This fascinating and important book uses a wealth of contemporary sources to reconstruct the mental world of medieval farmers and, by doing so, argues that there has been a stereotypical interpretation of the middle ages. David Stone overturns the traditional view of medieval countrymen as economically backward and instead reveals that agricultural decision-making was as rational in the fouteenth century as in modern times. Investigating agricultural mentalities first at a local level and then for England as a whole, Dr Stone argues that human action shaped the course of the rural economy to a much greater extent than has hitherto been appreciated, and challenges the commonly held view that the medieval period was dominated by ecological and economic crises. Focusing in particular on responses to commercial forces and the adoption of agricultural technology, this book has significant implications for our understanding of agricultural development throughout the last thousand years.

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David Stone - Decision-Making in Medieval Agricult ure (2005).pdf

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Maps Of The Late Medieval Period 1300 - 1500 A D.jpg

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6,5 MB
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Maps Of The Late Medieval Period 1300 - 1500 A D.pdf

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Gertie Englund - Middle Egyptian, An Introduction (1988).jpg

The book presents a short introduction to the Egyptian language.

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59,0 MB
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Gertie Englund - Middle Egyptian, An Introduction (1988).pdf

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81 KB
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Jeffrey Richards - The Ancient World on the Victor ian and Edwardian Stage (2009).jpg

The first study of the depictions of the Ancient World on the Victorian and Edwardian stage, this book analyzes plays set in and dramatising the histories of Greece, Rome, Egypt, Babylon and the Holy Land. In doing so, it seeks to locate theatre within the wider culture, tracing its links and interaction with other cultural forms.

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Encyclopedia Britannica - The Britannica Guide to the Ideas that Made the Modern World (2008).jpg

Quick and accessible introduction to a moment in history.

In the early years of the twenty-first century, ideas first proposed over two hundred years ago could not be more compelling. The Enlightenment of the seventeenth century in response to upheaval and uncertainty laid the foundation stone for modern society. A vital primer on the philosophers, thinkers, and scientists--including Isaac Newton, John Locke, Voltaire and Spinoza--whose thoughts and ideas created the modern world.

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2,1 MB
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Encyclopedia Britannica - The Britannica Guide to the Ideas that Made the Modern World (2008).pdf

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Lisa Forman Cody - Birthing the Nation, Sex, Scien ce, and the Conception of Eighteenth-Century Brito ns (2005).jpg

How could the professional triumph of man-midwifery and contemporary tales of pregnant men, rabbit-breeding mothers, and meddling midwives in eighteenth-century Britain help construct the emergence of modern corporate and individual identities? By uncovering long-lost tales and artefacts about sexuality, birth, and popular culture, Lisa Forman Cody argues that Enlightenment Britons understood themselves and their relationship to others through their experiences and beliefs about the reproductive body. Birthing the Nation traces two intertwined narratives that shaped eighteenth-century British life: the development of the modern British nation, and the emergence of the male expert as the pre-eminent authority over matters of sexual behaviour, reproduction, and childbirth. By taking seriously contemporary caricatures, jokes, and rumours that used gender, birth, and family to make claims about religious, ethnic and national identity, Cody illuminates an entirely new view of the eighteenth-century public sphere as focused on the bodily and the bizarre. In a monarchy arbitrated by its official religion, regulation of reproduction and childbirth was vital to the very stability of British political authority and the coherence of British culture, challenged as it was by Catholicism, the French Revolution, and social change. In the late seventeenth century, the English feared the power of female midwives to control the destiny of the royal family, yet men-midwives and male experts had hardly proved their superiority to manage the successful birth of children. By the mid-eighteenth century, however, male midwives became experts over the domestic world of pregnancy and childbirth, largely replacing female midwives among the middling and elite families. Cody suggests that these new professionals provided a new model for masculine comportment and emergent intimate relationships within the middle-class and elite home. Most surprisingly, Cody has discovered many interconnections between obstetrics and politics, and shows how male experts transformed what had once been the private, feminine domain of birth and midwifery into topics of public importance and universal interest, leading even Adam Smith and Edmund Burke to attend lectures on obstetrical anatomy. This is the first book to place the eighteenth-century shift from female midwives to male midwives as the dominant experts over childbirth in a larger cultural and political context. Cody illuminates how eighteenth-century Britons understood and symbolized political, national, and religious affiliation through the experiences of the body, sex, and birth. In turn, she takes seriously how the political arguments and rhetoric of the age were not always made on disembodied, rational terms, but instead referenced deep cultural beliefs about gender, reproduction, and the family.

