In the ten probing essays collected in this volume, Howard C. Westwood recounts the often bitter experiences of black men who were admitted to military service and the wrenching problems associated with the shifting status of African Americans during the Civil War.
Black Troops, White Commanders, and Freedmen during the Civil War covers topics ranging from the roles played by Lincoln and Grant in beginning black soldiery to the sensitive issues that arose when black soldiers (and their white officers) were captured by the Confederates. The essays relate the exploits of black heroes such as Robert Smalls, who singlehandedly captured a Confederate steamer, as well as the experiences of the ignoble Reverend Fountain Brown, who became the first person charged with violating the Emancipation Proclamation.
Although many thousands were enlisted as soldiers, blacks were barred from becoming commissioned officers and for a long time they were paid far less than their white counterparts. These and other blatant forms of discrimination understandably provoked discontent among black troops which, in turn, sparked friction with their white commanders. Westwood's fascinating account of the artillery company from Rhode Island amply demonstrates how frustrations among black soldiers came to be seen as "mutiny" by some white officers.

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Howard Westwood - Black Troops, White Commanders a nd Freedmen during the Civil War (2008).pdf

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Maryemma Graham - Companion to the African America n Novel (2004).jpg

Combining scholarship covering one hundred fifty years of novel writing in the U.S., newly commissioned essays examine eighty African American novels. They include well-known works as well as writings recently recovered or acknowledged. The collection features essays on the slave narrative, coming of age, vernacular modernism, and the post-colonial novel to help readers gain a better appreciation of the African American novel's diversity and complexity.

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Richard A. Sauers - How To Do Civil War Research ( 2000).jpg

The demand by the general public for new material on the American Civil War has increased greatly in recent years. Information is being sought on projects ranging from researching the wartime service of ancestors to more accurate details for re-enacting and wargaming, to those who want to try their hand at writing a Civil War book or article.

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Richard A. Sauers - How To Do Civil War Research ( 2000).pdf

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Gary Hart - The Fourth Power; A Grand Strategy for the United States in the Twenty-First Century (20 04).jpg

Today, even as America asserts itself globally, it lacks a grand strategy to replace "containment of communism." In this short, sharp book, Gary Hart outlines a new grand strategy, one directing America's powers to the achievement of its large purposes. Central to this strategy is the power of American ideals, what Hart calls "the fourth power." Constitutional liberties, representative government, press freedom - these and other democratic principles, attractive to peoples worldwide, constitute a resource that may prove as important to national security and the national interest in this dangerous new century as traditional military, economic and political might. Writes Hart: "The idea that government exists to protect, not oppress, the individual has an enormous power not fully understood by most Americans who take this principle for granted from birth. Far more nations will follow us because of the power of this ideal than the might of all our weapons." Against those who view America's noblest values as an inconvenience or even hindrance to the exertion of influence abroad, Hart warns that we ignore principle only at our peril. Such an approach may serve short-term goals, but there are costs; among them is the compromising of a crucial strategic asset, America's fourth power. Certain objectives require a military response--few serious people would disagree. The question is "whether America's purposes are best achieved through empire and force or through principle and persuasion." To suggest the former, Hart argues, is to misread both history and our current revolutionary age, one where terrorism, the internationalization of markets, information technology, eroding nation-state authority and other realities demand not doctrines of superstate unilateralism and preemption but rather appreciation for new collective security structures, international regulatory bodies, even forms of collaborative sovereignty. Applying the best insights of strategy to statecraft, Hart finds fuzziness, overreaching, and "theological" simplicity in America's current foreign policy. Nor does he believe the war on terror, necessary in the near term, will itself serve to chart America's larger strategic course. A bracing vision of an America responsive to a full spectrum of global challenges, The Fourth Power calls for a deeper understanding both of the threats we face and the profound strengths at our disposal to fight them.

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Gary Hart - The Fourth Power; A Grand Strategy for the United States in the Twenty-First Century (20 04).pdf

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Peter Duren - A Century of Mathematics in America, 3 Vol. Set (1991).jpg

In the year 1888, Thomas S. Fiske and some of his colleagues at Columbia University founded the New York Mathematical Society. As the organization grew to national scope, the name was changed in 1894 to the American Mathematical Society. Since that time, the Society has grown to represent a large and diverse group of mathematicians and to exert a strong influence on the progress of mathematical research throughout the world.
Observing the approach of the Centennial year, the AMS Committee on the Publication Program decided to mark the occasion with the publication of appropriate historical materials. The Committee on History of Mathematics
was appointed to organize and oversee the collection of suitable materials, and to continue a program of publication of mathematical history beyond the Centennial year. The members of the latter committee were Peter Duren (Chairman), Richard Askey, Bruno Harris, and Uta Merzbach.

