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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
	@ Fizyka. Serie
	@ Matematyka. Serie
	_ Astronomia
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	_ Clayden i in - Chemia organiczna + rozwiązania
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	♥ Matematyka
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	2. NOWOŻYTNOŚĆ (DO 1795)
	Aleksander Paroń - Pieczyngowie (Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN 2015)
	algorithms
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	Teofilakt Simokatta - Historia powszechna (Anna Kotłowska, Łukasz Różycki)
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3,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Paul B. Miller , Paul B. Miller - From Revolutiona ries to Citizens, Antimilitarism in France, 1870-1 914 (2001).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Alun Munslow, Barry Youngerman - Deconstructing H istory (1997).jpg

In Deconstructing History, Alan Munslow examines history in the postmodern age, pring an introduction to the topics and debates inherent in a postmodern approach to history.
Detailing both empiricist and deconstruction issues and considering the arguments of both schools, Munslow debates the position that not only is history defined as the textual product of historians but also that narrative may pre the textual model for the past itself. An examination of the character of historical evidence and an exploration of the role of historians as well as a discussion of the failure of traditional historical models is included. Munslow maps the controversies involved in and assesses the merits of the deconstructionist position, arguing that instead of beginning with past events themselves, history begins with representations of the past.

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1,4 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Alun Munslow, Barry Youngerman - Deconstructing H istory (1997).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Ernest Volkman - Science Goes to War, The Search f or the Ultimate Weapon--from Greek Fire to Star Wa rs (2002).jpg

All History - Ernest Volkman - Science Goes to War, The Search for ...he Ultimate Weapon--from Greek Fire to Star Wars 2002.jpg

"It was a thing blameworthy, shameful and barbarous, worthy of severe punishment before God and Man, to wish to bring to perfection an art damageable to one’s neighbor and destructive to the human race."
This anguished statement from the fifteenth-century Italian mathematician known as Tartaglia, who created the science of ballistics, might have come from any one of thousands of brilliant scientists who, throughout history, have applied their genius to the art of war. Every advance in weaponry from the bronze sword to the stealth bomber has been the product of science, and it is likely that without the pressure of war, science as we know it would not exist.
Science Goes to War examines the moral dilemmas, knotty technological problems, and pragmatic necessities that have punctuated the inseparable histories of science and warfare. This remarkably comprehensive volume recounts the 4,000-year quest for the ultimate weapon and reveals how this eternal arms race has both exploited and contributed to "pure" science. Highlights among the many compelling stories in Science Goes to War include:
* Archimedes and the defense of Syracuse
* Galileo and the first military R&D laboratory
* Emperor Meiji and the technological transformation of Japan
* The Manhattan Project

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1,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Ernest Volkman - Science Goes to War, The Search f or the Ultimate Weapon--from Greek Fire to Star Wa rs (2002).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Miriam T. Stark - Archaeology of Asia (2005).jpg

This introduction to the archaeology of Asia focuses on case studies from the region’s last 10,000 years of history. Comprising fifteen chapters written by some of the world’s foremost Asia archaeologists, the book sheds light on many of the most compelling aspects of Asian archaeology, from the earliest plant and animal domestication to the emergence of states and empires from Pakistan to North China. In particular, the contributors explore issues of cross-cultural significance, such as migration, ethnicity, urbanism, and technology, challenging readers to think beyond national and regional boundaries. In doing so, they draw on original research data and synthesize work previously unavailable to western readers.
The volume as a whole offers new insights into the archaeology of Asia and encourages western scholars to pay more attention to the continent in their studies of human origins, evolution, and history.

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5,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Miriam T. Stark - Archaeology of Asia (2005).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Alan Schom - One Hundred Days, Napoleon's Road to Waterloo (1993).jpg