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7,2 MB
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Lisa Forman Cody - Birthing the Nation, Sex, Scien ce, and the Conception of Eighteenth-Century Brito ns (2005).pdf

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Uniformology CD-2004-09 - Imperial German Army 189 6-1914 vol II (2004).jpg

Mounted troops of the Imperial German Army 1914; Schirmerr's Imperial German Army 1913 (taken from the original hand colored printts done in the early 1960's); Imperial German Kettle Drummers 1913.

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90,3 MB
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Uniformology CD-2004-09 - Imperial German Army 189 6-1914 vol II (2004).pdf

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John Middleton, Joseph C. Miller - New Encyclopedi a of Africa, 5 Vol. Set (2007).jpg

This substantial expansion and reworking of the classic Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara (1997) covers the entire continent, from the Europe-facing shores of the Mediterranean to the commercial bustle of Cape Town. The set addresses the entire history of African cultures from the pharaohs and the ancient civilizations of the south through the colonial era to the emergence of 53 independent countries, some of them, like Nigeria, newly emergent in world commerce and others deep in conflict (Sudan, Liberia, Congo). The NEA treats today’s African peoples not as the obscure “other” of a “Dark Continent” but as actors on a world stage where issues of global development, the AIDS crisis, and international terrorism play out across a map where indigenous cultures continue to function beneath an imperfect European overlay of “national states.” Anthropology, geography, history, and cultural studies by an international team of more than 600 distinguished Africanists (including over 150 from Africa and the African Diaspora) show us Africa—as seen by Africans themselves.

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Jacques Le Goff, Nicolas Truong - Historia ciała w Średniowieczu (2006).jpg

Przedmiotem książki Jacques'a Le Goffa i Nicolasa Truonga jest pojmowanie i traktowanie ludzkiego ciała w średniowieczu. Z jednej strony ciało stanowiło przedmiot pogardy i było potępiane. Z drugiej zaś ówczesny Kościół nadał mu rangę niezwykłą ? wcielenie Jezusa stanowiło zasadniczy wymiar historii zbawienia. W tamtym czasie ciało miało także wymiar metaforyczny; ciało to Kościół, wspólnota wiernych. To przechodzenie z jednej skrajności w drugą wyznacza miejsce ciała w średniowiecznej wyobraźni i rzeczywistości. Ciało ma więc swoją historię.

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Bill Bowler, Lesley Thompson - Timesaver, British History Highlights (2006).jpg

Timesaver British History Highlights presents aspects of British history. As with all topic-based approaches, the materials provide learners with texts and activities that inform them about things they didn't know before in their own language. They also provide teachers with rewarding lessons involving minimal preparation.
The book is divided into thirteen topics and a quiz unit. The topics are listed for easy reference on the contents pages (pages 2-3). Within each topic there are three varied sub-topic lessons at different levels.

From authors: "History is not the past, it is a retelling of the past, and the storyteller's point of view is inevitably coloured by a) the time the story is retold; b) the place the storyteller comes from; and c) the storyteller's personal views (influenced by education, family background, and gender). The historical highlights (and dramatic lowpoints!) in this book are a modern -and hopefully balanced -British view of past events. We have included personal project suggestions so students can research and present a different side of a particular story if they want to. (The projects are perfect for a 'portfolio' approach to language teaching tool) Ignorance of another country's heritage and culture often leads to unthinking prejudice. Knowledge should bring with it more thoughtful tolerance. We hope the stories in this book help to explain why Britain and the British are like they are today!"

