of Gaunt and His Scandalous Duchess (2008).jpg

Veteran royal biographer Weir (Eleanor of Aquitaine) resurrects the life and times of the remarkable woman who was mistress and eventually the wife of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, third son of the charismatic and accomplished king of England, Edward III. Through John and Katherine Swynford (1350–1403) descended centuries of British sovereigns, including Queen Elizabeth II. Weir makes use of meager contemporary sources to build a convincing case for an intelligent, poised and talented woman who flouted convention and took control of her destiny in a male-dominated age. After the death of her first husband, one of John's knights, Katherine embarked on an illicit and notorious liaison with John, married to the queen of Castile; the connection survived separations and calamities, and she bore him four children. Repentant in the wake of the Peasants Revolt, John broke off the liaison, but after his wife's death, he risked censure to marry her, making her stepmother to the future Henry IV. Weir's well-researched, engrossing and perceptive biography gives a gutsy beauty her due while vividly describing the age of chivalry and its many players, including Katherine's renowned brother-in-law, Geoffrey Chaucer.

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Alison Weir - The Princes in the Tower (1995).jpeg

Proponents of Richard III will not be pleased by this book. Weir ( The Six Wives of Henry VIII , LJ 2/15/92) explores documentary evidence and various theories about the fate of the famous princes (Edward V and his brother, ages 12 and 10) in the Tower of London. Relying on contemporary accounts, Weir assesses credibility and compares details. Her sound research and rational arguments make a convincing case for Richard's direct involvement in the murder of his two young nephews. While she admits that there is no convincing evidence that Richard was hunchbacked or more evil than his contemporaries, Weir does show that he was supremely unpopular, largely because of the murder of the children. This is an excellent and persuasive book, one that belongs in all collections covering the history of Great Britain.

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Ann Kumar - Globalizing the Prehistory of Japan; L anguage, Genes and Civilisation (2009).jpg

This iconoclastic work on the prehistory of Japan and of South East Asia challenges entrenched views on the origins of Japanese society and identity. The social changes that took place in Japan in the time-period when the Jomon culture was replaced by the Yayoi culture were of exceptional magnitude, going far beyond those of the so-called Neolithic Revolution in other parts of the world. They included not only a new way of life based on wet-rice agriculture but also the introduction of metalworking in both bronze and iron, and furthermore a new architecture functionally and ritually linked to rice cultivation, a new religion, and a hierarchical society characterized by a belief in the divinity of the ruler. Because of its immense and enduring impact the Yayoi period has generally been seen as the very foundation of Japanese civilization and identity. In contrast to the common assumption that all the Yayoi innovations came from China and Korea, this work combines exciting new scientific evidence from such different fields as rice genetics, DNA and historical linguistics to show that the major elements of Yayoi civilization actually came, not from the north, but from the south.

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3,2 MB
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Ann Kumar - Globalizing the Prehistory of Japan; L anguage, Genes and Civilisation (2009).pdf

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The Civilization of the American Indian, Vol.209 - Helen Perlstein Pollard - Tariacuri's Legacy; The Prehispanic Tarascan State (1993).jpg

Historia2 - The Civilization of the American Indian, Vol.209 - Hel...Tariacuris Legacy The Prehispanic Tarascan State 1993.jpg

The Tarascan state was a state in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, roughly covering the geographic area of the present-day Mexican state of Michoacán. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico it was the second-largest state in Mexico.[citation needed] The state was founded in the early 14th century and lost its independence to the Spanish in 1530. In 1543 it officially became the governorship of Michoacán, from the Nahuatl name for the Tarascan state, Michoacán ("place of those who have fish"). In P'urhépecha, language of the Tarascans, the name of the state was Iréchecua Tzintzuntzáni, the "lands of Tzintzuntzan".

The people of the Tarascan empire were mostly of P'urhépecha ethnic affiliation but also included other ethnic groups such as the Nahua, Otomi, Matlatzinca and Chichimec. These ethnic groups were gradually assimilated into the P'urhépecha majority group.

The Tarascan state was constituted of a network of tributary systems and gradually became increasingly centralized, under the control of the "Caconzi", the ruler and king of the state. The Tarascan capital was located at Tzintzuntzan on the banks of Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, and, according to Tarascan oral tradition was founded by the first caconzi Taríacuri and dominated by his lineage the "Uacúsecha" ("Eagles" in P'urhépecha).

The Tarascan state was contemporary with and an enemy of the Aztec Empire, against which it fought many wars. The Tarascan empire blocked Aztec expansion to the northwest, and the Tarascans fortified and patrolled their frontiers with the Aztecs, possibly developing the first truly territorial state of Mesoamerica.

Due to its relative isolation within Mesoamerica, the Tarascan state had many cultural traits completely distinct from those of the Mesoamerican cultural group. It is particularly noteworthy for being among the few Mesoamerican civilizations to use metal for tools and ornamentation.