On February 26, 1815, Napoleon, exiled Emperor of France--now dressed in a simple green uniform as Colonel of the Grenadiers--stepped aboard the brig L'Inconstant to the wildly enthusiastic cheers of his Elban subjects. Three days later, having barely avoided a British warship and a French naval vessel loyal to the Crown, the L'Inconstant traded the white flag of Elba for the French Tricolor as the rocky coast of the Cap d'Antibes came into view. With his return to French soil, accompanied only by a small force of one thousand men, Napoleon had set into motion the momentous events that would, over the next one hundred days, propel Europe once again into total war, ending only with the routing at Waterloo of the seemingly invincible Grande Armee, and Napoleon's final exile on St. Helena.
In One Hundred Days, Alan Schom offers us an epic tale of intrigue, high drama, and ultimate tragedy. By turns harrowing and exhilarating--and always charged with an undercurrent of impending doom--One Hundred Days is nothing less than the definitve account of Napoleon's final campaign, told with the characteristic panache of one of our premier narrative historians. Landing unopposed near Cannes, Napoleon and his tiny army began their march through a hostile countryside impoverished by years of war, famine, and conscription. But gradually, thanks mainly to the Emperor's legendary charisma, thousands of men joined his ranks, swelling the force to nearly 20,000 soldiers. By the time these impressive columns reached Paris, Louis XVIII had fled the city and only crowds and parades remained to greet Napoleon's seemingly inevitable return to power. But fate was against him this time: the allies, stunned by what appeared to be a remarkable reversal of fortune, were already on the move. All roads now led to Waterloo.
Besides being a lively and detailed look at Napoleon's final months as one of the most feared--and revered--men in Europe, One Hundred Days also offers vivid portraits of the many complex and fascinating personalities who surrounded him. Schom has mined a rich trove of little-known diaries, memoirs, military dispatches, and letters to allow this diverse cast of characters, whenever possible, to speak for themselves. He brings to life in compelling fashion all of Napoleon's generals, his enemies, his ministers, even the common soldiers who fought in the apocalyptic showdown in Belgium. And, of course, there is the omnipresent, titanic figure of Napoleon himself, readying the invasion, mustering troops, and, amid the frenzy and confusion of the final battle, coming to the agonizing realization that all was over. "We have taken Napoleon's hat," wrote Metternich to his daughter a few days after Waterloo, "It is to be hoped that we will now end in capturing the man himself." Within a month, the defeated Emperor was aboard the English frigate Bellerophon bound for exile, and thus dropped, in Marshal Ney's words, "the final curtain of the Napoleonade."
More than an account of one of the formative events in modern European history, this book adds a human dimension to a story that has, over the years, assumed mythic proportions.

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6,4 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Alan Schom - One Hundred Days, Napoleon's Road to Waterloo (1993).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Michael Jordan - Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses (2004).jpg

An essential collection of more than 2,500 deities of the world. For more than 60,000 years, people have worshiped deities of the sun, sky, and sea, as well as creator gods, relying on the guidance of faith in the midst of the mysterious world around them. Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition provides access to more than 2,500 of these religious figures, from ancient Sumerian gods through the modern Haitian deities. roviding a plethora of information from cultures as diverse as the Aztecs, Celts, and Japanese, this dictionary discusses lesser-known divinities as well as the contemporary gods of the major monotheistic religions - Allah, God, and Yahweh, among others. New features, including cross-references and a comprehensive index, make this revised edition more accessible than ever. Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition is an indispensable resource perfect for general readers interested in mythology and religion, as well as scholars in religious studies, anthropology, history, and archaeology.

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5,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Michael Jordan - Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses (2004).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Catherine E. Karkov - The Ruler Portraits of Anglo -Saxon England (2004).jpg

Between the reign of Alfred in the late ninth century and the arrival of the Normans in 1066, a unique set of images of kingship and queenship was developed in Anglo-Saxon England, images of leadership that centred on books, authorship and learning rather than thrones, sword and sceptres. Focusing on the cultural and historical contexts in which these images were produced, this book explores the reasons for their development, and their meaning and function within both England and early medieval Europe. It explains how and why they differ from their Byzantine and Continental counterparts, and what they reveal about Anglo-Saxon attitudes towards history and gender, as well as the qualities that were thought to constitute a good ruler. It is argued that this series of portraits, never before studied as a corpus, creates a visual genealogy equivalent to the textual genealogies and regnal lists that are so much a feature of late Anglo-Saxon culture. As such they are an important part of the way in which the kings and queens of early medieval England created both their history and their kingdom. CATHERINE E. KARKOV is Professor of Art, Affiliate in History and Women's Studies Departments, Miami University.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Catherine E. Karkov - The Ruler Portraits of Anglo -Saxon England (2004).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Charles Carton - Going to the Wars, The Experience of the British Civil Wars 1638-1651 (1994).jpg