Part I of A Century of Mathematics in America, published for the Centennial celebration of the American Mathematical Society in August 1988, featured a collection of "autobiographically oriented historical articles" by senior American mathematicians. In Part II the emphasis now shifts to histories of mathematical activity at some of the major academic institutions in America: Harvard, Yale, Chicago, Princeton, Stanford, Berkeley, and NYU.
The selection of institutions was governed to some extent by the willingness of qualified people to put aside other obligations and produce these historical accounts on relatively short notice. In most cases the primary accounts are supplemented by reprinted articles of recent vintage, and by older materials.

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Peter Duren - A Century of Mathematics in America, 3 Vol. Set (1991).djvu

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Pierre Lemieux - Somebody in Charge; A Solution to Recessions (2011).jpg

"Lemieux argues that the government's clumsy and ill-considered attempts to control market outcomes have often been at the heart of economic instability, and that the recent subprime crisis is a telling example of the costs of risky interventionism into the financial system. People who find that argument surprising may be even more surprised by how much their horizons will be broadened by reading this book." —Charles Calomiris, Henry Kaufman Professor of Financial Institutions, Columbia University Graduate School of Business

"Most people think that the recent financial crisis is attributable to greedy bankers and low interest rates. The scientific literature suggests otherwise. I have worked on this issue, and read much about the argument (the work of Levine or Rajan to name a few), but I never saw it so eloquently put than by Pierre Lemieux in his ''Somebody in Charge''. It is a delight to go pages after pages and see how brilliantly the author demonstrates the deep involvement of the government in the making-of of this tragedy. Any reader would benefit tremendously from this reading, opening our eyes on the possibility that ''the authorities'' is just a mental creation of our mind trying to escape the naked truth : there is no such a thing as a mechanistic, manageable, and predictable society. Society is a matter of Nature." —Christian Calmès, Professor of Economics and Finance, Université du Québec en Outaouais Administrative Science Department

"Far too many works about the recent financial crisis either turn on anecdotal personal accounts with sensationalistic and exaggerated finger pointing or are hopelessly enmeshed in highly technical financial details and economic theories. Nearly all perpetuate the widespread myth that the crisis resulted from some giant market failure. Pierre Limieux's SOMEBODY IN CHARGE systematically and convincingly demolishes that myth. In doing so, he offers not only a readable survey of the myriad government regulations, interventions, and institutions that hobbled the market economy before the crisis and brought on that calamity, but also an accessible and insightful introduction to recent financial innovations and alternative economic theories." —Jeffrey Rogers Hummel, Department of Economics, San Jose State University

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Pierre Lemieux - Somebody in Charge; A Solution to Recessions (2011).pdf

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New York Times Staff - Open Secrets; WikiLeaks, Wa r, and American Diplomacy (2011).jpg

The controversial anti-secrecy organization WikiLeaks made headlines around the world when it released hundreds of thousands of classified U.S. government documents in 2010. Allowed advance access, The New York Times sorted, searched, and analyzed these secret archives, placed them in context, and played a crucial role in breaking the WikiLeaks story. Open Secrets is the essential collection of the Times’s expert reporting and analysis, as well as the definitive chronicle of the documents’ release and the controversy that ensued. An introduction by Times executive editor, Bill Keller, details the paper’s cloak-and-dagger relationship with a difficult source. Extended profiles of Assange and Bradley Manning, the Army private suspected of being his source, offer keen insight into the main players. Collected news stories offer a broad and deep view into Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the messy challenges facing American power in Europe, Russia, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Also included are editorials by the Times, opinion columns by Frank Rich, Maureen Dowd, and others, and original essays on what the fracas has revealed about American diplomacy and government security. Open Secrets also contains a fascinating selection of original cables and war logs, offering an unvarnished look at diplomacy in action.

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New York Times Staff - Open Secrets; WikiLeaks, Wa r, and American Diplomacy (2011).mobi

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Donald T. Garate - Juan Bautista De Anza; Basque E xplorer in the New World, 1693-1740 (2003).jpg