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The Civilization of the American Indian, Vol.209 - Helen Perlstein Pollard - Tariacuri's Legacy; The Prehispanic Tarascan State (1993).rar

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Eduardo de J. Douglas - In the palace of Nezahualc oyotl; painting manuscripts, writing the pre-Hispa nic past in early colonial period Tetzcoco, Mexico (2010).jpg

Historia2 - Eduardo de J. Douglas - In the palace of Nezahualcoyot...c past in early colonial period Tetzcoco, Mexico 2010.jpg

Around 1542, descendants of the Aztec rulers of Mexico created accounts of the pre-Hispanic history of the city of Tetzcoco, Mexico, one of the imperial capitals of the Aztec Empire. Painted in iconic script ("picture writing"), the Codex Xolotl, the Quinatzin Map, and the Tlohtzin Map appear to retain and emphasize both pre-Hispanic content and also pre-Hispanic form, despite being produced almost a generation after the Aztecs surrendered to Hernán Cortés in 1521. Yet, as this pioneering study makes plain, the reality is far more complex.

Eduardo de J. Douglas offers a detailed critical analysis and historical contextualization of the manuscripts to argue that colonial economic, political, and social concerns affected both the content of the three Tetzcocan pictorial histories and their archaizing pictorial form. As documents composed by indigenous people to assert their standing as legitimate heirs of the Aztec rulers as well as loyal subjects of the Spanish Crown and good Catholics, the Tetzcocan manuscripts qualify as subtle yet shrewd negotiations between indigenous and Spanish systems of signification and between indigenous and Spanish concepts of real property and political rights. By reading the Tetzcocan manuscripts as calculated responses to the changes and challenges posed by Spanish colonization and Christian evangelization, Douglas's study significantly contributes to and expands upon the scholarship on central Mexican manuscript painting and recent critical investigations of art and political ideology in colonial Latin America.

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Eduardo de J. Douglas - In the palace of Nezahualc oyotl; painting manuscripts, writing the pre-Hispa nic past in early colonial period Tetzcoco, Mexico (2010).pdf

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The Civilization of the American Indian, Vol.187 - Nigiel Davies - Aztec Empire; Toltec Resurgence ( 1988).jpg

Nigel Davies's books are usually considered the seminal work in the English language about whatever area of Meso-American history he writes about.

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The Civilization of the American Indian, Vol.187 - Nigiel Davies - Aztec Empire; Toltec Resurgence ( 1988).rar

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The Civilization of the American Indian, Vol.188 - Ross Hassig - Aztec Warfare; Imperial Expansion a nd Political Control (1995).jpg

Historia2 - The Civilization of the American Indian, Vol.188 - Ros...Warfare Imperial Expansion and Political Control 1995.jpg

Hassig has provided us with an excellent account of how the Aztecs conducted warfare before the Spanish arrived and including the fight with them. The tactics are indicative of a modern army and this is a must read if you are studying the Aztec Empire. The book is very well done and offers a unique perspective on warfare. It is hard to find good information about ancient societies warfare but the Aztecs left good records. Their political systems are also scrutinized here. Highly recommend.

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2,5 MB
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The Civilization of the American Indian, Vol.188 - Ross Hassig - Aztec Warfare; Imperial Expansion a nd Political Control (1995).rar

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Amar Annus, - Divination and Interpretation of Sig ns in the Ancient World (2010).jpg

The concept of sign, a portent observed in the physical world, which indicates future events, is found in all ancient cultures, but was first developed in ancient Mesopotamian texts. This branch of Babylonian scientific knowledge extensively influenced other parts of the world, and similar texts written in Aramaic, Sanscrit, Sogdian, and other languages. The seminar investigates how much we know about the Babylonian theory and hermeneutics of omens, and the scope of their possible influences on other cultures and regions.

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Amar Annus, - Divination and Interpretation of Sig ns in the Ancient World (2010).pdf

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E. G. Richards - Mapping Time, The Calendar and It s History (2000).jpg

This fascinating book fully addresses a topic of much general interest by drawing together a wealth of diverse material on the much-trusted (and rarely disputed) phenomenon we know as the calendar. From the fundamentals of astronomy to the world's ancient time-keeping schemes, from the development of the modern-day calendar to the precise calculation of what happens when (as in, how does one arrive at the date for Easter Sunday?), this is a skillful yet approachable discussion of the calendar from both the historical and contemporary perspectives. Readers will even learn how to perform experiments and calculations for themselves by using such basic techniques as stargazing and simple mathematics.

