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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
	@ Fizyka. Serie
	@ Matematyka. Serie
	_ Astronomia
	_ Chemia. Organiczna
	_ Clayden i in - Chemia organiczna + rozwiązania
	_ Fizyka. Akustyka
	_ Fizyka. Mechanika
	_ Fizyka. Spektroskopia
	_ Matematyka. Topologia
	_ Teoria obwodów
	_ Wielka historia Polski. Pinnex
	♥ Matematyka
	0 OGÓLNE
	2. NOWOŻYTNOŚĆ (DO 1795)
	Aleksander Paroń - Pieczyngowie (Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN 2015)
	algorithms
	All About History
	All History
	All History(1)
	Ancient Egypt
	Ancient Egypt(1)
	ANCIENT_EGYPT_1
	ANCIENT_EGYPT_2
	Antyk
	Antyk(1)
	Antyk(2)
	Architects, World Architects and Architecture History
	ARMS AND ARMOUR
	Art History 1
	Art History 1(1)
	ATLAS BIBLIJNY
	ATLAS BIBLIJNY - cz2
	Atlas Fryderyka V 1723-66
	Avalon
	Avalon(1)
	Batalie i wodzowie wszechczasów
	Bazylow - Siedmiogród a Polska
	Biochemia
	biologia molekularna
	Bitwy świata
	Bizantyńskie malarstwo tablicowe
	Books
	Brydż - programy
	Calculus
	Cambridge Ancient History
	CELTOWIE
	Chaos i Fraktale
	Chemia i matematyka
	Chemia. Organiczna
	Complex Analysis
	Conan Doyle
	CsCa
	Cypr
	D.Watkin Historia architektury zachodniej
	Daleki i Bliski Wschód - literatura
	Daleki i Bliski Wschód - literatura(1)
	Daleki i Bliski Wschód - literatura(2)
	Differential Equations
	Dokumenty
	dookoła świata
	eBooki
	Egipt
	Encyklopedie, leksykony, słowniki historyczne i geograficzne
	encyklopedie,słow niki
	Ewa Wipszycka, Benedetto Bravo - Historia starożytnych Greków (tom III - okres hellenistyczny)(w yd. 2 popr. 2010)
	Ewa Wipszycka, Benedetto Bravo, Marek Węcowski, Aleksander Wolicki - Historia starożytnych Greków (tom II - okres klasyczny)(wyd. II - Wydawnictwo UW, 2009)
	EWOLUCJA ŚWIATA I CZŁOWIEKA
	Filipczak-kocur - Skarb koronny za Władysława IV
	Fizyka
	Fizyka(1)
	Fizyka(2)
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	Fizyka. Resnick Halliday Walker
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	Focus Historia 2015
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	Geologia Książki
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	Great Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt - Bob Brier
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	Grecja - 4,5 GB
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	heloiza i abelard - regina pernoud
	Hermann Haken, Hans Christoph Wolf - Atomy i kwanty
	HISTORIA BIBLII
	HISTORIA BIBLII(1)
	Historia chrzescijanstwa
	HISTORIA CHRZEŚCIJAŃSTWA - OD ŚWIĘTEGO PIOTRA DO ŚWIĘTEGO JANA PAWŁA II
	Historia Kościoła
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	Historia Świata - wyd. Larousse
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	Historia, archeologia i pokrewne(1)
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	Ibn al Atir- Kompletna księga historii. Z czynów sułtana Saladyna
	ISLAM - HISTORIA - SZTUKA I ARCHITEKTURA - HQ
	Japonia od czasów najdawniejszych do dzisiaj - John Whitney Hall - wyd. I - 1979
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	Karpowicz M., Sztuka polska XVII wieku
