In the United States, social class ranks with gender, race, and ethnicity in determining the values, activities, political behavior, and life chances of individuals. Most scholars agree on the importance of class, although they often disagree on what it is and how it impacts Americans. This A-Z encyclopedia, the first to focus on class in the United States, surveys the breadth of class strata throughout our history, for high school students to the general public. Class is illuminated in 525 essay entries on significant people, terms, theories, programs, institutions, eras, ethnic groups, places, and much more. This useful set is an authoritative, fascinating source for in-demand information on key aspects of our culture and society and helps researchers to narrow down a broad topic. Class is revealed from angles that often intersect: through history, with entries such as Founding Fathers, the Industrial Revolution, Westward Expansion; through economics, with entries such as Dot.com Bubble, Robber Barons, Chicago School of Economics, Lottery, Wage Slaves, Economic Equal Opportunity Act, Stock Market, Inheritance Taxes, Wal-Mart, Welfare; through social indicators such as Conspicuous Consumption, the Hamptons, WASP, Homelessness, Social Climbing; through politics with entries such as Anarchism, Braceros, Heritage Foundation, Communist Party, Kennedy Family; and through culture through entries such as Country Music, The Great Gatsby, Television, and Studs Terkel. Class is also approached from ethnic, sexual, religious, educational, and regional angles. Special features include an introduction, timeline, suggested reading per entry, cross-references, reader's guide to topics, and thorough index. Sample entries: Immigration, Education, Labor Movement, Pink-Collar Workers, AFL-CIO, Strikes, Great Depression, Jacob Riis, Literature, the Rockefellers, Slavery, Music, Academia, Family, Suburbia, McMansions, Taxation, Segregation, Racism, Ivy League, Robber Barons, Philanthropists, Socialites, Religion, Welfare, the American Dream, Dot.com Millionaires, Equal Opportunity, Founding Fathers, Wage Slaves, Industrial Revolution, Capitalism, Economics, Appalachia, Horse Racing, Gender, Communist Party, Country Clubs, Religion, American Indians, Conspicuous Consumption, Studs Terkel, Film, Class-Consciousness, Work Ethic, Media, Television, Puritans, Homelessness, Status Symbols, Assimilation/Melting Pot, Art, Westward Expansion, Poverty, The Great Gatsby, Stock Market, Working Poor, Gated Communities, the Hamptons, Social Climbing, Crime, Lottery, Elitism, WASP, American Dream, Noam Chomsky, Fortune Magazine

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Robert E. Weir - Class in America, An Encyclopedia [Three Volumes] (2007) [PDF].rar

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Charles W., Jr. Carey, Ian C. Friedman - American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries , Revised Edition (2010).jpg

USA Books1 - Charles W., Jr. Carey, Ian C. Friedman - American Inve...neurs, and Business Visionaries, Revised Edition 2010.jpg

"This fun-to-read source will add spice for economics and business classes...an excellent index..."—American Reference Books Annual
"This volume is worthy of inclusion in reference collections of public, academic, and high-school libraries. Its content is wide-ranging and its entries provide interesting reading."—Booklist
"A concise introduction to American inventors and entrepreneurs, recommended for academic and public libraries."—Choice
American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries, Revised Edition profiles more than 300 important Americans from colonial times to the present. Featuring such inventors and entrepreneurs as Thomas Edison, this revised resource provides in-depth information on robber barons and their counterparts as well as current visionaries such as Steve Jobs. This A-to-Z biographical dictionary has been fully updated to include an array of new and fascinating biographies, from financier Warren Buffet to music mogul Jay-Z.

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Charles W., Jr. Carey, Ian C. Friedman - American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries , Revised Edition (2010).pdf

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Daniel Yergin - The Prize, The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, & Power (1991).jpg

Written by the author of "Shattered Peace" and "Energy Future", this book brings to life the tycoons, wildcatters, monopolists, regulators, presidents, generals and sheiks whose struggle for oil has shaken the world economy, dictated the outcome of wars, transformed the destiny of Britain and the world and profoundly changed all our lives. Beginning with the first oil well of the 1850s and continuing up to Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait, it is a story of greed, gumption nad ingenuity, all in pursuit of "the prize"—worldwide economic, military and political mastery through the control of oil.

The book includes the story of Shell Oil, a company forged in defiance of the Standard Oil monopoly by an upstart London trader, using Rothchild connections, Russian oil and Dutch petrolium concession in the East Indies. The central strategic role of oil in both world wars—from the decisive 4-knot-per-hour advantage of oil-burning ships in World War I to Rommel's stalled tank advance at El Alamein in War II (he literally ran out of petrol) The underground battle to win the greatest prize of all—the Saudi oil concession. The inside story of the discovery of North Sea Oil and its crucial role in undermining the OPEC monopoly.