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E. G. Richards - Mapping Time, The Calendar and It s History (2000).pdf

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G. W. Bowersock, Peter Brown, Oleg Grabar - Late A ntiquity, Essays on the Postclassical World (2001).jpg

The era of late antiquity--from the middle of the third century to the end of the eighth--was marked by the rise of two world religions, unprecedented political upheavals that remade the map of the known world, and the creation of art of enduring glory. In these eleven in-depth essays, drawn from the award-winning reference work Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, an international cast of experts provides essential information and fresh perspectives on this period's culture and history. Contents: Introduction * Remaking the Past, by Averil Cameron * Sacred Landscapes, by Béatrice Caseau * Philosophical Tradition and the Self, by Henry Chadwick * Religious Communities, by Garth Fowden * Barbarians and Ethnicity, by Patrick J. Geary * War and Violence, by Brent D. Shaw * Empire Building, by Christopher Kelly

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5,6 MB
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G. W. Bowersock, Peter Brown, Oleg Grabar - Late A ntiquity, Essays on the Postclassical World (2001).pdf

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Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Maggie Bickford - Emperor Huizong and Late Northern Song China, The Politics of Culture and the Culture of Politics (2006).jpg

Historia2 - Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Maggie Bickford - Emperor Huiz... Politics of Culture and the Culture of Politics 2006.jpg

"The stereotype is utterly entrenched: Emperor Huizong (r. 1100–1125) devoted himself to painting birds and flowers and to producing calligraphy in his distinctive calligraphic style in the years that the Jurchen peoples pressed down on China’s northern border. Neglecting his duties, he abdicated just in time to see north China fall to the Jurchen armies.

"Almost every point, this pathbreaking volume contends, is wrong. Huizong was completely committed to governing his empire. Yes, his concept of governance differed from modern understandings; ritual and music occupied a central place, but he tried to implement real-world reforms. Huizong’s ministers extended the New Policies of the Wang Anshi era (1069–1085) to a greater extent than historians have realized. Moreover, the emperor could not have devoted himself to the arts because he did not actually paint the paintings, do the calligraphy, or write the poems attributed to him (his assistants did and then stamped their work with the imperial seal).

"Scholars need a book like this especially because The Cambridge History of China volumes devoted to the Song dynasty (960–1279) have been mired in publication delays for years. In the meantime, readers seeking a publication with the same high standards as the Cambridge History should read this book. The contributors include the most established senior scholars in the field (Peter K. Bol, John Chaffee, Joseph S. C. Lam, Paul Jakov Smith, Tsuyoshi Kojima, Stephen K. West), as well as more junior scholars who have recently completed dissertations that inform their essays here (Ari Daniel Levine on factionalism; Shin-yi Chao on Daoism; and Asaf Goldschmidt on medicine and public health). Every assertion rests on a solid foundation of evidence. Unfortunately the book includes no bibliography, but the book is extensively footnoted and includes long passages in the original Chinese as well as English translation. Books like The Cambridge History of China play an important role as authorative references that all—whether colleagues in other fields or students writing term papers—can consult. This volume exceeds that standard." —Journal of Chinese Studies, 2008, No. 48

Huizong was an exceptional emperor who lived through momentous times. A man of many talents, he wrote poetry and created his own distinctive calligraphy style; collected paintings, calligraphies, and antiquities on a large scale; promoted Daoism; and involved himself in the training of court artists, the layout of gardens, and reforms of music and medicine. The quarter century when Huizong ruled is just as fascinating. The greatly enlarged scholar-official class had come into its own but was deeply divided by factional strife. The long struggle between the Chinese state and its northern neighbors entered a new phase when Song proved unable to defend itself against the newly emergent Jurchen state of Jin. Huizong and thousands of members of his family and court were taken captive, and the Song dynasty had to recreate itself in the South.

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Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Maggie Bickford - Emperor Huizong and Late Northern Song China, The Politic s of Culture and the Culture of Politics (2006).pdf

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Patricia Pires Boulhosa - Icelanders and the Kings of Norway, Mediaeval Sagas and Legal Texts (2005).jpg

The book uses sagas and legal texts to re-examine the relations between mediaeval Icelanders and the Norwegian kings. It demonstrates that the Icelanders - partly subjects of the king, and partly beyond his power - were ready to negotiate with him for their own benefit, and presents a methodological re-evaluation of authorial attributions of the sagas and their use as historical sources. Key to the book is a revisionary analysis of two laws made between the Icelanders and the kings of Norway: a law probably issued by King Óláfr inn helgi of Norway (1015-1028), and the purported submission agreements with King Hákon Hákonarson (1217-1263), known as Gizurarsáttmáli or Gamli sáttmáli. It also analyses the sagas of the fourteenth-century manuscript Möðruvallabók against the historical context extracted from this legal re-evaluation.

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Patricia Pires Boulhosa - Icelanders and the Kings of Norway, Mediaeval Sagas and Legal Texts (2005).pdf

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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Uwaga!!! Wszystkie pliki w tym chomiku zostały zamieszczone informacyjnie. Od momentu ściągnięcia na dysk pliki należy usunąć w ciągu 24h. Wykorzystywanie ich w celach komercyjnych jest niezgodne z prawem. Autor chomika nie ponosi żadnej odpowiedzialności za niezgodne z prawem wykorzystywanie zasobów znajdujących się w tym chomiku !!!