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Chiu Hsin-Hui - The Colonial 'Civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa, 1624-1662 (2008).jpg

This book studies the dynamic encounter between Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples (the Formosans), the Dutch VOC and Chinese settlers between 1624 and 1662. From the viewpoint of indigenous agency, the author offers a comprehensive picture of the Taiwanese colonial 'civilizing process' under Dutch rule. Using so far unexplored source materials from the VOC archives, the author shows how Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples shaped their own colonial reality while retreating from 'the Age of Aboriginal Taiwan'.

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4,2 MB
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Chiu Hsin-Hui - The Colonial 'Civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa, 1624-1662 (2008).pdf

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David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone - Exploring Anci ent Skies, A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astron omy, 2nd Edition (2011).jpg

Historia21 - David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone - Exploring Ancient...y of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy, 2nd Edition 2011.jpg

Exploring Ancient Skies brings together the methods of archaeology and the insights of modern astronomy to explore the science of astronomy as it was practiced in various cultures prior to the invention of the telescope. The book reviews an enormous and growing body of literature on the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, the Far East, and the New World (particularly Mesoamerica), putting the ancient astronomical materials into their archaeological and cultural contexts. The authors begin with an overview of the field and proceed to essential aspects of naked-eye astronomy, followed by an examination of specific cultures. The book concludes by taking into account the purposes of ancient astronomy: astrology, navigation, calendar regulation, and (not least) the understanding of our place and role in the universe. Skies are recreated to display critical events as they would have appeared to ancient observers--events such as the supernova of 1054 A.D., the "lion horoscope," and the Star of Bethlehem. Exploring Ancient Skies provides a comprehensive overview of the relationships between astronomy and other areas of human investigation. It will be useful as a reference for scholars and as a text for students in both astronomy and archaeology, and will be of compelling interest to readers who seek a broad understanding of our collective intellectual history.

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22,3 MB
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David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone - Exploring Anci ent Skies, A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astron omy, 2nd Edition (2011).pdf

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Carl Stephenson; - Medieval Feudalism (1965).jpg

Carl Stephenson's essay sets out with luminous clarity the structure of power in European society during the medieval period. Not only does the author set out the political structure of feudalism clearly and concisely, but also its economic and historical origins, and he brings to life feudalism's social and cultural consequences. As valuable as the information in the book is to those interested in the book's immediate subject, the book is also important as a model of brilliant expository writing.That it is still in print after over fifty years is a testament to its staying power. It is now time for its broader audience to find it.

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4,4 MB
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Carl Stephenson; - Medieval Feudalism (1965).pdf

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Douglas Palmer - Earth Time, Exploring the Deep Pa st from Victorian England to the Grand Canyon (200 5).jpg

The story of the Earth is one that has developed far beyond the traditional Biblical view of events, to the realm of high science and complex analysis. But still questions remain about the age and structure of the earth.

Expert geologist Douglas Palmer examines the extraordinary story of mankind???s quest to uncover the history of the Earth and introduces us to the host of eccentric characters that have paved the way to our current understanding. The Earth???s rocks have divulged startling information about a 4.54 billion year history filled with earthquakes, floods, asteroid collisions and stark climate changes, but the route to enlightenment has been far from straightforward and many questions remain unanswered.

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Douglas Palmer - Earth Time, Exploring the Deep Pa st from Victorian England to the Grand Canyon (200 5).pdf

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Gale - U.X.L. Encyclopedia of World Mythology (200 9).jpg

A culture's mythology is more than just a collection of stories and characters. When students examine myths in classes across the curriculum or when myths and heroes come up in everyday life, they act as a window into the beliefs and values of ancient civilizations. This new five-volume set from U·X·L will help students with the plot points, the historical context, and the mythological allusions they need to fully understand how mythologies not only reflect cultures of old but also remain meaningful in society today.

Entry topics include:

* Gods and goddesses
* Heroes and other key characters
* Motifs and global themes
* Major myths
* National or cultural mythologies

Coverage spans a diversity of cultures, including standard Greek/Roman entries as well as Native North and South American traditions, Norse mythology, Asian Pacific mythology, Judeo-Christian tradition, and Islamic and Hindu mythologies. Full-color inserts for each volume enhance the reader's understanding of the text.

