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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
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10,8 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Ian Forrest - The Detection of Heresy in Late Medi eval England (2005).pdf

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184 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

R. Po-chia Hsia - A Companion to the Reformation W orld (2004).jpg

This volume brings together 29 new essays by leading international scholars, to provide an inclusive overview of recent work in Reformation history. The articles examine the Reformation in its broadest definition, presenting the Catholic Renewal as a continuum of the Protestant Reformation. The essays span the late fifteenth century to the middle of the eighteenth century and they focus on the workings of religious reform in all areas of Latin Christendom and beyond to include Eastern as well as Western Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

Established topics are examined alongside new areas of study, incorporating the latest scholarship and conceptual debates to provide a wide-ranging survey of the state of contemporary Reformation historiography. The book will be the ideal reference for students and professional historians interested in understanding the current concerns and future direction of this field.

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5,0 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

R. Po-chia Hsia - A Companion to the Reformation W orld (2004).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Thomas N. Bisson - The Crisis of the Twelfth Centu ry; Power, Lordship, and the Origins of European G overnment (2008).jpg

All History1 - Thomas N. Bisson - The Crisis of the Twelfth Century...ordship, and the Origins of European Government 2008.jpg

Medieval civilization came of age in thunderous events like the Norman Conquest and the First Crusade. Power fell into the hands of men around castles who imposed coercive new lordships in quest of nobility, heedless of the old public order. In The Crisis of the Twelfth Century, acclaimed historian Thomas Bisson asks what it was like to live in a Europe without government, and he asks how people experienced power, and suffered. Rethinking a familiar history as a problem of origins, he explores the circumstances that impelled knights, emperors, nobles, and churchmen to infuse lordship with social purpose.
Bisson traces the origins of European government to a crisis of lordship and its resolution. King John of England was only the latest and most conspicuous in a gallery of bad lords who dominated the populace instead of ruling it. Men like him had been all too commonplace in the twelfth century. More and more knights pretended to powers and status, encroached on clerical domains and exploited peasants, and came to seem threatening to social order and peace. Yet as Bisson shows, it was not so much the oppressed people as their tormentors who were in crisis. Covering all of Western Christendom, this book suggests what these violent people--and the outcries they provoked--contributed to the making of governments in kingdoms, principalities, and towns.

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13 gru 18 15:43

David Lyon, Rif Winfield - The Sail & Steam Navy L ist; All the Ships of the Royal Navy, 1815-1889 (2 004).jpg

David Lyon's highly regarded Sailing Navy List detailed every Royal Navy warship of the age of sail by era, ship type and class. This book is the much-anticipated follow-up volume. It provides details of design and construction history, technical specifications, and fates for all warships of the important but poorly documented period between 1815 and 1889, which saw the introduction of steam power and the gradual replacement of sail. Extensively illustrated, the new work includes a representative collection of original plans from the little-seen collection at the British National Maritime Museum. In addition, appendixes cover captured, purchased and hired vessels, as well as Coast Guard and packet vessels for which the Royal Navy was responsible. Rif Winfield ably brought this volume to fruition after David Lyon's death in 2000 and their final collaboration is sure to be treasured by historians as well as modelers for its detailed data and diagrams. 200 plans and illustrations.

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257,8 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

David Lyon, Rif Winfield - The Sail & Steam Navy L ist; All the Ships of the Royal Navy, 1815-1889 (2 004).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

David Ivan Rankin - Athenagoras; Philosopher and t heologian (2009).jpg

Athenagoras of Athens was a Christian thinker of the second century who engaged with contemporary philosophical thought in the matters of the divine, and the relationship of that divine to the material world. While clearly a Christian apologist, Athenagoras presents doctrines of God, of the Holy Trinity, and of other theological matters which clearly evidence an engagement with Greek philosophical thought which goes beyond the merely linguistic and embraces the notion of God as true being. Athenagoras is a Church Father who has not been given great attention in twentieth-century and early twenty-first-century scholarship.This book explores Athenagoras' undeniable place in the development of Christian thought on the divine, on the Trinity, on the human person, and on the resurrection. His work provides an important link between the mid-second-century and the work of Justin and that of the third-century Christian theologians of the East.

