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	!! HISTORIA - książki, artykuły
	@ Fizyka. Serie
	@ Matematyka. Serie
	_ Astronomia
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	_ Clayden i in - Chemia organiczna + rozwiązania
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	♥ Matematyka
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	2. NOWOŻYTNOŚĆ (DO 1795)
	Aleksander Paroń - Pieczyngowie (Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN 2015)
	algorithms
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	Teofilakt Simokatta - Historia powszechna (Anna Kotłowska, Łukasz Różycki)
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1,1 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

J. A. Burrow - Medieval Writers and their Work; Mi ddle English Literature 1100-1500 (2008).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Don C. Skemer - Binding Words; Textual Amulets in the Middle Ages (2006).jpg

In the Middle Ages, textual amulets - short texts written on parchment or paper and worn on the body - were thought to protect the bearer against enemies, to heal afflictions caused by demonic invasions, and to bring the wearer good fortune. In "Binding Words", Don C. Skemer provides the first book-length study of this once-common means of harnessing the magical power of words. Textual amulets were a unique source of empowerment, promising the believer safe passage through a precarious world by means of an ever-changing mix of scriptural quotations, divine names, common prayers, and liturgical formulas. Although theologians and canon lawyers frequently derided textual amulets as ignorant superstition, many literate clergy played a central role in producing and disseminating them. The texts were, in turn, embraced by a broad cross section of Western Europe. Saints and parish priests, physicians and village healers, landowners and peasants alike believed in their efficacy. Skemer offers careful analysis of several dozen surviving textual amulets, along with other contemporary medieval source material. In the process, "Binding Words" enriches our understanding of popular religion and magic in everyday medieval life.

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10,1 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Don C. Skemer - Binding Words; Textual Amulets in the Middle Ages (2006).pdf

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0,6 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Osprey PL - WBH 24 - William Martin - Bitwa pod Ve rdun 1916 (2010).jpg

Dwupłatowy samolot myśliwski Nieuport 11 wzbił się w letnie niebo. Za sterami siedział młody Amerykanin, który jako ochotnik wstąpił do francuskiego Dywizjonu Lafayette-a. To, co ujrzał w dole, opisał następująco: Zaraz na wschód i północ od Verdun ciągnie się szeroki, brązowy pas [...]. Kilka miesięcy temu, gdy nikt jeszcze nie słyszał o bitwie pod Verdun, ziemię zdobiły tu ciche poła, gospodarstwa i wsie. Teraz pozostał tylko ten ponury, brązowy pas, w którym uśmiercono przyrodę. Wydaje się należeć do innego świata. Zatarto tu ślady człowieka. Lasy 1 drogi zniknęły niczym kreda starta z tablicy; w wioskach po zawalonych kamiennych ścianach domów zostały tylko szare plamy. Granice wielkich fortów Douaumont i Vaux widać bardzo słabo, niczym śład narysowany palcem na mokrym piasku. Dziur po pociskach nie da się dojrzeć tak jak na okolicznych polach. Na brązowym pasie jest ich tyle, że zlewają się w jedno. Cala ziemia jest rozryta wybuchami. Ślady po okopach są jak na wpół rozmazane kreski.

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333 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Matt Lamy - 100 Worlds Strangest Mysteries (2005).jpg

The book includes some of History's most astounding tales of the strange and supernatural, and tells in vivid detail the story of both events and the people involved, the impact of particular myths and beliefs, and the latest investigations being undertaken in an attempt to find answers to the world's most baffling phenomena. From Loch Ness to Bigfoot, spontaneous combustion to Roswell, each entry is supported with a wealth of photographic evidence and fascinating illustrations.

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24,5 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Matt Lamy - 100 Worlds Strangest Mysteries (2005).pdf

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45 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Keat Ooi - Southeast Asia; A Historical Encycloped ia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor (3 Volume Set) ( 2004).jpg

Southeast Asia is the encyclopedia that will be used for exploring and understanding this geopolitical region for many years. Its pages are packed with well-explained, easily accessible articles. Editor Ooi, a social and economic historian from Malaysia, has assembled a group of writers that represent a wide range of expertise from around the world to focus on Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Some articles also cover the influence that China, India, Japan, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan have had on the region.

