What was life really like for the ordinary soldier, sailor, airman, and civilian during World War I? Was it different for the British, French, and Americans than it was for the Germans? This work brings to life the military and civilian experiences of ordinary people on both sides of the war. This narrative focuses on how men were recruited and trained, the equipment they used, what they ate, trench warfare as a way of life, and the phenomenon of combat.

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10,9 MB
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Neil M. Heyman - Daily Life During World War I (20 02).pdf

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Wessex Archaeology - Wreck discovered in the Theme s estuary.jpg

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Wessex Archaeology - Wreck discovered in the Theme s estuary.pdf

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Wessex Archaeology - Wrecks Ecology 2007-08.jpg

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Wessex Archaeology - Wrecks Ecology 2007-08.pdf

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Joseph Tainter - The Collapse of Complex Societies (1988).jpg

Political disintegration is a persistent feature of world history. The Collapse of Complex Societies, though written by an archaeologist, will therefore strike a chord throughout the social sciences. Any explanation of societal collapse carries lessons not just for the study of ancient societies, but for the members of all such societies in both the present and future. Dr. Tainter describes nearly two dozen cases of collapse and reviews more than 2000 years of explanations. He then develops a new and far-reaching theory that accounts for collapse among diverse kinds of societies, evaluating his model and clarifying the processes of disintegration by detailed studies of the Roman, Mayan and Chacoan collapses.

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Mary W. Helms - Ancient Panama; Chiefs in Search o f Power (1979).jpg

Ancient Panama adds depth to our understanding of the political and religious elite ruling in Panama at the time of the European conquest. Mary W. Helms's research greatly expands knowledge of the distribution, extent, and structural nature of these pre-Columbian chiefdoms.
In addition, Helms delves more deeply into select aspects of ancient Panamanian political systems, including the relationship between elite competition and chiefly status, the use of sumptuary goods in the expression of elite power, and the role of elites in regional and long-distance exchange networks. In a significant departure from traditional thinking, she proposes that the search for esoteric knowledge was more important than economic trade in developing long-distance contact among chiefdoms.
The primary data for the study are derived from sixteenth-century Spanish records by Oviedo y Valdés, Andagoya, Balboa, and others. The author also turns to ethnographic data from contemporary native people of Panama, Colombia, tropical America, and Polynesia for analogy and comparison. The result is a highly innovative study which illuminates not only pre-Columbian Panamanian elites but also the nature of chiefdoms as a distinctive cultural type.

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9,9 MB
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Mary W. Helms - Ancient Panama; Chiefs in Search o f Power (1979).pdf

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Starożytne Cywilizacje 03 - Arabia (2000).jpg

Arabowie do VII w. zamieszkiwali głównie tereny Półwyspu Arabskiego; historycznie plemiona arabskie przed islamem dzieliły się na północne i południowe (podział ten jest znany tylko w wersji mitologicznej), różniące się między sobą językiem i kulturą materialną. Arabowie południowi zamieszkiwali południowo-zachodnią Arabię (zwaną w starożytności Arabią Felix), gdzie stworzyli bogatą cywilizację (znaną tylko z wykopalisk archeologicznych), opartą na wysoko rozwiniętym rolnictwie (znakomity system nawadniający z tamą w Marib koło Sany); od ok. XV w. p.n.e. powstawały tam państwa (Main, Saba, Kataban, Himjar), które eksportowały nad Morze Śródziemne pachnidła, korzenie i złoto oraz kontrolowały szlak handlowy z Indii do Mezopotamii i Egiptu; cywilizacja Arabów południowych upadła w VI w. Od IX w. p.n.e. pojawiają się wzmianki asyryjskie i babilońskie o kraju Aribi w północnej Arabii; powstały tam państewka: Nabatejczyków (IV w. p.n.e.–II w. n.e., ze stolicą Petra) i Palmyra (II w. p.n.e.–III w. n.e.) podbite przez Rzym; Bizancjum i perscy Sasanidzi kontrolowali państewka Lachmidów (III–początek VII w.) i Ghassanidów (V–połowa VII w.). W VI w. ważną rolę odgrywało miasto Mekka, leżące na skrzyżowaniu szlaków handlowych, także jako miejsce ogólnoarabskiego kultu Czarnego Kamienia; tutaj urodził się Mahomet (ok. 570–632), prorok islamu i twórca państwa muzułmańskiego — kalifatu; nowa religia zjednoczyła Arabów, zastępując więzy krwi więzią religijną.