Now available in paperback, Going to the Wars studies the British Civil War as a military experience. It is not a traditional campaign history, a political history of the war, or an analysis of weapons, organization, supply or tactics. Rather Charles Carlton explains how men prepared for combat, how they fought battles and endured sieges. Others also endured the horrors of war and the book pays special attention to those often excluded from a military panorama: women, children and prisoners of war. Combining extensive research in primary sourses with the work of the new military historians such as John Keegan and Richard Holmes, Carlton provides a fresh look at the event once described by G.M. Trevelyan as the most important happening in British history.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Charles Carton - Going to the Wars, The Experience of the British Civil Wars 1638-1651 (1994).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Danian Hu - China and Albert Einstein, The Recepti on of the Physicist and His Theory in China, 1917- 1979 (2005).jpg

All History - Danian Hu - China and Albert Einstein, The Reception ...the Physicist and His Theory in China, 1917-1979 2005.jpg

China and Albert Einstein is the first extensive study in English or Chinese of China's reception of the celebrated physicist and his theory of relativity. Tracing the influence of Jesuit missionaries in the seventeenth century and Western missionaries and educators in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as they introduced key concepts of Western physical science and paved the way for Einstein's radical new ideas, Danian Hu shows us that Chinese receptivity was fostered by the trickle of Chinese students sent abroad for study beginning in the mid-nineteenth century and by the openness of the May Fourth Movement (1916-1923).
In a series of biographical studies of Chinese physicists, Hu describes the Chinese assimilation of relativity and explains how Chinese physicists offered arguments and theories of their own. Hu's account concludes with the troubling story of the fate of foreign ideas such as Einstein's in the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), when the theory of relativity was denigrated along with Einstein's ideas on democracy and world peace.
China and Albert Einstein is an important contribution to Einstein studies and a landmark work in the history of Chinese science.

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15 lip 18 15:18

Danian Hu - China and Albert Einstein, The Recepti on of the Physicist and His Theory in China, 1917- 1979 (2005).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Edward D. English - Encyclopedia Of The Medieval W orld (2 Volume) (2005).jpg

The Complete History of This Exciting Period—in One Comprehensive Reference The Middle Ages fascinates scholars and laypeople alike. The period has been romanticized

Book News Annotation:
High school and undergraduate students as well as general readers will find this two-volume reference a useful starting point to their study of the medieval era in Europe and the Mediterranean. The entries are detailed, providing lengthy treatment of the life of the figure, or the era, noting the significant political events and people. The entries are cross referenced and conclude with a bibliography of scholarly sources. Care has been taken to include essential figures and concepts of Islam. A selection of entry topics--including Edessa, Eleanor of Aquitaine, eschatology, al- Farabi, furs and fur trade, al-Fustat, heaven, pallium, parasites, and Theophano--demonstrates the range of subjects. English teaches history at the U. of California, Santa Barbara.

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29,4 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Edward D. English - Encyclopedia Of The Medieval W orld (2 Volume) (2005).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Masters - Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire (2009).jpg

All History - Gbor goston, Bruce Masters - Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire 2009.jpg

"The Ottoman Turks, a displaced people forced into northwestern Asia Minor in the 13th century by invading Mongols, founded one of the largest empires in world history. Their strategic geographic position, military conquests, and visionary leaders all contributed to the development of the Ottoman regime as a formidable force. The Ottomans maintained control of their Eurasian and North African territories for nearly three centuries. Although the empire was officially abolished in 1923, it remains significant in modern politics and culture; the dynamics and complexity of the present-day Middle East and Balkans cannot be understood without an examination of the history and legacy of the Ottoman Empire."

"The first encyclopedia on the Ottoman Empire available in English, Encyclopedia ofthe Ottoman Empire is the collaborative effort of 90 experts who contributed more than 400 A-to-Z entries that focus on major events, personalities, institutions, and terms. Further readings, approximately 85 black-and-white photographs and maps, cross-references, a chronology, glossary, bibliography, and an index complement the text and give readers an in-depth understanding of the history of the Ottoman Empire."