The introduction is a well-written and concise history of Southeast Asia. It includes bold type cross-references that lead readers to articles within the main text of the encyclopedia. The 800 articles range in length from 300 to 3,000 words, and each has cross-references and a list of bibliographic references. In addition to entries for each country, there are entries on events, organizations, and individuals, and on topics from folklore, geography, war, and religion, among other subject areas. There is strong coverage of the Dutch, British, and Portuguese colonial presence in the region. Economic, social, and political transformations are explained in depth. Each entry is credited, and the contributors are listed in an appendix with their university or corporate affiliation. In the last volume are maps, country fact tables, a topical list of entries, a chronology organized by country, a bibliography of more than 70 pages, and a thorough index.

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26,0 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Keat Ooi - Southeast Asia; A Historical Encycloped ia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor (3 Volume Set) ( 2004).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

M. Hassan Kakar - A Political And Diplomatic Histo ry of Afghanistan, 1863-1901 (2006).jpg

This political and diplomatic history of late nineteenth-century Afghanistan and its major ethnic groups lays bare how the ground was laid for the emergence of Afghanistan as a nation-state as well as for the implementation of schemes of modernization.
It describes how Amir Sher ‘Ali Khan and, more fully, Amir ‘Abd al-Rahman Khan for the first time consolidated the authority of the central government at the expense of the traditional autonomous local magnates, and thus managed to organize a centralized monarchical state and extend its direct rule thoughout Afghanistan.
They did so in the days of what has become known as The Great Game for the mastery of Central Asian states. Although The Great Game resulted in the reduction of Afghanistan in size, it also led to the clear demarcation of its boundaries in accordance with international agreements.

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10,6 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

M. Hassan Kakar - A Political And Diplomatic Histo ry of Afghanistan, 1863-1901 (2006).pdf

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155 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Philip Rousseau - A Companion to Late Antiquity (2 009).jpg

The essays collected in this authoritative Companion capture the vitality and diversity of scholarship that exists on the transformative time period known as late antiquity.

For the last generation, late antiquity – the time between the accession of Diocletian in ad 284 and the end of Roman rule in the Mediterranean – has come to be regarded as one of the most dynamic periods of ancient history. Once seen as a time of decline and fall, late antiquity is now viewed as an era of powerful transformation, in which the peoples and institutions that profoundly influenced the modern world took shape.

In providing a useful overview of current scholarship on late antiquity, the essays emphasize the central importance of religion in this period. Theology and belief are situated in historical context as the Companion highlights the interconnectedness of religious life with economic, social, and political realms.

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4,0 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Philip Rousseau - A Companion to Late Antiquity (2 009).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

DK Eyewitness - Early Humans (2005).jpg

Discover the world of the first people -- from the earliest cave dwellers to the men and women of the Iron Age.

Here is an original and exciting new look at the fascinating world of ancient people and their ways of life. Stunning real-life photographs of tools, weapons, jewelry, clothing and even the remains of the people themselves offer a unique "eyewitness" view of how human life changed during its first four million years. See the tools used by the first farmers, the oldest surviving food, the weapons of a Bronze Age chieftain, and what our earliest ancestors looked like. Learn why humans first stood upright, how people survived the cold of the Ice Age, how scientists uncovered the Piltdown Man hoax, how to make a flint axehead, and which people used magic to find their food. Discover how early people hunted and gathered their food, which people made jewelry out of leopards' teeth and hornets' wing cases, how bread was made in the Bronze Age, how mummies and bog bodies have been preserved, and much, much more!

