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Tom And Jerry In The Dog House avi PL

◄Mein Kampf. Anatomia Hitlerowskiej Zbrodni

♥ Historia II WS

17.Nauki pomocnicze historii

2011 Best Ebooks

Aleksander Wielki

All History

Allen Paul - Katyń, Stalinowska masakra i triumf prawdy (Katyń, Stalin Massacre - 1991)

Ameryka - II Wojna Światowa

DZIEJE WYPRAW KRZYŻOWYCH- Steven Runciman

Historia - Średniowiecze

HISTORIA POWSZECHNA(1)

Historyczne bitwy

II wojna swiatowa

III Rzesza - Tajemnicza broń

Instytut Pamięci Narodowej

Jasienica Paweł

Książki historyczne (do seg.)

Kwartalnik Historyczny

RZECZPOSPOLITA OBOJGA NARODÓW

Średniowiecze

średniowiecze( 1)

Studenckie Zeszyty Historyczne

Warsaw Uprising - Powstanie Warszawskie

ZDJĘCIA Z POWSTANIA WARSZAWSKIE GO

World War II(2)

Zarys Historii Pułków Polskich

Zwycięstwa i Chwała Oręża Polskiego

Lektury

Musica Italiana

	Francesco Napoli
	Francesco Napoli(1)
	Francesco Napoli-Balla ... Balla(OK)

Prywatne

Rzym

Rzym - Serial

	sezon 1
	sezon 2

Stare bajeczki polonia 1

	Generał Daimos
	w Królestwie kalendarza
	Yattaman

WŁADCY POLSKI

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325 KB
9 sty 13 22:27

Miniatury morskie EWM 3-3 - Andrzej Fiett - Bitwa u ujscia Jalu (2006).jpg

17 września 1894 roku admirał Ting Ju-Chang był od rana w świetnym humorze. Jego flota stała na kotwicy kilka mil od wybrzeża Korei, pięknie się prezentując w promieniach słońca, które wzeszło na bezchmurnym niebie i odbijało się od spokojnej tafli Morza Żółtego. Dobre samopoczucie admirała wynikało nie tylko z pięknej pogody, lecz także z poczucia przewagi nad potencjalnym przeciwnikiem - eskadrą japońską, której można się było spodziewać w każdej chwili, ale w składzie której nie było równorzędnych przeciwników dla dwóch chińskich pancerników: „Ting-yuen" i „Chcn-yuen" - uchodzących za najsilniejsze okręty na całym Dalekim Wschodzie. Wszystkie jednostki dowodzone przez admirała utrzymywały odpowiednie ciśnienie pary w kotłach, by po pojawieniu się wroga ruszyć na niego zaraz po podniesieniu kotwic.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Miniatury morskie EWM 3-3 - Andrzej Fiett - Bitwa u ujscia Jalu (2006).pdf

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9 sty 13 22:27

Piers Brendon - The Decline and Fall of the Britis h Empire, 1781-1997 (2008).jpg

The title, taken from Gibbon’s immortal work on imperial Rome, was chosen since British imperialists consciously compared their empire to the Roman imperium. Despite the title, this is no dreary tale of imperial decay and collapse. Instead, Brendon, a fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge, has written a colorful and often brilliant examination of the imperial experience from the American Revolution to the return of Hong Kong to Chinese sovereignty. He combines the genres of narrative history, travelogue, and biographical sketch to capture the richness, majesty, squalor, and injustice that created and maintained a vast edifice that has left an indelible imprint on the contemporary world. The narrative ranges across imperial settings in a successful effort to illustrate how both ordinary and extraordinary people lived, thrived, and often suffered under the British flag. Of course, decline and ultimate fall is part of the story. As a liberal empire based (in spirit if not always in practice) on the ideals of political liberty and even equality, it was an empire that contained the seeds of its own destruction, as citizens from America to India took those ideals to heart. The breadth, diversity, greatness, and failures of the British Empire have rarely been portrayed as well.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Rajnarayan Chandavarkar - The Origins of Industria l Capitalism in India; Business Strategies and the Working Classes in Bombay, 1900-1940 (2002).jpg

All History - Rajnarayan Chandavarkar - The Origins of Industrial C...ies and the Working Classes in Bombay, 1900-1940 2002.jpg