	Karpowicz M., Sztuka polska XVIII wieku
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	Książki z matmy ;D
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	Labuda Gerard, historia
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	Liturgika Nadolski
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	MAl_Linear algebra
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	matematyka ebooki ENG
	Materiałoznawstwo . Wytrzymałość
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	Nietolerancja i zabobon w Polsce w XVII i XVIII w. - B. Baranowski, W. Lewandowski - wyd. II - 1987
	Normalne - Egipt
	Nowe zagadki archeologii - Luc Bürgin - wyd. I - 2003
	NUMIZMATYKA
	OBRAZY - mega kolekcja 7CD !!!
	od Klemensa Wernera
	olimpijskie zbiory zadań kółko matematyczne dla olimpijczyków
	olimpijskie zbiory zadań kółko matematyczne dla olimpijczyków(1)
	Ornament
	Pamięć, Smutek I Cierń (m76)
	Pamietniki Milerowe do panowania Stefana Batorego
	PAp_Astrophysics
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	PD_Dynamical systems
	Pernoud - Templariusze
	Pierwszy Amerykanin. Zagadka studiów prekolumbijskich - C.W. Ceram - wyd. I - 1977
	Pindar - Ody zwycięskie (olimpijskie, pytyjskie, nemejskie, istmijskie)(tł. i kom. Mieczysław Brożek)(Wydawnict wo Literackie 1987)
	Pirotechnika
	Pisma prekolumbijskie - różne
	Pliniusz Starszy
	Podręczniki Politechnika Warszawska PW SiMR
	Podstawy Konstrukcji Maszyn
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	R. Maciszewski - Mity skandynawskie
	religia
	Religioznastwo i tematy powiązane -różności
	Rodowody cywilizacji
	Rosja
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	Rozprawy historyczne Akademii Umiejętności
	Ślady sprzed milionów lat - Michael Baigent - wyd. I - 2000
	SPA2 (hasło SPA2)
	średniowiecze
	Stanisław Grodziski - Habsburgowie
	Starożytność
	Szachy
	Szczęśliwa Arabia - Claudie Fayein - wyd. I - 1988
	Sztuka
	Sztuka i Kultura
	sztuka i nie tylko po angielsku
	Sztuka XVII wieku ziem wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej
	Teofilakt Simokatta - Historia powszechna (Anna Kotłowska, Łukasz Różycki)
	Testimonia najdawniejszych dziejów Słowian. 1989-2009
	The Medieval Islamic Civilization - Collection 6 (Art, Architecture 2)
	Tom 1 - Od Cesarstwa Rzymskiego do roku tysięcznego
	Tom 2 - Od Europy feudalnej do renesansu
	Topologia
	Uklady Dynamiczne
	Układy dynamiczne i równania różniczkowe
	UNESCO History of Civilizations of Central Asia Collection (1996-2005)
	Weisstein E. - CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics
	Wielcy malarze kolekcja
	Wielcy malarze kolekcja(1)
	WIELKA HISTORIA ŚWIATA - tom 1 - 12
	Wielkie bitwy
	Wielkie Bitwy Historii - Osprey
	Wikingowie
	wojna morska
	Wojna Stuletnia
	Wojna_Bitwy
	Wojskowośc Staropolska
	Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations
	Wstęp do teorii funkcji rzeczywistych, Banach
	Wyjątkowe
	Wyprawy Wikingów ,Farley Mowat
	Z zagadnień skandynawskiej sztuki korabniczej wczesnego średniowiecza-M.P rosnak
	zachomikowane
	Zbiory zadań
	Zdzisław Żygulski Junior- Sztuka perska
	Źródła