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432 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Stephen Turnbull - The Knight Triumphant; The High Middle Ages 1314-1485 (2001).jpg

A best-selling expert on medieval warfare has produced a hugely successful book--over 100,000 copies sold--that returns by popular demand as the premier reference on knighthood. The riveting chronicle trains its focus on the golden years of the knight during the 14th and 15th centuries. The life of a knight starts with his earliest upbringing, his formal education, and his dangerous, exacting years of training. Once a knight is ready for a life of battle, the story turns to his vast choices of weapons and armor--all shown in graphic illustrations. Charts and maps help portray battle strategies and tactics, while behind-the-scenes unfolds a drama of intrigue, chivalry, and fanaticism, from Edward III and the Black Prince to the fall of Richard III on Bosworth Field. Illustrations from archives provide rare scenes of people, equipment, and battle scenes, while modern photos display battlefields and castles as they look today.

About the Author
Stephen Turnbull is an expert on medieval warfare as well as Japanese religion and the Samurai, and has written many books across both subjects. He frequently advises film and TV production companies on costume and weaponry, has a substantial collection of rare photographs and prints, and holds a serior position in the National Health Service.

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108,1 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Stephen Turnbull - The Knight Triumphant; The High Middle Ages 1314-1485 (2001).pdf

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239 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Alan Harding - Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State (2001).jpg

"The State" is the most powerful of political ideas but where does it come from? This broad-ranging new study traces the history of the word and the concept back to the systems of law and justice created by medieval kings and shows how legal institutions acquired political force.

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1,6 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Alan Harding - Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State (2001).pdf

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370 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Christopher Gravett - Medieval Siege Warfare (2000 ).jpg

During the Middle Ages siege warfare played a vital role in military strategy. Sieges were far more numerous than pitched battles, ranging from small-scale affairs against palisaded earthworks to full-scale assaults on vast strongholds. Needless to say, the art of siege warfare assumed a unique importance to both invader and defender alike. In this title Christopher Gravett explores the different aspects of medieval siege warfare, from chivalrous formalities to 'surprise and treachery', in a text backed by numerous illustrations including 12 full page colour plates by Richard and Christa Hook.

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13 gru 18 15:43

H. A. Guerber - Legends of the Middle Ages (2004).jpg

The most ancient relic of literature of the spoken languages of modern Europe is undoubtedly the epic poem "Beowulf" which is supposed to have been composed by the Anglo-Saxons previous to their invasion of England. Although the poem probably belongs to the fifth century the only existing manuscript is said to date from the ninth or tenth century.

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444 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

H. A. Guerber - Legends of the Middle Ages (2004).pdf

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13 gru 18 15:43

Jim Bradbury - The Medieval Archer (1985).jpg

It is a delight to read a book which recognises the importance of warfare in medieval times...also...discusses the changing role of the archer in medieval society. SIR STEVEN RUNCIMANThis book traces the history of the archer in the medieval period, from the Norman Conquest to the Wars of the Roses. From a close study of early evidence, Mr Bradbury shows that the archer's role before the time of Edward I was an important but rarely documented one, and that his new prominence in the fourteenth century was the result of changes in development of military tactics rather than the introduction of the famous `longbow'. A second thread of the book examines the archer's role in society, with particular reference to that most famous of all archers, Robin Hood. The final chapters look at the archer in the early fifteenth century and then chronicle the rise of the handgun as the major infantry weapon at the bow's expense. JIM BRADBURY writes and lectures on battles and warfare in England and France in the middle ages.

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38,9 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Jim Bradbury - The Medieval Archer (1985).pdf

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27 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Paul Zanker - The Mask of Socrates; The Image of t he Intellectual in Antiquity (1996).jpg

Paul Zanker has put together a fascinating comparative study of the history of the visual image of the intellectual in Greco-Roman Antiquity. His focus is on the image of intellectuals as a class within a particular society and the changes in those images that distinguish how the intellectual and his or her role is perceived and defined from one era to another.

Zanker constructs his history of the image of the intellectual in six parts. In chapter 2, "The Intellectual as Good Citizen," he contends that in fourth-century Athens there was no such thing as the image of the intellectual as such. Rather, what we have are portraits of individual intellectuals that depict them as good Athenian citizens, perhaps as exemplary embodiments of civic virtues, but nothing more (p. 77).

