The breakdown of democracy in Spain in the 1930s resulted in a torrent of political and military violence. In this thoroughly revised edition of his classic text, Paul Preston provides a deeply disturbing explanation of the democratic collapse, coherently and excitingly outlining the social and economic background. Since the first edition of this book was completed more than fifteen years ago, archives have been opened up, the diaries, letters and memoirs of major protagonists have been published and there have been innumerable studies of the politics of the Republic, of parties, unions, elections and social conflict, national and provincial. This edition updates the original text as exhaustively as possible to take account of the new material.

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15,7 MB
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Mohamed Zayani - The Al Jazeera Phenomenon (2005).pdf

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Christine Kovic - Mayan Voices for Human Rights, D isplaced Catholics in Highland Chiapas (2005).jpg

In the last decades of the twentieth century, thousands of Mayas were expelled, often violently, from their homes in San Juan Chamula and other highland communities in Chiapas, Mexico, by fellow Mayas allied with the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). State and federal authorities generally turned a blind eye to these human rights abuses, downplaying them as local conflicts over religious conversion and defense of cultural traditions. The expelled have organized themselves to fight not only for religious rights, but also for political and economic justice based on a broad understanding of human rights. This pioneering ethnography tells the intertwined stories of the new communities formed by the Mayan exiles and their ongoing efforts to define and defend their human rights. Focusing on a community of Mayan Catholics, the book describes the process by which the progressive Diocese of San Cristobal and Bishop Samuel Ruiz Garcia became powerful allies for indigenous people in the promotion and defense of human rights. Drawing on the words and insights of displaced Mayas she interviewed throughout the 1990s, Christine Kovic reveals how the exiles have created new communities and lifeways based on a shared sense of faith (even between Catholics and Protestants) and their own concept of human rights and dignity. She also uncovers the underlying political and economic factors that drove the expulsions and shows how the Mayas who were expelled for not being "traditional" enough are in fact basing their new communities on traditional values of duty and reciprocity.

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2,2 MB
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Christine Kovic - Mayan Voices for Human Rights, D isplaced Catholics in Highland Chiapas (2005).pdf

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Nicholas P. Higgins - Understanding the Chiapas Re bellion, Modernist Visions and the Invisible India n (2004).jpg

Historia2 - Nicholas P. Higgins - Understanding the Chiapas Rebell...lion, Modernist Visions and the Invisible Indian 2004.jpg

To many observers in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Mexico appeared to be a modern nation-state at last assuming an international role through its participation in NAFTA and the OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development). Then came the Zapatista revolt on New Year's Day 1994. Wearing ski masks and demanding not power but a new understanding of the indigenous peoples of Mexico, Subcomandante Marcos and his followers launched what may be the first "post" or "counter" modern revolution, one that challenges the very concept of the modern nation-state and its vision of a fully assimilated citizenry. This book offers a new way of understanding the Zapatista conflict as a counteraction to the forces of modernity and globalization that have rendered indigenous peoples virtually invisible throughout the world. Placing the conflict within a broad sociopolitical and historical context, Nicholas Higgins traces the relations between Maya Indians and the Mexican state from the conquest to the present--which reveals a centuries-long contest over the Maya people's identity and place within Mexico. His incisive analysis of this contest clearly explains how the notions of "modernity" and even of "the state" require the assimilation of indigenous peoples. With this understanding, Higgins argues, the Zapatista uprising becomes neither surprising nor unpredictable, but rather the inevitable outcome of a modernizing program that suppressed the identity and aspirations of the Maya peoples.

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2,3 MB
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Nicholas P. Higgins - Understanding the Chiapas Re bellion, Modernist Visions and the Invisible India n (2004).pdf

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93 KB
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Osprey - Field of Glory 1 - Richard Bodley-Scott - Rise of Rome, Republican Rome Army List (2008).jpg

Field of Glory presents the historical tabletop wargamer with a new, accessible rules set. Rise of Rome provides an accessible, detailed army listing for the Roman Republic and its enemies, from the war against Pyrrhos, to the victory of Augustus. This companion contains a complete historical overview of this period, covering conflicts such as the Punic Wars and Romes bloody wars with Hannibal and the Carthiginians. It includes well-designed, visually stunning and comprehensive army listings, with detailed historical overviews of each army, supporting maps and Osprey artwork.
My Links