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Prinke, Sygryda.pdf

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All History(1)

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110 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Encyclopedia Britannica - The Britannica Guide to the Ideas that Made the Modern World (2008).jpg

Quick and accessible introduction to a moment in history.

In the early years of the twenty-first century, ideas first proposed over two hundred years ago could not be more compelling. The Enlightenment of the seventeenth century in response to upheaval and uncertainty laid the foundation stone for modern society. A vital primer on the philosophers, thinkers, and scientists--including Isaac Newton, John Locke, Voltaire and Spinoza--whose thoughts and ideas created the modern world.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Encyclopedia Britannica - The Britannica Guide to the Ideas that Made the Modern World (2008).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Lisa Forman Cody - Birthing the Nation, Sex, Scien ce, and the Conception of Eighteenth-Century Brito ns (2005).jpg

All History1 - Lisa Forman Cody - Birthing the Nation, Sex, Science...nd the Conception of Eighteenth-Century Britons 2005.jpg

How could the professional triumph of man-midwifery and contemporary tales of pregnant men, rabbit-breeding mothers, and meddling midwives in eighteenth-century Britain help construct the emergence of modern corporate and individual identities? By uncovering long-lost tales and artefacts about sexuality, birth, and popular culture, Lisa Forman Cody argues that Enlightenment Britons understood themselves and their relationship to others through their experiences and beliefs about the reproductive body. Birthing the Nation traces two intertwined narratives that shaped eighteenth-century British life: the development of the modern British nation, and the emergence of the male expert as the pre-eminent authority over matters of sexual behaviour, reproduction, and childbirth. By taking seriously contemporary caricatures, jokes, and rumours that used gender, birth, and family to make claims about religious, ethnic and national identity, Cody illuminates an entirely new view of the eighteenth-century public sphere as focused on the bodily and the bizarre. In a monarchy arbitrated by its official religion, regulation of reproduction and childbirth was vital to the very stability of British political authority and the coherence of British culture, challenged as it was by Catholicism, the French Revolution, and social change. In the late seventeenth century, the English feared the power of female midwives to control the destiny of the royal family, yet men-midwives and male experts had hardly proved their superiority to manage the successful birth of children. By the mid-eighteenth century, however, male midwives became experts over the domestic world of pregnancy and childbirth, largely replacing female midwives among the middling and elite families. Cody suggests that these new professionals provided a new model for masculine comportment and emergent intimate relationships within the middle-class and elite home. Most surprisingly, Cody has discovered many interconnections between obstetrics and politics, and shows how male experts transformed what had once been the private, feminine domain of birth and midwifery into topics of public importance and universal interest, leading even Adam Smith and Edmund Burke to attend lectures on obstetrical anatomy. This is the first book to place the eighteenth-century shift from female midwives to male midwives as the dominant experts over childbirth in a larger cultural and political context. Cody illuminates how eighteenth-century Britons understood and symbolized political, national, and religious affiliation through the experiences of the body, sex, and birth. In turn, she takes seriously how the political arguments and rhetoric of the age were not always made on disembodied, rational terms, but instead referenced deep cultural beliefs about gender, reproduction, and the family.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Lisa Forman Cody - Birthing the Nation, Sex, Scien ce, and the Conception of Eighteenth-Century Brito ns (2005).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Uniformology CD-2004-09 - Imperial German Army 189 6-1914 vol II (2004).jpg

Mounted troops of the Imperial German Army 1914; Schirmerr's Imperial German Army 1913 (taken from the original hand colored printts done in the early 1960's); Imperial German Kettle Drummers 1913.

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90,3 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Uniformology CD-2004-09 - Imperial German Army 189 6-1914 vol II (2004).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

John Middleton, Joseph C. Miller - New Encyclopedi a of Africa, 5 Vol. Set (2007).jpg

This substantial expansion and reworking of the classic Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara (1997) covers the entire continent, from the Europe-facing shores of the Mediterranean to the commercial bustle of Cape Town. The set addresses the entire history of African cultures from the pharaohs and the ancient civilizations of the south through the colonial era to the emergence of 53 independent countries, some of them, like Nigeria, newly emergent in world commerce and others deep in conflict (Sudan, Liberia, Congo). The NEA treats today’s African peoples not as the obscure “other” of a “Dark Continent” but as actors on a world stage where issues of global development, the AIDS crisis, and international terrorism play out across a map where indigenous cultures continue to function beneath an imperfect European overlay of “national states.” Anthropology, geography, history, and cultural studies by an international team of more than 600 distinguished Africanists (including over 150 from Africa and the African Diaspora) show us Africa—as seen by Africans themselves.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Jacques Le Goff, Nicolas Truong - Historia ciała w Średniowieczu (2006).jpg

