Wojna secesyjna pomiędzy bogatą i „postępową” Unią a Konfederacją, tzw „ państwem niewolników“, czyli „łatwy” synonim walki pomiędzy dobrem a złem.

Grzegorz Swoboda w swoim opisie krwawego, a zarazem przełomowego epizodu tej wojny - bitwy pod Gettysburgiem - stara się obalać odwieczne stereotypy tych „złych” i tych „dobrych” Amerykanów. Dając wnikliwą analizę narastającego konfliktu, poruszając wiele jego aspektów, zarówno tych politycznych, jak i społecznych, wyjaśnia przyczyny, które doprowadziły do wojny domowej oraz opisanej bitwy.

Praca ta należy do lepszych z serii „Historyczne bitwy”. Forma przekazu wydarzeń zasługuje na pochwałę. Zawiera nie tylko suche fakty, ale także relacje uczestników bitwy oraz ilustracje, dzięki czemu oddaje atmosferę grozy i okrucieństwa panujących na polach Gettysburga tych pamiętnych trzech letnich dni.

Sama bitwa, z niezrozumiałych przyczyn, w ogólnej opinii kojarzy się z wielkim zwycięstwem Unii. Te fałszywe skojarzenia ujawniają się dopiero w trakcie czytania książki Swobody. To wojska Konfederacji były o wiele bliżej sukcesu. Naprawdę niewiele brakowało, by Armia Potomaku (Unia) poniosła klęskę. Jednak z powodu niezdecydowania, a także wielu do dzisiaj niewyjaśnionych militarnych błędów głównodowodzącego wojskami Południa gen. Roberta Lee, nie wykorzystano olbrzymiej szansy zepchnięcia przeciwnika do defensywy, a tym samym możliwości pertraktacji pokojowych z pozycji silniejszego.

Południe, gospodarczo słabsze, nie mogło sobie pozwolić na prowadzenie wyniszczającej wojny bez ograniczeń czasowych. Wyczerpywanie się potencjału gospodarczego i militarnego doprowadziło ostatecznie do złożenia broni, a tym samym uznanie zwycięstwa Unii.

Trzydniowe zmagania pod Gettysburgiem zostały jednak nierozstrzygnięte. Brak sukcesu militarnego Armii Północnej Wirginii z głównodowodzącym Lee skłonił generała do wycofania się z ziem Północy i odstąpienia od ofensywnej strategii wojny. Był to wprawdzie zwrotny punkt wojny, gdzie Armia Potomaku pod wodzą gen. George'a Meade'a przejęła inicjatywę, ale gloryfikowanie i wyolbrzymianie zwycięstwa przez ówczesne media Północy nie miało podstaw, była to bowiem w rzeczywistości sytuacja patowa.

zachomikowany

152 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Indians of North America - Nancy Bonvillain - The Mohawk (2004).jpg

The Mohawk tribe, or "People of the Place of Flint," guarded the eastern realm (present-day eastern New York State) of the Iroquois Confederacy, which included the Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and later the Tuscarora tribes. In the seventeenth century, they established a profitable fur-trade partnership with both the Dutch and English, along the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, and later became renowned for their beautiful basketry. Today, Mohawks primarily live in cities in the northeastern United States and on reservations in New York State (Akwesasne) and in Canada (Akwesasne, Kahnawake, Kanesatake, Tyendinega, and Six Nations).

Grade 5 Up–These revisions of books on the larger tribes of the North American continent (originally published in 1989) are among the best available. All three volumes open with a wonderful foreword by Menominee activist and writer Ada E. Deer in which she gives a glimpse of the Native perspective in today's society. The books are written from an anthropological or ethnographic point of view that allows readers to glean what life was and is like for Native peoples of North America, from a short section on prehistoric nomadic peoples living in 1700 B.C. to the people's fight for sovereignty and living improvements in the 21st century. Full-color inserts show the detailed crafts/handiwork of tribal members, while black-and-white maps, photos, and reproductions appear throughout. The books also include a brief synopsis of the tribe in "...at a Glance" sections and a list of important dates recognized by the dominant culture in the chronology.–Marlette Grant-Jackson, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA

zachomikowany

2,1 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Indians of North America - Nancy Bonvillain - The Mohawk (2004).pdf

zachomikowany

219 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

John Frederick Hartranft, Harold Holzer, Edward, J r. Steers, and Allen Weinstein - The Lincoln Assas sination Conspirators, Their Confinement and Execu tion, As Recorded in the Letterbook of John Freder.jpg