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5,7 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

David Ivan Rankin - Athenagoras; Philosopher and t heologian (2009) [PDF].zip

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13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey PL - WBH 16 - Charles London - Bitwa Jutlan dzka 1916; Najwększa bitwa morska I wojny światowe j (2010).jpg

All History1 - Osprey PL - WBH 16 - Charles London - Bitwa Jutlandz...a 1916 Najwększa bitwa morska I wojny światowej 2010.jpg

Wiceadmirał Reinhard Scheer dał rozkaz „cała naprzód" z kominów 22 pancerników buchnęły kłęby czarnego dymu. Na przedzie mknęły cztery pancerniki typu JCónig. Dzięki turbinom osiągały prędkość znacznie wyższą niż okręty napędzane silnikami tłokowymi. Gdzieś na przedzie krążowniki liniowe z grupy rozpoznania {Aufklarungsgruppe) wiceadmirała Franza Hippcra toczyły bitwę pościgową z brytyjskimi krążownikami liniowymi i jedną eskadrą drednotów. Była to jedyna w swoim rodzaju okazja, na którą Scheer i jego flota czekali przez całą swoją karierę. Od roku 1914 Niemcy, nic mogąc liczyć na wygraną ze znacznie liczniejszą flotą brytyjską, mieli nadzieję, że uda im się zaskoczyć i zniszczyć eskadrę okrętów brytyjskich operującą samodzielnie. Właśnie teraz była ku temu okazja. Pancerniki niemieckie zaczęły już ostrzeliwać z daleka pancerniki brytyjskie. Brytyjczycy zmienili kurs i ruszyli całą naprzód na północ. Jeden celny strzał zdałby ich na łaskę i niełaskę niemieckiej Floty Pełnomorskiej. Na mostku kapitańskim okrętu flagowego Scheera, pancernika „Friedrich der Grosse", panował nastrój radosnego wyczekiwania.

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13 gru 18 15:43

M. M. Postan - Mediaeval Trade and Finance (2002).jpg

Professor Postan's work on the social and economic history of the Middle Ages has had an enormous influence upon the study of medieval history and upon the development of the subject. His essays represent his major contribution and are a unique and valuable addition to the literature. Twenty-two essays are gathered together into two volumes: Essays on Medieval Agriculture and General Problems of the Medieval Economy and Medieval Trade and Finance. Previously published elsewhere, frequently in obscure places, over a period from 1928 to 1972, they are still used today by students and scholars in all branches of medieval and economic history as well as by social scientists and economists more generally.

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2,3 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

M. M. Postan - Mediaeval Trade and Finance (2002).djvu

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13 gru 18 15:43

Catherine Rider - Magic and Impotence in the Middl e Ages (2006).jpg

Magic and Impotence in the Middle Ages investigates the common medieval belief that magic could cause impotence, focusing particularly on the period 1150-1450. The subject has never been studied in detail before, but there is a surprisingly large amount of information about it in four kinds of source: confessors' manuals; medical compendia that discussed many illnesses; commentaries on canon law; and theological commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Although most historians of medieval culture focus on only one or two of these kinds of source, a broader comparison reveals that medieval writers held surprisingly diverse opinions about what magic was, how it worked, and whether it was ever legitimate to use it.
Medieval discussions of magically caused impotence also include a great deal of information about magical practices, most of which have not been studied before. In particular, these sources say a great deal about popular magic, a subject which has been particularly neglected by historians because the evidence is scanty and difficult to interpret. Magic and Impotence makes new information about popular magic available for the first time. Magic and Impotence also examines why the authors of legal, medical, and theological texts were so interested in popular magical practices relating to impotence. It therefore uses magically caused impotence as a case-study to explore the relationship between elite and popular culture.

In particular, this study emphasizes the importance of the thirteenth-century pastoral reform movement, which sought to enforce more orthodox religious practices. Historians have often noted that this movement brought churchmen into contact with popular beliefs, but this is the first study to demonstrate the profound effect it had on theological and legal ideas about magic.