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14,2 MB
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Osprey - Field of Glory 1 - Richard Bodley-Scott - Rise of Rome, Republican Rome Army List (2008).pdf

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297 KB
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Osprey - Field of Glory 2 - Richard Bodley-Scott - Storm of Arrows, Late Medieval Army List (2002).jpg

Field of Glory presents the historical tabletop wargamer with a new, accessible rules set. Storm of Arrows provides an accessible, detailed companion for the Later Medieval period, 1300-1500. This army list contains a complete historical overview of this period, covering conflicts such as the Hundred Years War, and Wars of the Roses. It includes well-designed, visually stunning and comprehensive army listings, with detailed historical overviews of each army, supporting maps and artwork.

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Osprey - Field of Glory 8 - Richard Bodley-Scott - Wolves from the Sea, The Dark Ages (2009).jpg

This book covers the Early Medieval period in western and northern Europe, commonly known as the "Dark Ages", from 496 AD until 1070 AD.
Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire at the end of the 5th century, the post-Roman world was divided into a number of kingdoms, each ruled by the "barbarian" grouping that had come to control it during the last days of die Empire. After the initial round of wars, the Franks held most of modern France and also controlled a substantial area of Germany, the Visigoths held Spain, the Ostrogoths held Italy and the Vandals held North Africa.
Continuity with the Roman Empire, however, was at first considerable. Many of the "barbarian" armies, though of Germanic tribal origin, were in fact originally Late Roman field armies, and continued to use Late Roman methods of supporting the soldiers. Each soldier was assigned to share a portion of the land of a Roman landowner, from which he drew his pay.
In the mid 6th century the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire launched a counter-offensive, reconquering Africa from the Vandals, Italy from the Ostrogoths and part of southern Spain from the Visigoths. Soon after, however, diey lost the north of Italy to the invading Lombards.

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Osprey - Field of Glory 9 - Richard Bodley-Scott - Swifter Than Eagles, The Biblical Middle East at War (2009).jpg

Historia2 - Osprey - Field of Glory 9 - Richard Bodley-Scott - Sw...fter Than Eagles, The Biblical Middle East at War 2009.jpg

This book covers the better known armies of the Near East in the Bronze and Iron Ages up until die creation of the Achaemenid Persian Empire in the mid-6th century BC.
Metallurgy developed first in the mountains of the Anatolian highlands (in modern Turkey), where diere were rich deposits of metal ores. The Early Bronze Age (3500-2000 BC) saw the rise of urbanisation with the creation of city states throughout the "Fertile Crescent" from Egypt to Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and the development of larger kingdoms such as those of Egypt and Akkad.The Middle Bronze Age (2000-1600) saw major movements of peoples, such as the Amorites, Hittites, Hurrians and Hyksos, changing the political map. The development of true chariots towards the end of this period revolutionised warfare. The Late Bronze Age (1600-1200) saw the great kingdoms - Egypt, the Hittites, Mitamii, Assyria and Babylon -competing for power on a grand scale.
In the late 13th and early 12th centuries, however, there appears to have been a major crisis throughout the Near East, resulting in the complete collapse of the Aegean (Mycenaean) and Anatolian (Hittite) palace cultures and the retreat of the Egyptian Kingdom to its core territory. The causes of this collapse are disputed, but there is no doubt that the period saw major migrations of militant peoples throughout the Mediterranean region, particularly the enigmatic "Sea Peoples".

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Stanley Wolpert - Gandhi's Passion, The Life and L egacy of Mahatma Gandhi (2002).jpg