USA Books1 - John Frederick Hartranft, Harold Holzer, Edward, Jr. S...ecution, As Recorded in the Letterbook of John Freder.jpg

On May 1, 1865, two weeks after Abraham Lincoln's assassination, recently inaugurated president Andrew Johnson appointed John Frederick Hartranft to command the military prison at the Washington Arsenal, where the U.S. government had just incarcerated the seven men and one woman accused of complicity in the shooting. From that day through the execution of four of the accomplices, the Pennsylvania-born general held responsibility for the most notorious prisoners in American history. A strict adherent to protocol, Hartranft kept a meticulously detailed account of his experiences in the form of a letterbook. In The Lincoln Assassination Conspirators, noted Lincoln scholars Edward Steers, Jr., and Harold Holzer, in partnership with the National Archives, present this fascinating historical record for the first time with contextual materials and expert annotations, providing a remarkable glimpse behind the scenes of the assassination's aftermath.

Hartranft oversaw every aspect of the prisoners' daily lives, from making sure they were fed and kept clean to ensuring that no one communicated with them except on the written orders of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. In his Letterbook, Hartranft scrupulously recounts the arrival of each prisoner and describes the prison routine--which included three simple meals a day, a twice-daily cell inspection by Hartranft himself, and frequent physical examinations by an army physician. The prisoners wore wrist and leg shackles and, controversially, most of them wore special hoods designed to isolate them from their surroundings.

When the conspirators' trial began, the nation waited eagerly for news, and many sought retribution against those they held responsible for the nation's grief. Hartranft resisted calls for both vengeance and mercy and continued to treat his notorious charges as humanely as possible, facilitating meetings with clergy and sending letters to and from family members. Yet, as his detached, detailed description of the execution of four of the conspirators shows, he did not allow emotion to impede the performance of his duty.

The legal and moral issues surrounding the conspirators' trial--the extraordinary use of military rather than civil justice, the treatment of the accused while incarcerated, the fine line between swift and precipitous justice--remain volatile, unsettled issues today. Hartranft's keen observations, ably analyzed by historians Steers and Holzer, will add a riveting new chapter to the story of Lincoln's assassination.

zachomikowany

3,0 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

John Frederick Hartranft, Harold Holzer, Edward, J r. Steers, and Allen Weinstein - The Lincoln Assas sination Conspirators, Their Confinement and Execu tion, As Recorded in the Letterbook of John Freder.pdf

zachomikowany

11 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Larry M. Gant, Patricia A. Stewart, Vincent J. Lyn c - Social Workers Speak out on the HIV-AIDS Crisi s, Voices from and to African-American Communities (1998).jpg

USA Books1 - Larry M. Gant, Patricia A. Stewart, Vincent J. Lync -... Voices from and to African-American Communities 1998.jpg

Written by a team of nationally recognized African American social work professionals with extensive and distinguished backgrounds in HIV/AIDS service, the book examines the magnitude and complexity of the crisis facing African American communities.

zachomikowany

8,7 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Larry M. Gant, Patricia A. Stewart, Vincent J. Lyn c - Social Workers Speak out on the HIV-AIDS Crisi s, Voices from and to African-American Communities (1998).pdf

zachomikowany

253 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Lynn Abbott, Doug Seroff - Out of Sight, The Rise of African American Popular Music, 1889-1895 (200 3).jpg

From 1889 to 1895, the fire that would ignite almost every American popular music style was sparking. These were some of the worst years in American race relations, yet they witnessed the emergence of ragtime and the birth of an African American popular entertainment industry. Out of Sight is the first book dedicated to this signal period of black musical development.

zachomikowany

10,3 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Lynn Abbott, Doug Seroff - Out of Sight, The Rise of African American Popular Music, 1889-1895 (200 3).pdf

zachomikowany

416 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

M. C. Lilley - Regulation United States Army Unifo rms and Equipments for National Guard Officers (19 14).jpg

zachomikowany

18,6 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

M. C. Lilley - Regulation United States Army Unifo rms and Equipments for National Guard Officers (19 14).pdf

zachomikowany

52 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Marilyn J. Field, Alan M. Jette - The Future of Di sability in America (2007).jpg

The future of disability in America will depend on how well the U.S. prepares for and manages the demographic, fiscal, and technological developments that will unfold during the next two to three decades. Building upon two prior studies from the Institute of Medicine (the 1991 Institute of Medicine's report Disability in America and the 1997 report Enabling America), "The Future of Disability in America" examines both progress and concerns about continuing barriers that limit the independence, productivity, and participation in community life of people with disabilities.This book offers a comprehensive look at a wide range of issues, including the prevalence of disability across the lifespan; disability trends the role of assistive technology; barriers posed by health care and other facilities with inaccessible buildings, equipment, and information formats; the needs of young people moving from pediatric to adult health care and of adults experiencing premature aging and secondary health problems; selected issues in health care financing (e.g., risk adjusting payments to health plans, coverage of assistive technology); and the organizing and financing of disability-related research.