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2,9 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Catherine Rider - Magic and Impotence in the Middl e Ages (2006).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Paul Naudon - The Secret History of Freemasonry; I ts Origins and Connection to the Knights Templar ( 2005).jpg

All History1 - Paul Naudon - The Secret History of Freemasonry Its O...s Origins and Connection to the Knights Templar 2005.jpg

Explores the hidden history of Freemasonry from ancient Rome, through the Middle Ages, to the present
• Shows the close connection between medieval masons and the Knights Templar
• Illustrates the sacred nature of Roman and medieval trade associations
• Reveals the missing link that connects the lodges of modern Freemasonry to the medieval brotherhoods of builders

Historians often make a sharp distinction between the operative Masonry of the Middle Ages and the speculative Masonry of modern times, emphasizing that there is no direct bridge connecting the two. Modern historians also have scoffed at Masonic claims concerning the close relationship between the Lodge and the Temple. Using medieval archives housed throughout Europe, historian Paul Naudon reveals that there was in fact a very intimate connection between the Masons and the Knights Templar. Church records of medieval Paris show that most, if not all, the Masons of that time were residents of the Templar censive, which allowed them to enjoy great exemptions and liberties from both church and state as a result of the protection afforded them by this powerful order.

Naudon shows that the origins of Freemasonry can be traced back to the collegia of ancient Rome. He traces the evolution of organizations such as the Comacine Masters, the Arab turuqs, and the brotherhoods of builders created under the aegis of the Benedictines and the Knights Templar, all of which provide the vehicle for the transmission of a sacred tradition from pre-Christian times to the modern era. This tradition is the source of Masonic ritual and symbolism, and it provides the missing link in the transformation of the operative Masonry of the medieval cathedral builders to the spiritual principles of modern speculative Masonry.

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1,6 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Paul Naudon - The Secret History of Freemasonry; I ts Origins and Connection to the Knights Templar ( 2005).pdf

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32 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Rosamond McKitterick - The Uses of Literacy in Ear ly Mediaeval Europe (1990).jpg

The book investigates the ways in which literacy was important in early medieval Europe, and examines the context of literacy, its uses, levels, and distribution, in a number of different early medieval societies, including Ireland, Anglo-Saxon England, Visigothic and Umayyad Spain, Papal Rome, and Byzantium, between c. 400 and c. 1000. The contributors set out to provide the factual basis for assessments of the significance of literacy in the early medieval world and analyze the significance of literacy, its implications, and its consequences for the various societies. In all cases, the studies represent new research and provide fascinating insights into the attitudes of early medieval societies toward the written word.

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12,8 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Rosamond McKitterick - The Uses of Literacy in Ear ly Mediaeval Europe (1990).pdf

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273 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

John North - God's Clockmaker (2006).jpg

Clocks became common in late medieval Europe and the measurement of time began to rule everyday life. "God's Clockmaker: Richard of Wallingford and the Invention of Time" is a biography of England's greatest medieval scientist, a man who solved major practical and theoretical problems to build an extraordinary and pioneering astronomical and astrological clock. Richard of Wallingford (1292-1336), the son of a blacksmith, was a brilliant mathematician with a genius for the practical solution of technical problems. Trained at Oxford, he became a monk and then abbot of the great abbey of St Albans, where he built his clock. Although as abbot he held great power, he was also a tragic figure, becoming a leper. His achievement, nevertheless, is a striking example of the sophistication of medieval science, based on knowledge handed down from the Greeks via the Arabs.

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27,9 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

John North - God's Clockmaker (2006).pdf

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211 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Tim William Machan - English in the Middle Ages (2 005).jpg

What did people in England in the Middle Ages think about language? What was their view of English, French, and Latin, and how did this influence the way they communicated? This book uses these questions as a basis for a ground-breaking investigation into the use and status of the English language in medieval England. Professor Machan suggests that many linguistic, literary, and historical considerations of medieval statements on language have significantly failed to take into account the social and linguistic contexts of their production. In this volume he explores not only medieval ideas about language but also the discursive traditions which generated them.

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1,1 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Tim William Machan - English in the Middle Ages (2 005).pdf

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346 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Niall Christie, Maya Yazigi - Noble Ideals and Blo ody Realities; Warfare in the Middle Ages (2006).jpg

The contributions presented in this volume address several issues related to the topic of medieval warfare from a variety of disciplinary perspectives and examining a number of geographical regions. The contributors analyze social and economic issues, military strategy, technological and medical developments, ideology and rhetoric, and address warfare in Europe, the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world. In three parts, the contributors explore warfare in theory, warfare in practice and warfare as perceived through medieval and modern historiography. In doing so they present a number of engaging case studies that will be of use to students and scholars interested in warfare and its effects on medieval society.