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Dendrochronology; Guidelines on producing and inte rpreting dendrochronological dates (2000).jpg

Dendrochronology is being used in the light of PPG16 in the course of the discoveries made during developer-led excavation and PPG15 to assess the age of timbers in buildings in the hope that a better understanding of the building will lead to better management, repair, and conservation.

Part 1 of the guidelines describes the principles and history of the technique together with a brief introduction to the method. Part 2 gives a step-by-step guide from planning a project to dissemination of results.

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Dendrochronology; Guidelines on producing and inte rpreting dendrochronological dates (2000).pdf

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Osprey - Men-at-Arms 65 - Robert Wilkinson-Latham - Royal Navy 1790-1970 (1977).jpg

Of all the world's seaborne military organizations, the British Royal Navy is perhaps the most prestigious. Protector of the British Empire and defender of British freedom, it has provided the template on which nearly all other national navies have modelled themselves. This book explores the changes in the uniforms of the Royal Navy from the 18th century to 1970. It includes details from the dress regulations as laid down in the first official illustrated text on the topic, which dated from 1825, up through the present day, and addresses all variations for climate, rank, and equipment requirements.

Contents
The First Uniforms· The Early Victorian Navy · Uniforms for Seamen · Birth of the Modern Navy · The World Wars · Today’s Navy · The Plates

Robert Wilkinson-Latham specializes in military uniforms and weapons and has written many books covering a variety of historical periods. His previous works for Osprey include the highly acclaimed ‘Napoleon’s Artillery’.

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Richard Bradley - Ritual Domestic Life in Prehisto ric Europe (2005).jpg

Prehistoric people were not like us. Despite attempts by archaeologists to separate settlements from ceremonial sites, burial places from work places, and ritual activity from domestic life we have always known things were different in the past.

Using examples from across Europe, the way that ritual is overtly embedded in everyday life is unfolded. Take the raised stone granaries of Gallicia (hórreos) that open the discussion. Built on four granite pillars these intriguing structures are stores for maize cobs but so resemble houses and churches that passers-by mistake them for shrines. A cross at one end and a stylised phallus at the other speak of death and regeneration, scarcity and abundance, sowing and harvesting, and remind the faithful that similar cycles extend to human life.

From Gallicia the spotlight skips to the great Neolithic enclosures of Wessex, the viereckschanzen of central Europe, houses, megalithic tombs, rock art, and much more.

Throughout, Bradley reminds us that we must look beyond ground plans and maps to think about societies and beliefs, to forget ritual as a kind of theatre, and to read the world around us for meanings behind the obvious. It’s an interesting challenge, especially at Christmas time as one’s eyes drift from the pages of the book to the celebrations beyond!

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C. Martin Wilbur - The Nationalist Revolution in C hina, 1923 -1928 (1985).jpg

This lively history of China's Nationalist revolution tells the story of a small group of Chinese patriots headed by Sun Yat-sen until his death in 1925. They mobilised men, money, and propaganda to create a provincial base from which they launched a revolutionary military campaign to unify the country, end imperialist privilege, and bring the Kuomintang to power. Soviet Russia induced the fledgling Chinese Communist Party to join the effort, and sent money, arms, military and political experts to guide the revolution. But there was a fatal flaw in this co-operation, and when the fighting was over, the remnant Communist Party had been driven underground, the Russian experts had been expelled, and a faction-riven Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek could claim to be China's new government. This study of a key period in China's history, reprinted from Volume 12 of The Cambridge History of China, is solidly based in Chinese, Russian, and Western languages sources.

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C. Martin Wilbur - The Nationalist Revolution in C hina, 1923 -1928 (1985).djvu

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Hsia Nai, Ku Yen-wen, Lu Wen-kao - New Archaeologi cal Finds in China; Discoveries During the Cultura l Revolution (1972).jpg

Historia2 - Hsia Nai, Ku Yen-wen, Lu Wen-kao - New Archaeological ...China Discoveries During the Cultural Revolution 1972.jpg

Table of Contents
Hsia Nai. Archaeological work during the cultural revolution.
Ku Yen-wen. Han tombs at Mancheng.
Ku Yen-wen. Tatu, the Yuan capital.
Lan Hsin-wen. Finds from Kansu.
Hsiang Po. Ch'u tomb and weapons from Changsha.
Chung Chien. Perfect preservation after 2,100 years.
Hsia Nai. More finds along the Silk Road.
Lu Wen-kao. Tomb of the Ming Prince of Lu.
Chang Li-chuan and Lin Yu-ching. The masses support archaeological work.