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Jacques Le Goff - Medieval Civilisation (Maps) (19 88).jpg

This is a one thousand-year history of the civilization of western Europe. Part one is a narrative account of the entire period, from the barbarian settlement of Roman Europe from the 5th to the 7th centuries to the war-torn crises of Christian Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. Part two analyzes the origins of early medieval ideas of culture and religion, the constraints of time and space in a pre-industrial world and the Christianization of society. It concludes with a reconstruction of the lives and sensibilities of the people during this period.

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Jacques Le Goff - Święty Ludwik (2001).jpg

Wydawca książki znakomitego francuskiego mediewisty Jacquesa Le Goffa pt. "Święty Ludwik" promuje owo dzieło, jako opowieść o "najmniej znanym z wielkich królów średniowiecznej Francji".

Stwierdzenie to wywoła oburzenie niejednego miłośnika średniowiecza: jak to, Ludwik Święty, o którym wiemy tak wiele, który stanowił inspirację nie tylko dla historyków, ale także poetów, religioznawców i teologów, najmniej znanym królem? Otóż to - Le Goff, w swym obszernym dziele, udowadnia, że Ludwik IX, władca, który wsławił się organizowaniem wypraw krzyżowych i niezwykłą nawet jak na tamte czasy religijnością, jest postacią zasnutą gęstą mgłą tajemnicy. W jednym z wywiadów, jakie pojawiły się po francuskiej publikacji "Świętego Ludwika", wybitny historyk stwierdził: "przez pewien czas miałem wątpliwości, czy Ludwik IX w ogóle istniał"! - Artur Górski

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Jacques Le Goff - W kręgu codzienności - Człowiek średniowiecza (2000).jpg

Le Goff zrehabilitował średniowiecze, uważane przez jego poprzedników za mroczny i posępny epizod Historii. Ukazał jego "inny" obraz. Wskazał, że średniowiecze tętniło życiem - był to okres, w którym kształtowało się nowoczesne społeczeństwo. Le Goff dowodzi, że średniowiecze uformowało swoją własną cywilizację, różną zarówno od starożytności Greko-Romańskiej jak i świata nowożytnego. Le Goff zakwestionował trafność samej nazwy okresu średniowiecza i jego chronologię wskazując na osiągnięcia i zmienność w jego obrębie. W szczególności zwrócił uwagę na tak zwane Odrodzenie XII wieku. Jako agnostyk Le Goff zajmuje stanowisko pośrednie pomiędzy krytykami i apologetami wieków średnich.

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Rosamond McKitterick - The ''Times'' Medieval Worl d (2003).jpg

From the Islamic expansion into the Middle East, North Africa and Europe to the European discovery of the Americas, "The Times Medieval World" covers a period of cultural vibrancy and political diversity. Far from being a homogeneous world of knights and castles, the medieval world saw a multitude of contrasting, and often competing, cultures, many of which laid crucial foundation stones for the building of modern societies. The book covers nearly a millennium of one of the most formative phases in history: its geographical scope is vast, treating all major cultures outside the Americas. The Arab invasions of Europe, the empire of Charlemagne, the African kingdoms of Songhay and Mali, the Crusades, the Viking and Mongol invasions, the Delhi sultanate and the T'ang and Ming empires are just a few of the subjects covered in the book's 80 spreads. Cultural and economic trends such as the spread of literacy and the growth of towns take their place alongside the formation of kingdoms and the march of armies to form a comprehensive history of the Middle Ages.

About the Author
Rosamond McKitterick is Professor of Early Medieval History at Cambridge. She is a specialist in the Frankish kingdoms in the 8th and 9th centuries and has published numerous books, including The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987 and The Frankish Kings and culture in the early Middle Ages. She is editor of the New Cambridge Medieval History (vol II).

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Rosamond McKitterick - The ''Times'' Medieval Worl d (2003).pdf

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