Przedmiotem książki Jacques'a Le Goffa i Nicolasa Truonga jest pojmowanie i traktowanie ludzkiego ciała w średniowieczu. Z jednej strony ciało stanowiło przedmiot pogardy i było potępiane. Z drugiej zaś ówczesny Kościół nadał mu rangę niezwykłą ? wcielenie Jezusa stanowiło zasadniczy wymiar historii zbawienia. W tamtym czasie ciało miało także wymiar metaforyczny; ciało to Kościół, wspólnota wiernych. To przechodzenie z jednej skrajności w drugą wyznacza miejsce ciała w średniowiecznej wyobraźni i rzeczywistości. Ciało ma więc swoją historię.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Bill Bowler, Lesley Thompson - Timesaver, British History Highlights (2006).jpg

Timesaver British History Highlights presents aspects of British history. As with all topic-based approaches, the materials provide learners with texts and activities that inform them about things they didn't know before in their own language. They also provide teachers with rewarding lessons involving minimal preparation.
The book is divided into thirteen topics and a quiz unit. The topics are listed for easy reference on the contents pages (pages 2-3). Within each topic there are three varied sub-topic lessons at different levels.

From authors: "History is not the past, it is a retelling of the past, and the storyteller's point of view is inevitably coloured by a) the time the story is retold; b) the place the storyteller comes from; and c) the storyteller's personal views (influenced by education, family background, and gender). The historical highlights (and dramatic lowpoints!) in this book are a modern -and hopefully balanced -British view of past events. We have included personal project suggestions so students can research and present a different side of a particular story if they want to. (The projects are perfect for a 'portfolio' approach to language teaching tool) Ignorance of another country's heritage and culture often leads to unthinking prejudice. Knowledge should bring with it more thoughtful tolerance. We hope the stories in this book help to explain why Britain and the British are like they are today!"

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13 gru 18 15:43

Chiu Hsin-Hui - The Colonial 'Civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa, 1624-1662 (2008).jpg

This book studies the dynamic encounter between Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples (the Formosans), the Dutch VOC and Chinese settlers between 1624 and 1662. From the viewpoint of indigenous agency, the author offers a comprehensive picture of the Taiwanese colonial 'civilizing process' under Dutch rule. Using so far unexplored source materials from the VOC archives, the author shows how Taiwan's Indigenous Peoples shaped their own colonial reality while retreating from 'the Age of Aboriginal Taiwan'.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Chiu Hsin-Hui - The Colonial 'Civilizing Process' in Dutch Formosa, 1624-1662 (2008).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone - Exploring Anci ent Skies, A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astron omy, 2nd Edition (2011).jpg

All History1 - David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone - Exploring Ancien... of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy, 2nd Edition 2011.jpg

Exploring Ancient Skies brings together the methods of archaeology and the insights of modern astronomy to explore the science of astronomy as it was practiced in various cultures prior to the invention of the telescope. The book reviews an enormous and growing body of literature on the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, the Far East, and the New World (particularly Mesoamerica), putting the ancient astronomical materials into their archaeological and cultural contexts. The authors begin with an overview of the field and proceed to essential aspects of naked-eye astronomy, followed by an examination of specific cultures. The book concludes by taking into account the purposes of ancient astronomy: astrology, navigation, calendar regulation, and (not least) the understanding of our place and role in the universe. Skies are recreated to display critical events as they would have appeared to ancient observers--events such as the supernova of 1054 A.D., the "lion horoscope," and the Star of Bethlehem. Exploring Ancient Skies provides a comprehensive overview of the relationships between astronomy and other areas of human investigation. It will be useful as a reference for scholars and as a text for students in both astronomy and archaeology, and will be of compelling interest to readers who seek a broad understanding of our collective intellectual history.

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13 gru 18 15:43

David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone - Exploring Anci ent Skies, A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astron omy, 2nd Edition (2011).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Carl Stephenson; - Medieval Feudalism (1965).jpg

Carl Stephenson's essay sets out with luminous clarity the structure of power in European society during the medieval period. Not only does the author set out the political structure of feudalism clearly and concisely, but also its economic and historical origins, and he brings to life feudalism's social and cultural consequences. As valuable as the information in the book is to those interested in the book's immediate subject, the book is also important as a model of brilliant expository writing.That it is still in print after over fifty years is a testament to its staying power. It is now time for its broader audience to find it.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Carl Stephenson; - Medieval Feudalism (1965).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Douglas Palmer - Earth Time, Exploring the Deep Pa st from Victorian England to the Grand Canyon (200 5).jpg

The story of the Earth is one that has developed far beyond the traditional Biblical view of events, to the realm of high science and complex analysis. But still questions remain about the age and structure of the earth.