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9,6 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Niall Christie, Maya Yazigi - Noble Ideals and Blo ody Realities; Warfare in the Middle Ages (2006).rar

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207 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Charles T. Wood - Joan of Arc and Richard III; Sex , Saints, and Government in the Middle Ages (1991).jpg

Joan of Arc and Richard III loom large in the histories of their countries, but the myths surrounding them have always obscured just who they were and what they hoped to accomplish. In this book, medieval historian Charles Wood brings these fascinating figures to life through an original combination of traditional biography and wide-ranging discussion of the political and social world in which they lived. Wood draws on a range of unusual sources--from art and legal codes to chronicles and lives of saints--to present a new picture of medieval people and their concerns. Focusing on topics often neglected by other historians, he includes lively discussions of royal adultery scandals, child-kings and the problems they posed, and earlier people and crises that helped to shape the culture of sex and sainthood that was profoundly that of the Middle Ages. In so doing, he clarifies the historical contributions of Richard and Joan, and sheds new light on the political, social, and religious forces that shaped medieval government and made France and England such widely different countries.

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9,4 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Charles T. Wood - Joan of Arc and Richard III; Sex , Saints, and Government in the Middle Ages (1991).pdf

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269 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Peter D. Clarke - The Interdict in the Thirteenth Century; A Question of Collective Guilt (2002).jpg

The interdict was an important and frequent event in medieval society. It was an ecclesiastical sanction which had the effect of closing churches and suspending religious services. Often imposed on an entire community because its leaders had violated the rights and laws of the Church, popes exploited it as a political weapon in their conflicts with secular rulers during the thirteenth century. In this book, Peter Clarke examines this significant but neglected subject, presenting a wealth of new evidence drawn from manuscripts and archival sources. He begins by exploring the basic legal and moral problem raised by the interdict: how could a sanction that punished many for the sins of the few be justified? From the twelfth-century, jurists and theologians argued that those who consented to the crimes of others shared in the responsibility and punishment for them. Hence important questions are raised about medieval ideas of community, especially about the relationship between its head and members. The book goes on to explore how the interdict was meant to work according to the medieval canonists, and how it actually worked in practice. In particular it examines princely and popular reactions to interdicts and how these encouraged the papacy to reform the sanction in order to make it more effective. Evidence including detailed case-studies of the interdict in action, is drawn from across thirteenth-century Europe--a time when the papacy's legislative activity and interference in the affairs of secular rulers were at their height.

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2,6 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Peter D. Clarke - The Interdict in the Thirteenth Century; A Question of Collective Guilt (2002).pdf

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190 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Alaric Hal - Elves in Anglo-Saxon England; Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity (2007).jpg

Anglo-Saxon elves (Old English ælfe) are one of the best attested non-Christian beliefs in early medieval Europe, but current interpretations of the evidence derive directly from outdated nineteenth- and early twentieth-century scholarship. Integrating linguistic and textual approaches into an anthropologically-inspired framework, this book reassesses the full range of evidence. It traces continuities and changes in medieval non-Christian beliefs with a new degree of reliability, from pre-conversion times to the eleventh century and beyond, and uses comparative material from medieval Ireland and Scandinavia to argue for a dynamic relationship between beliefs and society. In particular, it interprets the cultural significance of elves as a cause of illness in medical texts, and provides new insights into the much-discussed Scandinavian magic of seidr. Elf-beliefs, moreover, were connected with Anglo-Saxon constructions of sex and gender; their changing nature provides a rare insight into a fascinating area of early medieval European culture. Shortlisted for the Katharine Briggs Folklore Award 2007 ALARIC HALL is a fellow of the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies.

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2,8 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Alaric Hal - Elves in Anglo-Saxon England; Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity (2007).pdf

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181 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Joseph P. Byrne - The Black Death (2004).jpg

An ideal introduction and guide to the greatest natural disaster to ever curse humanity, replete with illustrations, biographical sketches, and primary documents. Presents medieval and modern perspectives of this disturbing yet fascinating tragic historical episode.
JOSEPH P. BYRNE is a European historian and Associate Professor of Honors at Belmont University in Nashville, TN. He has conducted research and published articles on a wide variety of subjects, from Roman catacombs to American urbanization, though his area of expertise is Italy in the era of the Black Death.

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