The name of Juan Bautista de Anza the younger is a fairly familiar one in the contemporary Southwest because of the various streets, schools, and other places that bear his name. Few people, however, are familiar with his father, the elder Juan Bautista de Anza, whose activities were crucial to the survival of the tenuous and far-flung settlements of Spain's northernmost colonial frontier. For this first comprehensive biography of the elder Anza, Donald T. Garate spent more than ten years researching archives in Spain and the Americas. The result is a lively, vividly drawn picture of the Spanish borderlands and the hardy, ambitious colonists who peopled them. Anza was born in the Basque Country in 1693, a poor boy in a typical Basque village. Like so many of his contemporaries, he made his way as a young man to America, where he joined many of his Basque compatriots as part of Spain's colonial establishment. After working for a few years as a miner in Sonora, he became a soldier and spent the rest of his life protecting a vast and turbulent territory covering much of present-day Sonora and Arizona, as well as parts of Chihuahua, Texas, and New Mexico, struggling to maintain order among the settlers, establish trade routes, and pacify the numerous hostile Indian peoples. Anza's career exemplifies the vital role played by Basques in the settlement of Spanish America. Upon arrival in Mexico, he became part of a vast ethnic network of Basques who were finding in the colonies the opportunities for professional and economic advancement denied them in their crowded and poverty-riddled homeland. Anza's brief but eventful career was part of this Basque contribution to the settlement of the Americas, and represented the adventurous life of an authentic frontier hero.

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Donald T. Garate - Juan Bautista De Anza; Basque E xplorer in the New World, 1693-1740 (2003).pdf

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Richard W. Pointer - Encounters of the Spirit; Nat ive Americans and European Colonial Religion (2007 ).jpg

Historians have long been aware that the encounter with Europeans affected all aspects of Native American life. But were Indians the only ones changed by these cross-cultural meetings? Might the newcomers' ways, including their religious beliefs and practices, have also been altered amid their myriad contacts with native peoples? In Encounters of the Spirit, Richard W. Pointer takes up these intriguing questions in an innovative study of the religious encounter between Indians and Euro-Americans in early America. Exploring a series of episodes across the three centuries of the colonial era and stretching from New Spain to New France and the English settlements, he finds that the flow of cultural influence was more often reciprocal than unidirectional.

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Richard W. Pointer - Encounters of the Spirit; Nat ive Americans and European Colonial Religion (2007 ).pdf

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Colonial Settlements in America - Larry Van Meter - Yerba Buena (2007).jpg

The plant's most common name, the same in English and Spanish, is an alternate form of the Spanish hierba buena (meaning "good herb"). The name was bestowed by pioneer Catholic priests of Alta California as they settled an area where the plant is native. It was so abundant there that its name was also applied to the settler's town adjacent to Mission San Francisco de Asís. In 1846, the town of Yerba Buena was seized by the United States during the Mexican-American War, and its name was changed in 1847 to San Francisco, after a nearby mission. Three years later, the name was applied to a nearby rocky island; today millions of commuters drive through the tunnel on Yerba Buena Island that connects the spans of the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge.

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Colonial Settlements in America - Larry Van Meter - Yerba Buena (2007).pdf

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Colonial Settlements in America - Shane Mountjoy - St. Augustine (2007).jpg

Florida

Founded in 1565, St. Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied settlement of European and African-American origin in the United States. Forty-two years before the English colonized Jamestown and fifty-five years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, the Spanish established at St. Augustine this nation's first enduring settlement.

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Colonial Settlements in America - Shane Mountjoy - St. Augustine (2007).pdf

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Colonial Settlements in America - Tim McNeese - Pl ymouth (2007).jpg

In 1607 about one hundred settlers sent by the Virginia Company arrived at Jamestown, the first permanent British settlement. It later grew into the Virginia colony. The English merchants who organized the Jamestown colonists expected prosperity or wealth from the venture. They were particularly interested in sources of gold. Not finding great fortune and treasures, the colonists began growing tobacco by 1612 for shipment back to England. Tobacco provided a steady economic base for the young settlement. In 1619 the colonists formed their first representative legislature (body of persons authorized to make and change laws) called the House of Burgesses.

Another settlement occurred in 1620 when the Puritans, English Protestants who opposed the Church of England, traveled across the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower. They landed in New England and established the Plymouth settlement. Also known as Pilgrims, they came to America seeking religious freedom rather than economic gain. Before leaving the ship, the Pilgrims created the Mayflower Compact, an agreement to provide "just and equal laws" in their settlement. They agreed to abide by rules for the general good of all.

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Colonial Settlements in America - Tim McNeese - Pl ymouth (2007).pdf

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United States Army in World War II - Robert Ross S mith - The Approach to the Philippines (1996).jpg

The Approach to the Philippines deals principally with lesser known bUt highly interesting amphibious and ground operations along the New Guinea coast during 1944 and also relates the Army's part in the conquest of the southern Palau Islands.