Expert geologist Douglas Palmer examines the extraordinary story of mankind???s quest to uncover the history of the Earth and introduces us to the host of eccentric characters that have paved the way to our current understanding. The Earth???s rocks have divulged startling information about a 4.54 billion year history filled with earthquakes, floods, asteroid collisions and stark climate changes, but the route to enlightenment has been far from straightforward and many questions remain unanswered.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Douglas Palmer - Earth Time, Exploring the Deep Pa st from Victorian England to the Grand Canyon (200 5).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Gale - U.X.L. Encyclopedia of World Mythology (200 9).jpg

A culture's mythology is more than just a collection of stories and characters. When students examine myths in classes across the curriculum or when myths and heroes come up in everyday life, they act as a window into the beliefs and values of ancient civilizations. This new five-volume set from U·X·L will help students with the plot points, the historical context, and the mythological allusions they need to fully understand how mythologies not only reflect cultures of old but also remain meaningful in society today.

Entry topics include:

* Gods and goddesses
* Heroes and other key characters
* Motifs and global themes
* Major myths
* National or cultural mythologies

Coverage spans a diversity of cultures, including standard Greek/Roman entries as well as Native North and South American traditions, Norse mythology, Asian Pacific mythology, Judeo-Christian tradition, and Islamic and Hindu mythologies. Full-color inserts for each volume enhance the reader's understanding of the text.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Jacques Le Goff - Medieval Civilisation (Maps) (19 88).jpg

This is a one thousand-year history of the civilization of western Europe. Part one is a narrative account of the entire period, from the barbarian settlement of Roman Europe from the 5th to the 7th centuries to the war-torn crises of Christian Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. Part two analyzes the origins of early medieval ideas of culture and religion, the constraints of time and space in a pre-industrial world and the Christianization of society. It concludes with a reconstruction of the lives and sensibilities of the people during this period.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Jacques Le Goff - Święty Ludwik (2001).jpg

Wydawca książki znakomitego francuskiego mediewisty Jacquesa Le Goffa pt. "Święty Ludwik" promuje owo dzieło, jako opowieść o "najmniej znanym z wielkich królów średniowiecznej Francji".

Stwierdzenie to wywoła oburzenie niejednego miłośnika średniowiecza: jak to, Ludwik Święty, o którym wiemy tak wiele, który stanowił inspirację nie tylko dla historyków, ale także poetów, religioznawców i teologów, najmniej znanym królem? Otóż to - Le Goff, w swym obszernym dziele, udowadnia, że Ludwik IX, władca, który wsławił się organizowaniem wypraw krzyżowych i niezwykłą nawet jak na tamte czasy religijnością, jest postacią zasnutą gęstą mgłą tajemnicy. W jednym z wywiadów, jakie pojawiły się po francuskiej publikacji "Świętego Ludwika", wybitny historyk stwierdził: "przez pewien czas miałem wątpliwości, czy Ludwik IX w ogóle istniał"! - Artur Górski

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13 gru 18 15:43

Jacques Le Goff - W kręgu codzienności - Człowiek średniowiecza (2000).jpg

Le Goff zrehabilitował średniowiecze, uważane przez jego poprzedników za mroczny i posępny epizod Historii. Ukazał jego "inny" obraz. Wskazał, że średniowiecze tętniło życiem - był to okres, w którym kształtowało się nowoczesne społeczeństwo. Le Goff dowodzi, że średniowiecze uformowało swoją własną cywilizację, różną zarówno od starożytności Greko-Romańskiej jak i świata nowożytnego. Le Goff zakwestionował trafność samej nazwy okresu średniowiecza i jego chronologię wskazując na osiągnięcia i zmienność w jego obrębie. W szczególności zwrócił uwagę na tak zwane Odrodzenie XII wieku. Jako agnostyk Le Goff zajmuje stanowisko pośrednie pomiędzy krytykami i apologetami wieków średnich.