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Hsia Nai, Ku Yen-wen, Lu Wen-kao - New Archaeologi cal Finds in China; Discoveries During the Cultura l Revolution (1972).pdf

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Tim Murray - Encyclopedia of Archaeology, History and discoveries (2001).jpg

In 1999, ABC-CLIO published the two-volume Encyclopedia of Archaeology: The Great Archaeologists, which took a biographical approach to the field. This next installment of the Encyclopedia of Archaeology takes a more standard topical approach, with entries covering the history of archaeology in specific countries or regions as well as "the histories of significant sites, debates, techniques, methods and issues that are central to the global practice of the discipline." Examples include Abydos, Babylonian civilization, Dating, Chaco Canyon, Industrial archaeology, Iran, Sweden, and Terracotta warriors. There are also entries for individuals (Thomas Jefferson) who did not appear in the earlier volumes and a few (Howard Carter) who did.

The signed entries are arranged alphabetically and vary in length from a paragraph to more than 30 pages for Island Southeast Asia. Most are accompanied by cross-references and bibliographies, which in some cases are quite extensive. A comprehensive table of contents is repeated in all three volumes, and volume 3 also offers a glossary and a well-done index. It is unfortunate that there is no indexing that refers the reader to The Great Archaeologists, although there are references to those volumes in some of the bibliographies. The lack of guide words makes it difficult to navigate through the pages, especially because some of the entries are so long.

The national and regional surveys are the most valuable aspect of this resource. Titles such as Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (Routledge, 1999) and Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America [RBB Mr 1 01] offer more depth, but entries here on Egypt, Mexico, and Maya civilization, to name a few, provide useful synthesis for the general reader. Libraries that purchased The Great Archaeologists will certainly want to add History and Discoveries to their collections.

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Tim Murray - Encyclopedia of Archaeology, History and discoveries (2001).pdf

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Zhaneta Kristo - Archaeology in Albania 1991-1999 ( Archaeological Reports, No. 46 (1999 - 2000), pp . 152-159).jpg

Historia2 - Zhaneta Kristo - Archaeology in Albania 1991-1999 Arc...chaeological Reports, No. 46 1999 - 2000, pp. 152-159.jpg

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Zhaneta Kristo - Archaeology in Albania 1991-1999 ( Archaeological Reports, No. 46 (1999 - 2000), pp . 152-159).pdf

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Howard J. Langer - The World War II 100; A Ranking of the Most Influential Figures of the Second Wor ld War (2001).jpg

Historia2 - Howard J. Langer - The World War II 100 A Ranking of t...Most Influential Figures of the Second World War 2001.jpg

Everyone knows who were the most famous people of World War II. But who were the most influential? Whose words and deeds had the greatest impact on that war, before, during, or afterward? The most famous individuals of the war like Winston Churchill, Charles De Gaulle, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Hirohito, Adolf Hitler are examined. In addition, there are individuals far less famous- that are also discussed.

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Howard J. Langer - The World War II 100; A Ranking of the Most Influential Figures of the Second Wor ld War (2001).pdf

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Martin Bernal - Black Athena Writes Back; Martin B ernal Responds to His Critics (2001).jpg

In 1987, Bernal published Black Athena, in which he argued that many of the cultural accomplishments traditionally attributed to the ancient Greeks originated, in fact, in Africa, especially among the Egyptians. Bernal also argues that in the 19th and early 20th centuries, scholars of ancient Greece purposefully ignored or distorted evidence of the Afro-Asiatic roots of Greek achievement. He further argues that, because many of these scholars were overt racists and anti-Semites, they wanted those features that are considered to be the cornerstones of Western civilization to be the work of white people, and particularly Aryans. This controversial thesis attracted a great deal of popular media attention. Unsurprisingly, it met also with withering criticism from prominent scholars of archeology, linguistics and literature, the primary disciplines from which Bernal, who teaches government and Near Eastern studies at Cornell, collected his evidence. In this new volume, Bernal makes point-by-point retorts to, for instance, Egyptologist David O'Connor, who argues that Bernal is far too trusting of ancient literary sources; Mary Lefkowitz, a classicist and one of his most persistent critics, who finds very little of value in his work; and Emily Vermeule, an Aegean Bronze Age specialist, who questions Bernal's archaeological methodology. In response to Vermeule's allegations of "exaggerated sensitivity" (Bernal's words), he returns to passages from studies that he quoted in Black Athena as examples of scholarly racism. Many of the pieces here are previously published articles, essays and book reviews, and thus involve and reiterate aspects of his original book. 15 illus. (Oct.)Forecast: A considerable audience of nonspecialists will be curious about the current state of the 15-year-old controversy, but sales are likely to be limited to academics.