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14,7 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Masters - Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire (2009).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

George Fox - An Autobiography (2007).jpg

George Fox was born in Fenny Drayton, Leicestershire, in 1624. Apprenticed to a Nottingham shoemaker, Fox developed strong opinions about religion. Fox rebelled against the state control of the Church of England and in 1643 began toured the country giving sermons where he argued that consecrated buildings and ordained ministers were irrelevant to the individual seeking God. Three years later Fox had a divine revelation that inspired him to preach a gospel of brotherly love. Fox formed a group called the Friends of Truth. Later they became known as the Society of Friends. Fox's central dogma was that of the inner light, communicated directly to the individual soul by Christ. George Fox's Journal (1694) describes his visions, his teachings and his frequent imprisonments.

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0,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

George Fox - An Autobiography (2007).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

Iftikhar Malik - The History of Pakistan (2008).jpg

The History of Pakistan explores the rich and intricate past of a highly diverse nation still in the process of determining its own identity. Rooted in the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, shaped by the cultures of both the Middle and Far East, and now predominantly devoted to Islam, Pakistan has emerged as a unique Indo-Muslim community, viewed with caution and curiosity by the rest of the world. In this latest volume of Greenwood's History of Modern Nations series, readers discover the foundations of modern Pakistan, from its earliest empires and shared history with India to the coming of Islam and its successful fight for independence in 1947. This highly informative guide also examines the key issues and attitudes guiding Pakistan today: their volatile feud with India over the region of Kashmir and the right to nuclear development, internal debates over the role of Islam in Pakistani society, and the unbreakable dominance of the military in political affairs. Poised between a radically changing India and the politically unstable Middle East, Pakistan is an important nation to understand as it determines its course in rapidly a changing world.

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2,2 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

Iftikhar Malik - The History of Pakistan (2008).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

John D. Speth - The Paleoanthropology and Archaeol ogy of Big-Game Hunting, Protein, Fat, or Politics (2010).jpg

All History - John D. Speth - The Paleoanthropology and Archaeology...y of Big-Game Hunting, Protein, Fat, or Politics 2010.jpg

Since its inception, paleoanthropology has been closely wedded to the idea that big-game hunting by our hominin ancestors arose, first and foremost, as a means for acquiring energy and vital nutrients. This assumption has rarely been questioned, and seems intuitively obvious—meat is a nutrient-rich food with the ideal array of amino acids, and big animals pre meat in large, convenient packages. Through new research, the author of this volume pres a strong argument that the primary goals of big-game hunting were actually social and political—increasing hunter’s prestige and standing—and that the nutritional component was just an added bonus.
Through a comprehensive, interdisciplinary research approach, the author examines the historical and current perceptions of protein as an important nutrient source, the biological impact of a high-protein diet and the evidence of this in the archaeological record, and pres a compelling reexamination of this long-held conclusion. This volume will be of interest to researchers in Archaeology, Evolutionary Biology, and Paleoanthropology, particularly those studying diet and nutrition.

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6,9 MB
15 lip 18 15:18

John D. Speth - The Paleoanthropology and Archaeol ogy of Big-Game Hunting, Protein, Fat, or Politics (2010).pdf

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15 lip 18 15:18

L. A. Botelho - Old Age and the English Poor Law, 1500-1700 (2004).jpg

Old Age and the English Poor Law, 1500-1700 explores the virtually unknown world of the aged poor in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. It asks a question of national significance - how the elderly poor managed to survive in a pre-industrial economy - but answers it at the level of the village. Through a comparison of two Suffolk villages, the many factors that make up the experience of old age (status, health, wealth, and local culture) are fully recognised, acknowledged, and factored into the interpretation. Botelho argues that the key to survival for these individuals was their own efforts, over and above that of a weekly pension. In other words, even for the aged, if one did not work, one did not eat.

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15 lip 18 15:18

L. A. Botelho - Old Age and the English Poor Law, 1500-1700 (2004).pdf

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300 KB
15 lip 18 15:18

Osprey - Warrior 143 - Fergus Cannan - Galloglass 1250-1600, Gaelic Mercenary Warrior (2010).jpg

Galloglass, from the Gaelic galloglaigh for 'foreign warriors', were mercenaries from the Western Isles of Scotland who fought in the retinues of Irish magnates from the mid-13th century until the early 17th century. This work looks at the clan and family structures of the galloglass, their performance in battle, their weapons and armor and how these were made and by whom. The unique fighting skills and tactics of the galloglass are also studied, as well as how they were organized on the battlefield and their command structures and systems of rank.

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