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13 gru 18 15:43

Rosamond McKitterick - The ''Times'' Medieval Worl d (2003).jpg

From the Islamic expansion into the Middle East, North Africa and Europe to the European discovery of the Americas, "The Times Medieval World" covers a period of cultural vibrancy and political diversity. Far from being a homogeneous world of knights and castles, the medieval world saw a multitude of contrasting, and often competing, cultures, many of which laid crucial foundation stones for the building of modern societies. The book covers nearly a millennium of one of the most formative phases in history: its geographical scope is vast, treating all major cultures outside the Americas. The Arab invasions of Europe, the empire of Charlemagne, the African kingdoms of Songhay and Mali, the Crusades, the Viking and Mongol invasions, the Delhi sultanate and the T'ang and Ming empires are just a few of the subjects covered in the book's 80 spreads. Cultural and economic trends such as the spread of literacy and the growth of towns take their place alongside the formation of kingdoms and the march of armies to form a comprehensive history of the Middle Ages.

About the Author
Rosamond McKitterick is Professor of Early Medieval History at Cambridge. She is a specialist in the Frankish kingdoms in the 8th and 9th centuries and has published numerous books, including The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987 and The Frankish Kings and culture in the early Middle Ages. She is editor of the New Cambridge Medieval History (vol II).

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13 gru 18 15:43

Rosamond McKitterick - The ''Times'' Medieval Worl d (2003).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Stephen T. Driscoll - Picts And Prehistory, Cultur al Resource Management In Early Medieval Scotland (1998).jpg

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13 gru 18 15:43

Stephen T. Driscoll - Picts And Prehistory, Cultur al Resource Management In Early Medieval Scotland (1998).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

David G. Chandler - The Campaigns of Napoleon (197 3).jpg

Napoleonic war was nothing if not complex -- an ever-shifting kaleidoscope of moves and intentions, which by themselves went a long way towards baffling and dazing his conventionally-minded opponents into that state of disconcerting moral disequilibrium which so often resulted in their catastrophic defeat."
The Campaigns of Napoleon is an exhaustive analysis and critique of Napoleon's art of war as he himself developed and perfected it in the major military campaigns of his career. Napoleon disavowed any suggestion that he worked from formula ("Je n'ai jamais eu un plan d'opérations"), but military historian David Chandler demonstrates this was at best only a half-truth. To be sure, every operation Napoleon conducted contained unique improvisatory features. But there were from the first to the last certain basic principles of strategic maneuver and battlefield planning that he almost invariably put into practice. To clarify these underlying methods, as well as the style of Napoleon's fabulous intellect, Mr. Chandler examines in detail each campaign mounted and personally conducted by Napoleon, analyzing the strategies employed, revealing wherever possible the probable sources of his subject's military ideas.
The book opens with a brief account of Bonaparte's early years, his military education and formative experiences, and his meteoric rise to the rank of general in the army of the Directory. Introducing the elements of Napoleonic "grand tactics" as they developed in his Italian, Egyptian, and Syrian campaigns, Mr. Chandler shows how these principles were clearly conceived as early as the Battle of Castiglione, when Napoleon was only twenty -six. Several campaigns later, he was Emperor of France, busily constructing the Grande Armée. This great war machine is described in considerable detail: the composition of the armies and the élite Guard; the staff system and the methods of command; the kind of artillery and firearms used; and the daily life of the Grande Armée and the all-seeing and all-commanding virtuoso who presided over every aspect of its operation in the field.
As the great machine sweeps into action in the campaigns along the Rhine and the Danube, in East Prussia and Poland, and in Portugal and Spain, David Chandler follows closely every move that vindicates -- or challenges -- the legend of Napoleon's military genius. As the major battles take their gory courses -- Austerlitz, Jena, Fried-land -- we see Napoleon's star reaching its zenith. Then, in the Wagram Campaign of 1809 against the Austrians -- his last real success -- the great man commits more errors of judgment than in all his previous wars and battles put together. As the campaigns rage on, his declining powers seem to justify his own statement: "One has but a short time for war." Then the horrors of the Russian campaign forever shatter the image of Napoleonic invincibility. It is thereafter a short, though heroic and sanguinary, road to Waterloo and St. Helena.