zachomikowany

2,4 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Marilyn J. Field, Alan M. Jette - The Future of Di sability in America (2007).pdf

zachomikowany

176 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Mark Connelly - Christmas at the Movies, Images of Christmas in American, British and European Cinem a (2001).jpg

USA Books1 - Mark Connelly - Christmas at the Movies, Images of Chr...ristmas in American, British and European Cinema 2001.jpg

Whether we love it or hate it, Christmas has always played a special role in the cinema, and Christmas movies like It's a Wonderful Life and Miracle on 34th Street have a special place in popular affections. Christmas at the Movies takes a good look at these popular films, decoding the messages they convey about popular preoccupations and attitudes and about the different societies that produce them. Written in an entertaining and illuminating style, this book gives a brand new view of Christmas and its rituals.

zachomikowany

184 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Peter Bishop - Bridge (2008).jpg

Whether a humble string of planks swaying across a trickling stream or the soaring towers of the Golden Gate Bridge, bridges are one of man’s great engineering feats. Now in Bridge, Peter Bishop provides a comprehensive historical account of their role in the advancement of human culture.

From ancient Roman arches to the rail bridge of Lhasa to the suspension bridge over Niagara Falls, Bishop traverses the full span of the globe to examine numerous incarnations and their diverse architectural styles. The book tackles a wide range of issues, including the design and construction of “mega-spans” such as Hong Kong’s Tsing Ma Bridge; the integral role of bridges in railroad networks; and the social dynamics of class and mobility that surround urban bridges in cities such as New York. Drawing upon sources in art, politics, science, philosophy, and the media, Bishop argues that the cultural meaning of bridges today revolves around the idea of expanding geographical claims, rather than connecting to others, and he explores the implications of that idea for the future. A fascinating and richly illustrated study, Bridge will engage enthusiasts of planning, architecture, and design alike.

zachomikowany

8,0 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Peter Bishop - Bridge (2008).pdf

zachomikowany

152 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Ronald A. Smith - Sports and Freedom (1990).jpg

Perhaps more than any other two colleges, Harvard and Yale gave form to American intercollegiate athletics--a form that was inspired by the Oxford-Cambridge rivalry overseas, and that was imitated by colleges and universities throughout the United States. Focusing on the influence of these prestigious eastern institutions, this fascinating study traces the origins and development of intercollegiate athletics in America from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. Smith begins with an historical overview of intercollegiate athletics and details the evolution of individual sports--crew, baseball, track and field, and especially football.

zachomikowany

21,6 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Ronald A. Smith - Sports and Freedom (1990).pdf

zachomikowany

303 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Sarah Hull - The Rough Guide to Boston (2008).jpg

Explore every corner of this thriving historic city, with this updated fifth edition. The full-colour introduction will inspire you on where to go and what to see, from The Museum of Fine Art and the USS Constitution to the home of the beloved Red Sox at Fenway Park. You’ll find lively accounts of every attraction from the smart streets of Beacon Hill to the Revolution-era sights around Boston Common. This revised edition features full-colour inserts throughout and listings for all the very best hotels and restaurants, whilst the authors'' selection of ''things not to miss'' range from bustling Harvard square to shopping on Newbury Street which houses hip cafes and colourful boutiques. You’ll find detailed information on Boston’s festivals, music, history and literature and in-depth coverage of Cambridge, plus excursions to Sales, Plymouth, and Provincetown. The contexts section provides insightful background on the city''s history, architecture, people and literature. With the clearest maps of any guide, make sure your trip to this city of vibrant charm is one not to forget with this ultimate guide.

zachomikowany

371 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Uniform Regulations for the Army of the United Sta tes 1861, Illustrated with Contemporary Official W ar Department Photographs (1961).jpg

USA Books1 - Uniform Regulations for the Army of the United States ...Contemporary Official War Department Photographs 1961.jpg

zachomikowany

21,3 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Uniform Regulations for the Army of the United Sta tes 1861, Illustrated with Contemporary Official W ar Department Photographs (1961).pdf

zachomikowany

244 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Vincent LoBrutto - Martin Scorsese, A Biography (2 007).jpg