More than half a century after his death, Mahatma Gandhi continues to inspire millions throughout the world. Yet modern India, most strikingly in its decision to join the nuclear arms race, seems to have abandoned much of his nonviolent vision. Inspired by recent events in India, Stanley Wolpert offers this subtle and profound biography of India's "Great Soul." Wolpert compellingly chronicles the life of Mahatma Gandhi from his early days as a child of privilege to his humble rise to power and his assassination at the hands of a man of his own faith. This trajectory, like that of Christ, was the result of Gandhi's passion: his conscious courting of suffering as the means to reach divine truth. From his early campaigns to stop discrimination in South Africa to his leadership of a people's revolution to end the British imperial domination of India, Gandhi emerges as a man of inner conflicts obscured by his political genius and moral vision. Influenced early on by nonviolent teachings in Hinduism, Jainism, Christianity, and Buddhism, he came to insist on the primacy of love for one's adversary in any conflict as the invincible power for change. His unyielding opposition to intolerance and oppression would inspire India like no leader since the Buddha--creating a legacy that would encourage Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela, and other global leaders to demand a better world through peaceful civil disobedience. By boldly considering Gandhi the man, rather than the living god depicted by his disciples, Wolpert provides an unprecedented representation of Gandhi's personality and the profound complexities that compelled his actions and brought freedom to India.

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20,3 MB
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Stanley Wolpert - Gandhi's Passion, The Life and L egacy of Mahatma Gandhi (2002).pdf

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Maria Sophia Quine - Italy's Social Revolution, Ch arity and Welfare from Liberalism to Fascism (2002 ).jpg

The study of welfare can illuminate debate about many themes in modern Italian history - the question of the success or failure of nation-building, the question of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the state, the question of continuity and discontinuity from liberalism to fascism, and the question of the actual impact of fascist rule on Italian society. This book aims to contribute to scholarship on the social history of modern Italy by examining welfare thinking and policies from the nineteenth century to the fascist period.

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1,3 MB
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Maria Sophia Quine - Italy's Social Revolution, Ch arity and Welfare from Liberalism to Fascism (2002 ).pdf

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Victoria Schofield - Kashmir in Conflict, India, P akistan and the Unending War (2003).jpg

In 1846, under the terms of the Treaty of Amritsar, the British sold the beautiful valley of Kashmir to the Hindu Dogra ruler, Gulab Singh. As Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, he was at last able to include Kashmir as the ‘jewel’ among his other territorial possessions, which included Jammu, Ladakh, Baltistan and numerous hill states, through which flowed the river Indus and its tributaries to the east. Thus, people of different linguistic, religious and cultural traditions were all brought under the jurisdiction of one ruler. The inclusion of the predominantly Muslim, and more densely populated, valley meant that Hindus, Sikhs and Buddhists were in the minority. When, a century later, the sub-continent was partitioned at independence in 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh, Gulab Singh’s great-grandson, could not decide whether to join the new dominion of Pakistan or India. For over two months, his state remained ‘independent’. In October, after large numbers of tribesmen from Pakistan’s North-West Frontier invaded the state, he finally agreed to join India. His decision was immediately contested by Pakistan on the basis of the state’s majority Muslim population. War between India and Pakistan was finally halted in 1949 by a ceasefire supervised by the recently founded United Nations.

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Brian K Barber - Adolescents and War How Youth Dea l with Political Violence (2008).jpg

Hundreds of thousands of children are forced or legally recruited combatants in no fewer than 70 warring parties across the world. In addition to these child soldiers, thousands of youth voluntarily participate in politically related conflict. Why, how, and in what capacities are such large numbers of teenagers involved in war and how are they affected? Adolescents and War brings together world experts in an evidence-based volume to thoroughly understand and document the intricacies of youth who have had substantial involvement in political violence. Contributors argue that the assumption that youth are automatically debilitated by the violence they experience is much too simplistic: effective care for youth must include an awareness of their motives and beliefs, the roles they played in the conflict, their relationships with others, and the opportunities available to them after their experiences with war. The book suggests that the meaning youth make of a conflict may protect them from mental harm. For example, Palestinian teens who were actively engaged in the first Intifada have fared better than Bosnian teens who were virtual sitting ducks to the sniper and grenade launches of the hidden forces during the siege of Sarajevo. Covering youth involvement in conflicts in Afghanistan, Angola, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, Northern Ireland, Israel/Palestine, and Bosnia, the volume will be of interest to psychologists, sociologists, and political scientists and should be adopted for courses in social psychology, crisis intervention, and international conflict.