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David G. Chandler - The Campaigns of Napoleon (197 3).epub

Napoleon appears most strikingly in these pages as the brilliant applier of the ideas of others rather than as an original military thinker, his genius proving itself more practical than theoretical. Paradoxically, this was both his chief strength and his main weakness as a general. After bringing the French army a decade of victory, his methods became increasingly stereotyped and, even worse, were widely copied by his foes, who operated against him with increasing effectiveness toward the end of his career. Yet even though his enemies attempted to imitate his techniques, as have others in the last century and a half, no one ever equaled his success. As these meticulous campaign analyses testify, his multifaceted genius was unique. Even as the end approached, as David Chandler points out, his eclipse was "the failure of a giant surrounded by pygmies."

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Peter Baehr, Melvin Richter - Dictatorship in Hist ory and Theory, Bonapartism, Caesarism, and Totali tarianism (2004).jpg

All History1 - Peter Baehr, Melvin Richter - Dictatorship in History...ry, Bonapartism, Caesarism, and Totalitarianism 2004.jpg

A distinguished group of historians and political theorists examine the complex relationship between nineteenth-century democracy, nationalism, and authoritarianism, paying especial attention to the careers of Napoleon I and III, and of Bismarck. An important contribution of the book is to consider not only the momentous episodes of coup d'etat, revolution, and imperial foundation which the Napoleonic era heralded, but also the contested political language with which these events were described and assessed. Political thinkers were faced with a battery of new terms - 'Bonapartism', 'Caesarism', and 'Imperialism' among them - with which to make sense of their era. As well as documenting the political history of a revolutionary age, the book examines a series of thinkers - Tocqueville, Marx, Max Weber, Antonio Gramsci, Carl Schmitt, and Hannah Arendt - who articulated and helped to reshare our sense of the political.

Contents:
Part I. Bonapartism to Its Contemporaries: 1. From consulate to empire: impetus and resistance Isser Woloch; 2. The Bonapartes and Germany T. C. W. Blanning; 3. Prussian conservatives and the problem of Bonapartism David E. Barclay; 4. Tocqueville and French nineteenth-century conceptualizations of the two Bonapartes and their empires Melvin Richter; 5. Marx and Brumaire Terrell Carver; 6. Bonapartism as the progenitor of democracy: the paradoxical case of the French Second Empire Sudhir Hazareesingh; Part II. Bonapartism, Caesarism, Totalitarianism: Twentieth-Century Experiences and Reflections: 7. Max Weber and the avatars of Caesarism Peter Baehr; 8. The concept of Caesarism in Gramsci Benedetto Fontana; 9. From constitutional technique to Caesarist ploy: Carl Schmitt on dictatorship, liberalism and emergency powers John P. McCormick; 10. Bonapartist and Gaullist heroic leadership: comparing crisis appeals to an impersonated people Jack Hayward; 11. The leader and the masses: Hannah Arendt on totalitarianism and dictatorship Margaret Canovan; Part III. Ancient Resonances: 12. Dictatorship in Rome Claude Nicolet; 13. From the historical Caesar to the spectre of Caesarism: the imperial administrator as internal threat Arthur M. Eckstein.

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Quentin Skinnerr - Visions of Politics, Volume I, Regarding Method (2002).jpg

The first of three volumes of essays by Quentin Skinner, one of the world's leading intellectual historians. This collection includes some of his most important philosophical and methodological statements written over the past four decades, each carefully revised for publication in this form. In a series of seminal essays Professor Skinner sets forth the intellectual principles that inform his work. Writing as a practising historian, he considers the theoretical difficulties inherent in the pursuit of knowledge and interpretation, and elucidates the methodology which finds its expression in his two successive volumes. All of Professor Skinner's work is characterised by philosophical power, limpid clarity, and elegance of exposition; these essays, many of which are now recognised classics, provide a fascinating and convenient digest of the development of his thought.

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