Martin Scorsese's current position in the international film community is unrivaled, and his name has become synonymous with the highest standards of filmmaking excellence. He is widely considered America's best living film director, and his Taxi Driver and Raging Bull appear frequently on worldwide surveys of the best films of all time. Here, in the first biographical account of this artist's life, Vincent LoBrutto traces Scorsese's Italian-American heritage, his strict Catholic upbringing, the continuing role of religion in his life and art, his obsessive love of cinema history, and the powerful impact the streets of New York City had on his personal life and his professional career. Meanwhile, the filmmaker's humble, soft-spoken public persona tells only part of the story, and LoBrutto will delve into the other side of a complex and often tortured personality. Scorsese's intense passion, his private relationships, his stormy marriages, and his battles with drugs and depression are all chronicled here, and, in many cases, for the first time. In addition, the book includes an interview with the director, as well as filmographies cataloging his work as a director, producer, actor, and presenter. As his Best Director award at the 2007 Oscars clearly demonstrated, Scorsese has become something like Hollywood royalty in recent years, finally enjoying the insider status and favor that eluded him for most of his career. But these recent developments aside, Scorsese is also notable as a distinctly American type of artist, one whose work-created in a medium largely controlled by commercialism and marketing-has always been unmistakably his own, and who thus remains a touchstone of artistic integrity in American cinema. In Martin Scorsese: A Biography, readers can examine not only the work of one of the form's genuine artists, but also the forces that have propelled the man behind it. BLNo real biography of Scorsese has ever been published: the existing literature comprises critical studies and compilations of interview BLLoBrutto is an experienced writer and teacher, with an encyclopedic knowledge of his subject and proven ability in the biographic genre.

zachomikowany

2,6 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Vincent LoBrutto - Martin Scorsese, A Biography (2 007).pdf

zachomikowany

353 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Eva Cockcroft - Toward a People's Art, The Contemp orary Mural Movement (1998).jpg

First published in 1977, Toward a People's Art remains a classic study of the community-based mural movement that produced hundreds of large-scale wall paintings in the United States and Canada. The authors provide a comprehensive discussion of the muralists, the murals' effects on the community, and the funding these works received.

Those interested in art and social change will welcome this new edition, which represents an ongoing faith in the ideal of participatory democracy as the best way to confront the nation's social problems and in the potential of activist art to have long-term social impact. The introduction describes the era-the late 1960s-and a new afterword looks at the 1980s and 1990s and the continuing commitment to the community-engaged process of making public art.

zachomikowany

54,5 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Eva Cockcroft - Toward a People's Art, The Contemp orary Mural Movement (1998).pdf

zachomikowany

14 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Angela Y. Davies - Are Prisons Obsolete (2003).jpg

Amid rising public concern about the proliferation and privitization of prisons, and their promise of enormous profits, world-renowned author and activist Angela Y. Davis argues for the abolition of the prison system as the dominant way of responding to America's social ills. “In thinking about the possible obsolescence of the prison,” Davis writes, “we should ask how it is that so many people could end up in prison without major debates regarding the efficacy of incarceration.” Whereas Reagan-era politicians with “tough on crime” stances argued that imprisonment and longer sentences would keep communities free of crime, history has shown that the practice of mass incarceration during that period has had little or no effect on official crime rates: in fact, larger prison populations led not to safer communities but to even larger prison populations. As we make our way into the twenty-first century—two hundred years after the invention of the penitentiary —the question of prison abolition has acquired an unprecedented urgency. Backed by growing numbers of prisons and prisoners, Davis analyzes these institutions in the U.S., arguing that the very future of democracy depends on our ability to develop radical theories and practices that make it possible to plan and fight for a world beyond the prison industrial complex.

zachomikowany

40,7 MB
14 paź 24 19:51

Angela Y. Davies - Are Prisons Obsolete (2003) [PD F].rar

zachomikowany

168 KB
14 paź 24 19:51

Armstro Starkey - European and Native American War fare 1675-1815 (1998).jpg

Re-examines the European invasion of North America in the 17th- and 18th-centuries. Challenging the historical tradition thta has denigrated Indians as "savages" and celebrated the triumph of European "civilization", the author of this text presents military history as only one dimension of a more fundamental conflict of cultures. Combining the perpsectives of ethnohistory and military history, the text provides an evaluation of the evolution and influence of both Indian and European ways of war during the period. Significant conflicts such as King Philip's war in New England, 1675-1676 (notable due to the number of armed Indians), the French and Indian wars, the Amercian War of Independance and their conquest of the old Northwestbetween 1783-1815 are analyzed.

zachomikowany