In this book, Rajnarayan Chandavarkar presents the first major study of the relationship between labor and capital in India's economic development in the early twentieth century. He explores the emergence of capitalism in the region, the development of the cotton textile industry, its particular problems in the 1920s and 1930s and the mill owners' and the states' responses to them. The author also investigates how a labor force was formed in Bombay, its rural roots, urban networks, industrial organization and the way in which it shaped capitalist strategies.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Siegfreid Kracauer - From Caligary to Hitler; A Ps ychological History of the German Film (1947).jpg

From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film is a book by film critic and writer Siegfried Kracauer, published in 1947. The book is considered one of the first major studies of German film between World War I and World War II.
First published in 1947, it was a survey covering four major periods: The Archaic Period (1895–1918), The Postwar Period (1918–1924), The Stabilized Period (1924–1929) and The Pre-Hitler Period (1930–1933). The book also includes Propaganda and the Nazi War Film, a critical and psychological analysis of Nazi propaganda film. That particular section was a reprint of a pamphlet of the same name released by the Museum of Modern Art in 1942. As Kracauer was a film critic at the time many of the films he discusses were first released, he melds his theory of trends in the film market with political tendencies within the German social politics. Funded by Museum of Modern Art as well as a Rockefeller Foundation grant, From Caligari to Hitler is considered by many to be one of the most important works on the subject of German cinema, standing with Theory of Film: The Redemption of Physical Reality (1960) as classic scholarship.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Siegfreid Kracauer - From Caligary to Hitler; A Ps ychological History of the German Film (1947).pdf

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9 sty 13 22:27

Emily Benichou Gottreich - The Mellah of Marrakesh ; Jewish and Muslim Space in Morocco's Red City (2 007).jpg

Weaving together threads from Jewish history and Islamic urban studies, The Mellah of Marrakesh situates the history of what was once the largest Jewish quarter in the Arab world in its proper historical and geographical contexts. Although framed by coverage of both earlier and later periods, the book focuses on the late 19th century, a time when both the vibrancy of the mellah and the tenacity of longstanding patterns of inter-communal relations that took place within its walls were being severely tested. How local Jews and Muslims, as well as resident Europeans lived the big political, economic, and social changes of the pre- and early colonial periods is reconstructed in Emily Gottreich's vivid narrative.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Emily Benichou Gottreich - The Mellah of Marrakesh ; Jewish and Muslim Space in Morocco's Red City (2 007).pdf

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9 sty 13 22:27

Simon Partner - Toshié; A Story of Village Life in Twentieth-Century Japan (2004).jpg

All History - Simon Partner - Toshi A Story of Village Life in Twentieth-Century Japan 2004.jpg

Sakaue Toshié was born on August 14, 1925, into a family of tenant farmers and day laborers in the hamlet of Kosugi. The world she entered was one of hard labor, poverty, dirt, disease, and frequent early death. By the 1970s, that rural world had changed almost beyond recognition. Toshié is the story of that extraordinary transformation as witnessed and experienced by Toshié herself. A sweeping social history of the Japanese countryside in its twentieth-century transition from "peasant" to "consumer" society, the book is also a richly textured account of the life of one village woman and her community caught up in the inexorable march of historical events.
Through the lens of Toshié's life, Simon Partner shows us the realities of rural Japanese life during the 1930s depression; daily existence under the wartime regime of "spiritual mobilization"; the land reform and its consequences during occupation; and the rapid emergence of a consumer culture against the background of agricultural mechanization during the 1950s and 1960s. In some ways representative and in other ways unique, Toshié's narrative raises questions about conventional frameworks of twentieth-century Japanese history, and about the place of individual agency and choice in an era often seen as dominated by the impersonal forces of modernity: technology, state power, and capitalism.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Simon Partner - Toshié; A Story of Village Life in Twentieth-Century Japan (2004).pdf

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9 sty 13 22:27

Margaret M. Mitchell, Frances M. Young - The Cambr idge History of Christianity, Vol. 1; Origins to C onstantine (2006).jpg

All History - Margaret M. Mitchell, Frances M. Young - The Cambridg... of Christianity, Vol. 1 Origins to Constantine 2006.jpg