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David Callahan - Fortunes of Change, The Rise of t he Liberal Rich and the Remaking of America (2010).jpg

In Fortunes of Change, David Callahan contends that something big is happening among the rich in America: they’re drifting to the left. When Callahan set out to write a book on the new upper class, he expected to profile a greedy and reactionary elite—the robber barons of a second Gilded Age. Instead, he discovered something else. While many of the rich still back a GOP that stands against taxes and regulation, liberalism is spreading fast among the wealthy.

In Fortunes of Change, we meet an upper class increasingly filled with super-educated professionals and entrepreneurs who work in “knowledge” industries and live in the bluest parts of America. This cosmopolitan elite takes for granted such key liberal ideas as multiculturalism and active government, and have ever less in common with an extremist GOP based in small-town America and dominated by Tea Party activists and the likes of Sarah Palin. Fortunes of Change explores:

* Why some of America’s wealthiest people backed Barack Obama’s presidential bid and are pouring record sums into the Democratic Party and liberal organizations, even though they stand to see their taxes go up.
* How a few big donors have spent millions to create the modern gay rights movement and how environmental activists have tapped a river of new liberal cash.
* Why Hollywood, rolling in new profits thanks to globalization, has more money than ever to back Democratic candidates and push politics to the left.
* Why Silicon Valley is turning more liberal and how tech money—including Bill Gates’s vast fortune—is funding a growing array of liberal groups and politicians.
* How the upper class is likely to get more liberal as young heirs are inculcated with liberal ideas in America’s most elite prep schools and universities.
* David Callahan is a co-founder of the think tank Demos, where he is now a senior fellow. He is author of the Cheating Culture, among other books, and his articles have appeared in such places as USA Today, the New York Times, the Nation, and the Washington Monthly.

Packed with surprising facts and behind-the-scene stories, Fortunes of Change is a must-read book if want to understand how America's politics and culture are changing—and what the future may hold.

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David Callahan - Fortunes of Change, The Rise of t he Liberal Rich and the Remaking of America (2010).pdf

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Editors Of Perseus Publishing - Movers & Shakers, The 100 Most Influential Figures In Modern Busines s (2003).jpg

Fascinating portraits of 100 men and women who have left an indelible mark on the business landscape.
Ultimately, business is about people-inventors, visionaries, courageous leaders who forge new paths. Movers and Shakers brings to life 100 men and women, who by virtue of their chutzpah and determination built companies and industries, created new ways of doing business, or revealed underlying truths about the art and science of management. From the robber barons of the early, brawny years of the twentieth century to the "new economy" techno-wizards at the beginning of the twenty-first, Movers and Shakers presents brief sketches of the gurus and giants who have made their indelible marks on the business landscape. Featuring biographies of thinkers and writers, including George Eastman, Andy Grove, Mary Parker Follett, Charles Handy, and Peter Drucker, this book reveals the defining moments that changed business history.

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Editors Of Perseus Publishing - Movers & Shakers, The 100 Most Influential Figures In Modern Busines s (2003).pdf

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Eric Arnesen - Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Work ing-Class History (3 Vol. set) (2006).jpg

The Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working Class History provides sweeping coverage of U.S. labor history. Containing over 650 entries, the Encyclopedia encompasses labor history from the colonial era to the present. Articles focus on states, regions, periods, economic sectors and occupations, race-relations, ethnicity, and religion, concepts and developments in labor economics, environmentalism, globalization, legal history, trade unions, strikes, organizations, individuals, management relations, and government agencies and commissions. Articles cover such issues as immigration and migratory labor, women and labor, labor in every war effort, slavery and the slave-trade, union-resistance by corporations such as Wal-Mart, and the history of cronyism and corruption, and the mafia within elements of labor history. Labor history is also considered in its representation in film, music, literature, and education. Important articles cover the perception of working-class culture, such as thesurge in sympathy for the working class following September 11, 2001. Written as an objective social history, the Encyclopedia encapsulates the rise and decline, and continuous change of US labor history into the twenty-first century.

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Eric Arnesen - Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Work ing-Class History (3 Vol. set) (2006).pdf

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George Haddow, Jane Bullock, Damon P. Coppola - In troduction to Emergency Management, Third Edition (2007).jpg

USA Books1 - George Haddow, Jane Bullock, Damon P. Coppola - Introd...roduction to Emergency Management, Third Edition 2007.jpg

Introduction to Emergency Management, Third Edition provides a comprehensive update of this foundational text on the background components and systems involved in the management of disasters and other emergencies. The book details current practices, strategies, and the key players involved in emergency management, especially in the U.S. but also around the world. Expanded coverage of local and state issues, particularly as they need to interact and work with FEMA and other federal agencies, adds value to public administrators locally tasked with protecting their community.