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Yuko Kikuchi - Japanese Modernisation and Mingei T heory; Cultural Nationalism and Oriental Orientali sm (2004).jpg

Historia2 - Yuko Kikuchi - Japanese Modernisation and Mingei Theor...ry Cultural Nationalism and Oriental Orientalism 2004.jpg

Conceptualized in 1920s Japan by Yanagi SÃ´etsu, the Mingei movement has spread world-wide since the 1950s, creating phenomena as diverse as Mingei museums, Mingei connoisseurs and collectors, Mingei shops and Mingei restaurants. The theory, at its core and its adaptation by Bernard Leach, has long been an influential 'Oriental' aesthetic for studio craft artists in the West. But why did Mingei become so particularly influential to a western audience? And could the 'Orientalness' perceived in Mingei theory be nothing more than a myth?
Tracing the chronological development of Mingei theory from its beginnings in the 1910s to the end of the 20th century, Kikuchi deconstructs the Oriental 'myth' of Mingei by highlighting the complicit relationship between Japanese cultural nationalism and modern western Orientalism. Instead, she replaces the myth with an alternative perspective that focuses on the hybrid nature of the movement, from the formation of the theory on the basis of 'hybrid' modern ideas to its establishment in national, colonial and international discourses.
This richly illustrated work offers controversial new evidence through its cross-cultural examination of a wide range of materials in Japanese, English, Korean and Chinese, bringing about startling new conclusions concerning Japanese modernization and cultural authenticity. This new interpretation of the Mingei movement will appeal to scholars of Japanese art history as well as those with interests in cultural identity in non-Western cultures.

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Yuko Kikuchi - Japanese Modernisation and Mingei T heory; Cultural Nationalism and Oriental Orientali sm (2004).pdf

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Allan Lazar - The 101 Most Influential People Who Never Lived; How Characters of Fiction, Myth, Lege nds, Television, and Movies Have Shaped Our Societ y, Changed Our Behavior, and Set the Course of His.jpg

Historia2 - Allan Lazar - The 101 Most Influential People Who Neve...ciety, Changed Our Behavior, and Set the Course of His.jpg

In the opening pages of this entertaining compendium of influential characters, myths and legends, the authors ponder whether the Wright brothers would have built the first airplane without the legendary example of Icarus and Daedalus. Perhaps, the authors muse, the Wright brothers would have built something else altogether. Authors and friends Karlan, a computer programmer, Lazar, a former faculty member at the Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, and Jeremy Salter, an analytical chemist, followed two criteria to determine their admittedly subjective list-"the number of people affected and the depth of impact." Darth Vader, Charlie Brown and Mr. Whipple did not make the list ("popular" does not always translate as "influential," explain the authors). However, Dr. Frankenstein's monster, Uncle Tom, G.I. Joe and HAL 9000 did, largely due to their impact on popular culture and how we define ourselves. Of particular note are the book's "Did You Know" boxes, which offer figures and trivia.

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B. Bar-Kochva - Judas Maccabaeus; The Jewish Strug gle Against the Seleucids (2002).jpg

This book is an account of the battles fought by Judas Maccabeus between 166 and 160 B.C. against the forces of the Seleucids during the revolt of the Jews against domination by the Seleucid empire. It reexamines the accepted assessments of Judas Maccabeus' activities and achievements and seeks to reconstruct the course of the military and political events of his time. Part I examines the composition and strength of the armies on both sides, their armaments and operating methods, and discusses the extent of Judas Maccabeus' success. Following an introduction evaluating the Jewish writings from all points of view, Part II gives detailed accounts of the battles, including the terrain and the tactics employed, analysing and commenting on the relevant narratives from the Book of Maccabees. Numerous appendices discuss individual problems vital to the reconstruction of the historical developments.

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B. Bar-Kochva - Judas Maccabaeus; The Jewish Strug gle Against the Seleucids (2002).pdf

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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Uwaga!!! Wszystkie pliki w tym chomiku zostały zamieszczone informacyjnie. Od momentu ściągnięcia na dysk pliki należy usunąć w ciągu 24h. Wykorzystywanie ich w celach komercyjnych jest niezgodne z prawem. Autor chomika nie ponosi żadnej odpowiedzialności za niezgodne z prawem wykorzystywanie zasobów znajdujących się w tym chomiku !!!