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Stefan Arvidsson - Aryan Idols, Indo-European Myth ology as Ideology and Science (2006).jpg

Critically examining the discourse of Indo-European scholarship over the past two hundred years, Aryan Idols demonstrates how the interconnected concepts of “Indo-European” and “Aryan” as ethnic categories have been shaped by, and used for, various ideologies.
Stefan Arvidsson traces the evolution of the Aryan idea through the nineteenth century—from its roots in Bible-based classifications and William Jones’s discovery of commonalities among Sanskrit, Latin, and Greek to its use by scholars in fields such as archaeology, anthropology, folklore, comparative religion, and history. Along the way, Arvidsson maps out the changing ways in which Aryans were imagined and relates such shifts to social, historical, and political processes. Considering the developments of the twentieth century, Arvidsson focuses on the adoption of Indo-European scholarship (or pseudoscholarship) by the Nazis and by Fascist Catholics.

A wide-ranging discussion of the intellectual history of the past two centuries, Aryan Idols links the pervasive idea of the Indo-European people to major scientific, philosophical, and political developments of the times, while raising important questions about the nature of scholarship as well.

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Peter A. Clayton - Chronicle of the Pharaohs, The Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt With 350 Illustrations 130 in Col or (1994).jpg

Historia2 - Peter A. Clayton - Chronicle of the Pharaohs, The Reig...Ancient Egypt With 350 Illustrations 130 in Color 1994.jpg

Who was the first king on ancient Egypt and who was the last? Which Egyptian queens ruled in their own right? What do we really know about the 170 or more pharaohs whose names have come down to us?

Chronicle of the Pharaohs is the first book to depict chronologically and in narrative form all the rulers and dynasties of Egypt. From Narmer, who first united lands along the Nile, to Cleopatra 3,000 years later, the history of ancient Egypt is brought vividly to life through the exploits and personalities of her rulers.

Key features of the book include:
• biographical portraits of all the known pharaohs
• timelines throughout, with at-a-glance visual guides to the length of each reign and the overlapping of dynasties;
• datafiles for every pharaoh, listing key information such as royal titles and family relationships;
• cartouches (royal names in hieroglyphs) for each king and queen;
• genealogical tables, lists of main historical events, and special features of subjects that range from the six wives of Rameses the Great to the Exodus;
• Portraits of all the major rulers and specially commissioned cutaway diagrams of royal tombs and monuments.

Here is an essential reference on ancient Egypt that provides an extraordinary visual introduction to the diversity and richness of this fascinating civilization. Museum goers, tourists, students, and everyone interested in the world on ancient Egypt will quickly make the Chronicle their inseparable companion.

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Peter A. Clayton - Chronicle of the Pharaohs, The Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt With 350 Illustrations 130 in Col or (1994).pdf

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Michael Loewe, Edward L. Shaughnessy - The Cambrid ge History of Ancient China, From the Origins of C ivilization to 221 BC (1999).jpg

Historia2 - Michael Loewe, Edward L. Shaughnessy - The Cambridge H...hina, From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC 1999.jpg

The Cambridge History of Ancient China provides a survey of the cultural, intellectual, political, and institutional developments of the pre-imperial period. The four subperiods of Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States, are described on the basis of literary and material sources and the evidence of recently found manuscripts. Chapters on the prehistoric background, the growth of language, and relations with the peoples of Central Asia provide the major context of China's achievements in the 1,500 years under review. The teachings of China's early masters are set alongside what is known of the methods of astonomers, physicians and diviners. A final chapter leads the reader forward to imperial times, as described in the volumes of The Cambridge History of China.

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S.C. George - Jutland to Junkyard (2000).jpg

"I was deeply moved and full of gratitude to my brave officers and crew who had carried out their orders so brilliantly. All these magnificent battleships and destroyers had gone, sunk, once the pride of the German nation. The German fleet had gone to its grave."
REAR-ADMIRAL LUDWIG VON REUTER
ON JUNE 21, 1919, at Scapa Flow in Orkney, one of the most extraordinary events in naval history occurred. To the astonishment of those who witnessed it, the German High Seas Fleet - one of the most powerful in history - began in unison to sink. By late morning, ten battleships, six battlecruisers, eight light cruisers and a host of smaller ships lay on the seabed.
Although at the time the Admiralty stated that salving the ships was an impossibility, from 1924 on, the great battlefleet was, ship by ship, raised and scrapped. Jutland to junkyard is the story of this, the greatest salvage operation of all time. It recounts the extraordinary ingenuity, courage and resourcefulness of the salvagers in the face of extreme odds.