The Third Edition is fully updated to cover FEMA's continually changing role within the Department of Homeland security and the impact and aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Lessons including proper planning, mitigation, in-crisis decisions, evacuation, and recovery shed light on how managers can avoid devastating breakdowns in communication and leadership during an event. Not only terrorist events but many such natural disasters require similar preparedess planning. Emergency planning is vital to the security of entire communities and thus an essential focus for research, planning and training. This new edition continues in its tradition of serving as an essential resource for students and young professionals in the discipline of Emergency Management.

- Case studies offer current specific examples of disasters and how they were managed
- Extensive focus on Hurricane Katrina includes full coverage of events leading up to the crisis, response and recovery issues, lessons learned, and an event timeline
- Written by 2 former FEMA senior officials who draw on first-hand experience in day-to-day emergency management operations

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James L. Outman - Industrial Revolution, Biographi es Edition 1 (2003).jpg

The 25 essays in Biographies provide biographical information with an emphasis on each person's contribution or impact on the Industrial Revolution. Personages include economic philosophers (such as Karl Marx and Adam Smith); innovators (Henry Ford, Robert Fulton, Eli Whitney); financial giants and robber barons (Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller); crusading journalists (Upton Sinclair and Ida Tarbell); and unionizer Mother Jones. More than 50 black-and-white photographs complement the text together with further reading, a time line, and index.

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James L. Outman - Industrial Revolution, Biographi es Edition 1 (2003).pdf

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James Sidbury - Becoming African in America, Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic (2007).jpg

The first slaves imported to America did not see themselves as "African" but rather as Temne, Igbo, or Yoruban. In Becoming African in America, James Sidbury reveals how an African identity emerged in the late eighteenth-century Atlantic world, tracing the development of "African" from a degrading term connoting savage people to a word that was a source of pride and unity for the diverse victims of the Atlantic slave trade.
In this wide-ranging work, Sidbury first examines the work of black writers--such as Ignatius Sancho in England and Phillis Wheatley in America--who created a narrative of African identity that took its meaning from the diaspora, a narrative that began with enslavement and the experience of the Middle Passage, allowing people of various ethnic backgrounds to become "African" by virtue of sharing the oppression of slavery. He looks at political activists who worked within the emerging antislavery moment in England and North America in the 1780s and 1790s; he describes the rise of the African church movement in various cities--most notably, the establishment of the African Methodist Episcopal Church as an independent denomination--and the efforts of wealthy sea captain Paul Cuffe to initiate a black-controlled emigration movement that would forge ties between Sierra Leone and blacks in North America; and he examines in detail the efforts of blacks to emigrate to Africa, founding Sierra Leone and Liberia.
Elegantly written and astutely reasoned, Becoming African in America weaves together intellectual, social, cultural, religious, and political threads into an important contribution to African American history, one that fundamentally revises our picture of the rich and complicated roots of African nationalist thought in the U.S. and the black Atlantic.

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James Sidbury - Becoming African in America, Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic (2007).pdf

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Jerry W. Markham - A Financial History of the Unit ed States (3-volume set) (2001).jpg

Markham (law, Univ. of North Carolina), who has an extensive background in financial regulation, makes a significant contribution with this first comprehensive financial history since Margaret Good Myers's classic A Financial History of the United States was published in 1970. Volume 1, 1492-1900, discusses the financial roots of America's European discovery and colonization, the financial exploitation that led to the American Revolution, the conflicts of interest that slowed the development of America's financial institutions, the Buttonwood agreement, the Civil War, the robber barons, the periodic panics that undermined expansion, and the investment bankers who began consolidating American industry around the turn of the century. Volume 2, 1900-1970, covers the creation of the Federal Reserve, World War I, the Roaring Twenties and stock market crash, the Great Depression, World War II, Bretton Woods, Vietnam, and the emergence of the institutional investor. Volume 3, 1970-2001, begins by describing the financial turmoil that undermined the system, the rise of derivatives, the stock market crash of 1987, the roaring Nineties and rise of the Internet, the consolidation of international finance, and the impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Each volume includes a list of illustrations, a selected bibliography, and name and subject indexes, with Volume 3 also providing cumulative indexes. This set is noteworthy because of its accessible reading style and easy-to-use format. Its one drawback is the lack of Internet references. Recommended for all academic, business, law, and larger public libraries. Norm Hutcherson, California State Univ., Bakersfield

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Jerry W. Markham - A Financial History of the Unit ed States (3-volume set) (2001) [PDF x 3].zip

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Larry M. Bartels - Unequal Democracy, The Politica l Economy of the New Gilded Age (2008).jpg

Unequal Democracy debunks many myths about politics in contemporary America, using the widening gap between the rich and the poor to shed disturbing light on the workings of American democracy. Larry Bartels shows that increasing inequality is not simply the result of economic forces, but the product of broad-reaching policy choices in a political system dominated by partisan ideologies and the interests of the wealthy.