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7,0 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Paul Zanker - The Mask of Socrates; The Image of t he Intellectual in Antiquity (1996).pdf

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110 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Robert J. Bast - The Reformation of Faith in the C ontext of Late Medieval Theology and Piety; Essays by Berndt Hamm (2004).jpg

All History1 - Robert J. Bast - The Reformation of Faith in the Con...dieval Theology and Piety Essays by Berndt Hamm 2004.jpg

This work comprises the first major collection of articles in English translation by University of Erlangen Professor Dr. Berndt Hamm, one of the most important scholars of the intellectual history of late-medieval and Reformation Germany.

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1,6 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Robert J. Bast - The Reformation of Faith in the C ontext of Late Medieval Theology and Piety; Essays by Berndt Hamm (2004).pdf

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115 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

Simo Knuuttila - Emotions in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy (2004).jpg

Emotions are the focus of intense debate both in contemporary philosophy and psychology and increasingly also in the history of ideas. Simo Knuuttila's book is the first comprehensive survey of philosophical theories of emotions from Plato to Renaissance times, combining careful historical reconstruction with rigorous philosophical analysis. Philosophers, classicists, historians of philosophy, historians of psychology, and anyone interested in emotion will find much to stimulate them in this fascinating book.

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268 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

William CHester Jordan - The Middle Ages Vol. 1; A n Encyclopedia for Students (1996).jpg

Professional interest in the Middle Ages conventionally the years 500 to 1500 has grown tremendously in the last half-century. While continuing to stress traditional themes of the importance of the Middle Ages both as a bridge between ancient and modern civilizations and for its special significance in the history of the West, recent writers have expanded beyond the traditional focus of scholarly interest on northern and western Europe.

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254 KB
13 gru 18 15:43

William Harmless - Mystics (2008).jpg

Mystics are path-breaking religious practitioners who claim to have experience the infinite, word-defying Mystery that is God. Many have been gifted writers with an uncanny ability to communicate the great realities of life with both a theologian's precision and a poet's lyricism. They use words to jolt us into recognizing ineffable mysteries surging beneath the surface of our lives and within the depths of our hearts and, by their artistry, can awaken us to see and savor fugitive glimpses of a God-drenched world.

In Mystics, William Harmless, S.J., introduces readers to the scholarly study of mysticism. He explores both mystics' extraordinary lives and their no-less-extraordinary writings using a unique case-study method centered on detailed examinations of six major Christian mystics: Thomas Merton, Bernard of Clairvaux, Hildegard of Bingen, Bonaventure, Meister Eckhart, and Evagrius Ponticus. Rather than presenting mysticism as a subtle web of psychological or theological abstractions, Harmless's case-study approach brings things down to earth, restoring mystics to their historical context.

Harmless highlights the pungent diversity of mystical experiences and mystical theologies. Stepping beyond Christianity, he also explores mystical elements within Islam and Buddhism, offering a chapter on the popular Sufi poet Rumi and one on the famous Japanese Zen master Dogen. Harmless concludes with an overview of the century-long scholarly conversation on mysticism and offers a unique, multifaceted optic for understanding mystics, their communities, and their writings. Geared toward a wide audience, Mystics balances state-of-the-art scholarship with accessible, lucid prose.

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0,7 MB
13 gru 18 15:43

Rolf Schulte - Man As Witch; Male Witches in Centr al Europe (2009).jpg

Witch-hunts were by no means focused only on women -- one in four alleged witches in Central Europe was male. This study traces the witch trials of men in French and German speaking regions in Central Europe, opening up a little known chapter of early modern times. The author analyzes the proportion of accused men in the witch-hunts, describes their trials and explores the conflicts from which witch-hunts involving men evolved.

Review
"This valuable book delineates the politics and practices of the Holy Roman Empire; illuminates some of the thought processes of the Protestant Reformation, particularly of the followers of Calvin and Zwingli; and provides glimpses into the lives of ordinary Europeans who found themselves in a maelstrom of superstition and intolerance. A valuable resource for those interested in not only witchcraft but also European history and theological education."

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