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S.C. George - Jutland to Junkyard (2000).pdf

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Benjamin T. Smith - Pistoleros and Popular Movemen ts, The Politics of State Formation in Postrevolut ionary Oaxaca (2009).jpg

Historia2 - Benjamin T. Smith - Pistoleros and Popular Movements, ...s of State Formation in Postrevolutionary Oaxaca 2009.jpg

The postrevolutionary reconstruction of the Mexican government did not easily or immediately reach all corners of the country. At every level, political intermediaries negotiated, resisted, appropriated, or ignored the dictates of the central government. National policy reverberated through Mexico’s local and political networks in countless different ways and resulted in a myriad of regional arrangements. It is this process of diffusion, politicking, and conflict that Benjamin T. Smith examines in Pistoleros and Popular Movements.

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Benjamin T. Smith - Pistoleros and Popular Movemen ts, The Politics of State Formation in Postrevolut ionary Oaxaca (2009).pdf

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Richard Bodley Scott, Peter Dennis - Eternal Empir e, The Ottomans at War (2000).jpg

"Field of Glory" presents the historical tabletop wargamer with a new, accessible rules set. "Eternal Empire" provides an accessible, detailed gaming companion for the armies of the Ottoman Empire and its enemies. This companion contains a complete historical overview of this powerful empire, an empire which was never overthrown by a foreign power and no usurper succeeded in taking the throne. It includes well-designed, visually stunning and comprehensive army listings, with detailed historical overviews of each army, supporting maps, miniatures photographs and Osprey artwork.

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John Man - The Terra Cotta Army, China's First Emp eror and the Birth of a Nation (2009).jpg

The Terra Cotta Army is one of the greatest archaeological discoveries ever made. Over seven thousand life-size figures of warriors and horses were interred in the mausoleum of the first emperor of China—and each figure was individually carved.

Weaving together history and a first-hand account of his experiences in China, John Man tells the fascinating story of how and why these astonishing figures were created in the third century BC, and how they have become a symbol of China’s history, culture, and society.

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John Man - The Terra Cotta Army, China's First Emp eror and the Birth of a Nation (2009).pdf

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Mark Edward Lewis - The Early Chinese Empires, Qin and Han (2007).jpg

In 221 bc the First Emperor of Qin unified the lands that would become the heart of a Chinese empire. Though forged by conquest, this vast domain depended for its political survival on a fundamental reshaping of Chinese culture. With this informative book, we are present at the creation of an ancient imperial order whose major features would endure for two millennia.

The Qin and Han constitute the "classical period" of Chinese history--a role played by the Greeks and Romans in the West. Mark Edward Lewis highlights the key challenges faced by the court officials and scholars who set about governing an empire of such scale and diversity of peoples. He traces the drastic measures taken to transcend, without eliminating, these regional differences: the invention of the emperor as the divine embodiment of the state; the establishment of a common script for communication and a state-sponsored canon for the propagation of Confucian ideals; the flourishing of the great families, whose domination of local society rested on wealth, landholding, and elaborate kinship structures; the demilitarization of the interior; and the impact of non-Chinese warrior-nomads in setting the boundaries of an emerging Chinese identity.

The first of a six-volume series on the history of imperial China, The Early Chinese Empires illuminates many formative events in China's long history of imperialism--events whose residual influence can still be discerned today.

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Mark Edward Lewis - The Early Chinese Empires, Qin and Han (2007).pdf

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wagnerka9595 napisano 8.08.2020 18:20

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Super chomik! Zapraszam do mnie po wiele świetnych materiałów.

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Uwaga!!! Wszystkie pliki w tym chomiku zostały zamieszczone informacyjnie. Od momentu ściągnięcia na dysk pliki należy usunąć w ciągu 24h. Wykorzystywanie ich w celach komercyjnych jest niezgodne z prawem. Autor chomika nie ponosi żadnej odpowiedzialności za niezgodne z prawem wykorzystywanie zasobów znajdujących się w tym chomiku !!!