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Larry M. Bartels - Unequal Democracy, The Politica l Economy of the New Gilded Age (2008) [PDF].rar

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Maria Hebert-Leiter - Becoming Cajun, Becoming Ame rican, The Acadian in American Literature from Lon gfellow to James Lee Burke (2009).jpg

USA Books1 - Maria Hebert-Leiter - Becoming Cajun, Becoming Americ...an Literature from Longfellow to James Lee Burke 2009.jpg

From antebellum times, Louisiana's unique multipartite society included a legal and social space for intermediary racial groups such as Acadians, Creoles, and Creoles of Color. In Becoming Cajun, Becoming American, Maria Hebert-Leiter explores how American writers have portrayed Acadian culture over the past 150 years. Combining a study of Acadian literary history with an examination of Acadian ethnic history in light of recent social theories, she offers insight into the Americanization process experienced by Acadians--who over time came to be known as Cajuns--during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

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Maria Hebert-Leiter - Becoming Cajun, Becoming Ame rican, The Acadian in American Literature from Lon gfellow to James Lee Burke (2009).pdf

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Matthew Josephson - The Robber Barons (2002).jpg

Rockefeller, Morgan, Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Harriman, Gould, Frick...this is the story of the giant american capitalists who seized economic power after the Civil War and altered the shape of american life forever. Index.

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Michael J. Makley - John Mackay, Silver King in th e Gilded Age (2009).jpg

This is a new biography of the most successful miner in the West. From the early 1870s until his death in 1902, John Mackay was among the richest men in the world, and he was without doubt the wealthiest man to emerge from Nevada's fabulous Comstock Lode. Beginning life as a poor Irish immigrant, he early developed a strong work ethic that distinguished him for the rest of his life. He came west to seek his fortune in the California Gold Rush, then moved on to Virginia City, Nevada, where he operated silver mines and discovered the 'Big Bonanza' that was three times as rich as any other Comstock strike. After making a fortune, he transferred his energies to banking and communications. John Mackay offers new insight into the life and achievements of this remarkable man. Particularly, it sets Mackay into the broader context of the Gilded Age, an era of robber barons and corruption, rapidly advancing technology, national and international capitalism, and flagrant displays of newfound wealth. Even in this milieu, he stood out, not only for his contributions to Nevada and mining history but also for fighting the consolidation and venality of corporate power in the Gilded Age. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Mackay was respected for his ethical conduct and generous philanthropy, and his unassuming lifestyle endeared him to less-affluent contemporaries. While his wife pursued social status in Europe, maintaining palatial estates in Paris and London, Mackay mostly remained in the U.S., tending to his many business concerns and shunning publicity. This fascinating new biography contributes significantly to our understanding of the development of the Far West and of business and society in the Gilded Age.

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Michael J. Makley - John Mackay, Silver King in th e Gilded Age (2009).pdf

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Milestones American History - Tim McNeese - The Ro bber Barons and the Sherman Antitrust Act, Reshapi ng American Business (2008).jpg

USA Books1 - Milestones American History - Tim McNeese - The Robbe...erman Antitrust Act, Reshaping American Business 2008.jpg

During the decades following the American Civil War, the economy of the United States experienced phenomenal growth. At every turn - in agriculture, shipping, merchandizing, manufacturing, and transportation - a new American system of production and distribution was born. As the economy grew, so did the personal wealth of a handful of intrepid investors, dealmakers, and Wall Street financiers. A new class of business leaders was born, dominating their sectors of the nation's ever-expanding industrial base. To some, they were the mighty titans of industry. To others, they were greedy robber barons.As the American people came to question the robber barons' self-serving business practices, observers called for reform. The call was answered in 1890 with the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act, a piece of legislation designed to bring down these controlling interests in the U.S. economy. "The Robber Barons and the Sherman Antitrust Act" explores the foundations and repercussions of the law that reshaped American business.

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Milestones American History - Tim McNeese - The Ro bber Barons and the Sherman Antitrust Act, Reshapi ng American Business (2008).pdf

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T. Adams Upchurch - Historical Dictionary of the G ilded Age (2009).jpg

This series on Historical Dictionaries of U.S. Historical Eras is filling in the blanks, and as noted above, the Gilded Age was an important but often overlooked period.

This dictionary contains articles chosen for their comparative significance to the broad panorama of American history during the Gilded Age. Many important people, issues, and events have been excluded in the interest of brevity. Choices of what to include were subjective, so exclusion does not necessarily indicate insignifi cance. In some cases, collective entries proved more useful than individualized ones. For instance, the entries “Literature,” “Periodicals,” and “The Press” cover most of the major authors, editors, literary movements, books, and infl uential publications of the Gilded Age much more succinctly than several dozen individual entries could.

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