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United States Army in World War II - Robert Ross S mith - The Approach to the Philippines (1996).pdf

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Jeff Rubin - Why Your World Is About to Get a Whol e Lot Smaller; Oil and the End of Globalization (2 009).jpg

An internationally renowned energy expert has written a book essential for every American–a galvanizing account of how the rising price and diminishing availability of oil are going to radically change our lives. Why Your World Is About to Get a Whole Lot Smaller is a powerful and provocative book that explores what the new global economy will look like and what it will mean for all of us.
In a compelling and accessible style, Jeff Rubin reveals that despite the recent recessionary dip, oil prices will skyrocket again once the economy recovers. The fact is, worldwide oil reserves are disappearing for good. Consequently, the amount of food and other goods we get from abroad will be curtailed; long-distance driving will become a luxury and international travel rare. Globalization as we know it will reverse. The near future will be a time that, in its physical limits, may resemble the distant past.
But Why Your World Is About to Get a Whole Lot Smaller is a hopeful work about how we can benefit–personally, politically, and economically–from this new reality. American industries such as steel and agriculture, for instance, will be revitalized. As well, Rubin prescribes priorities for President Obama and other leaders, from imposing carbon tariffs that will increase competition and productivity, to investing in mass transit instead of car-clogged highways, to forging “green” alliances between labor and management that will be good for both business and the air we breathe.
Most passionately, Rubin recommends ways every citizen can secure this better life for himself, actions that will end our enslavement to chain-store taste and strengthen our communities and timeless human values.

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Kerry L. Haynie - African American Legislators in the American States (2001).jpg

Has black inclusion in the political process changed political institutions and led to more black influence in the governmental process? How do African American legislators balance racial interests with broader issues of government? And how is their effectiveness subjectively perceived and objectively evaluated? In one of the first book-length studies to analyze the behavior of African American state legislators in multiple legislative sessions across five states, Kerry Haynie has compiled a wealth of valuable data that reveals the dynamics and effectiveness of black participation in the legislative process. Owing to the increasing role of state government in administering what he defines as key "black issues" - education, healthcare, poverty/social welfare, civil rights, and children´s issues -Haynie focuses on bills introduced in these categories in Arkansas, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, and North Carolina. The book reveals how responsive political institutions have been to the nation´s largest minority group. It explores the question of how legislators deal with the "duality dilemma" -which requires them to be both responsible legislators and race representatives -and whether agendas should be "deracialized" in order to appeal to a broader constituency. Along with numerous statistical charts illustrating everything from representation on house standing committees to a ranking of the fifteen legislative sessions by quartiles of African American political incorporation, a useful and revealing portrait emerges -one that will fuel debate and inform future discussions of the role of African Americans in the political process.

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James D. Schmidt - Industrial Violence and the Leg al Origins of Child Labor (2010).jpg

Industrial Violence and the Legal Origins of Child Labor challenges existing understandings of child labor by tracing how law altered the meanings of work for young people in the United States between the Revolution and the Great Depression. Rather than locating these shifts in statutory reform or economic development, it finds the origin in litigations that occurred in the wake of industrial accidents incurred by young workers. Drawing on archival case records from the Appalachian South between the 1880s and the 1920s, the book argues that young workers and their families envisioned an industrial childhood that rested on negotiating safe workplaces, a vision at odds with child labor reform. Local court battles over industrial violence confronted working people with a legal language of childhood incapacity and slowly moved them to accept the lexicon of child labor. In this way, the law fashioned the broad social relations of modern industrial childhood.

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James D. Schmidt - Industrial Violence and the Leg al Origins of Child Labor (2010).pdf

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Stephen E. Ambrose - Band of Brothers; E Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hi tler's Eagle's Nest (2001).jpg

USA Books1 - Stephen E. Ambrose - Band of Brothers E Company, 506t...st Airborne from Normandy to Hitlers Eagles Nest 2001.jpg

Ambrose ( Pegasus Bridge ) narrates in vivid detail the adventures, misadventures, triumphs and tragedies of a single U.S. Army infantry company over its span of organizational life. Formed in July 1944 and deactivated in November 1945, E Company was one of the most successful light infantry units in the European theater. Its troops saw their first action on D-Day behind the Normandy beachhead, took part in Operation Market Garden in Holland, held the perimeter around Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge, and were the first to reach Hitler's Bavarian outpost at Berchtesgaden. The book is enlivened with pertinent comments by veterans of "Easy Company," who recall not only the combat action but their relations with their officers (one company commander was a petty tyrant of the worst type, but his oppressive ways had much to do with the unit's impressive esprit de corps ) and their impressions of the countries through which they campaigned (hated the French, loved the Germans). This is a terrific read for WW II actions buffs.

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