The first of the nine volume Cambridge History of Christianity series, Origins to Constantine provides a comprehensive overview of the essential events, persons, places and issues involved in the emergence of the Christian religion in the Mediterranean world in the first three centuries. Over thirty essays written by scholarly experts trace this dynamic history from the time of Jesus through to the rise of Imperial Christianity in the fourth century. It provides thoughtful and well-documented analyses of the diverse forms of Christian community, identity and practice that arose within decades of Jesus's death, and which through missionary efforts were soon implanted throughout the Roman Empire. Origins to Constantine examines the distinctive characteristics of Christian groups in each geographical region up to the end of the third century, while also exploring the development of the institutional forms, intellectual practices and theological formulations that would mark Christian history in subsequent centuries.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Augustine Casiday, Frederick W. Norris - The Cambr idge History of Christianity, Vol. 2 - Constantine to c.600 (2007).jpg

All History - Augustine Casiday, Frederick W. Norris - The Cambridg... of Christianity, Vol. 2 - Constantine to c.600 2007.jpg

This volume in the Cambridge History of Christianity presents the 'Golden Age' of patristic Christianity. After episodes of persecution by the Roman government, Christianity emerged as a licit religion enjoying imperial patronage and eventually became the favoured religion of the empire. The articles in this volume discuss the rapid transformation of Christianity during late antiquity, giving specific consideration to artistic, social, literary, philosophical, political, inter-religious and cultural aspects. The volume moves away from simple dichotomies and reductive schematizations (e.g., 'heresy v. orthodoxy') toward an inclusive description of the diverse practices and theories that made up Christianity at this time. Whilst proportional attention is given to the emergence of the Great Church within the Roman Empire, other topics are treated as well - such as the development of Christian communities outside the empire.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Thomas F. X. Noble, Julia M. H. Smith - The Cambri dge History of Christianity, Vol. 3; Early Medieva l Christianities,c. 600 –c. 1100 (2008).jpg

All History - Thomas F. X. Noble, Julia M. H. Smith - The Cambridge.... 3 Early Medieval Christianities,c. 600 c. 1100 2008.jpg

The key focus of this book is the vitality and dynamism of all aspects of Christian experience from late antiquity to the First Crusade. By putting the institutional and doctrinal history firmly in the context of Christianity's many cultural manifestations and lived formations everywhere from Afghanistan to Iceland, this volume of The Cambridge History of Christianity emphasizes the ever-changing, varied expressions of Christianity at both local and world level. The insights of many disciplines, including gender studies, codicology, archaeology and anthropology, are deployed to offer fresh interpretations which challenge the conventional truths concerning this formative period. Addressing eastern, Byzantine and western Christianity, it explores encounters between Christians and others, notably Jews, Muslims, and pagans; the institutional life of the church including law, reform and monasticism; the pastoral and sacramental contexts of worship, belief and morality; and finally its cultural and theological meanings, including heresy, saints' cults and the afterlife.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Miri Rubin, Walter Simons - The Cambridge History of Christianity, Vol. 4; Christianity in Western E urope c. 1100 – c. 1500 (2009).jpg

All History - Miri Rubin, Walter Simons - The Cambridge History of ...Christianity in Western Europe c. 1100 c. 1500 2009.jpg

During the early middle ages, Europe developed complex and varied Christian cultures, and from about 1100 secular rulers, competing factions and inspired individuals continued to engender a diverse and ever-changing mix within Christian society. This volume explores the wide range of institutions, practices and experiences associated with the life of European Christians in the later middle ages. The clergy of this period initiated new approaches to the role of priests, bishops and popes, and developed an ambitious project to instruct the laity. For lay people, the practices of parish religion were central, but many sought additional ways to enrich their lives as Christians. Impulses towards reform and renewal periodically swept across Europe, led by charismatic preachers and supported by secular rulers. This book provides accessible accounts of these complex historical processes and entices the reader towards further enquiry.

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Michael Angold - The Cambridge History of Christia nity, Vol. 5; Eastern Christianity (2006).jpg

This volume brings together in one compass the Orthodox Churches - the ecumenical patriarchate of Constantinople and the Russian, Armenian, Ethiopian, Egyptian and Syrian Churches. It follows their fortunes from the late Middle Ages until modern times - exactly the period when their history has been most neglected. Inevitably, this emphasises differences in teachings and experience, but it also brings out common threads, most notably the resilience displayed in the face of alien and often hostile political regimes. The central theme is the survival against the odds of Orthodoxy in its many forms into the modern era. The last phase of Byzantium proves to have been surprisingly important in this survival. It provided Orthodoxy with the intellectual, artistic and spiritual reserves to meet later challenges. The continuing vitality of the Orthodox Churches is evident for example in the Sunday School Movement in Egypt and the Zoe brotherhood in Greece.

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9 sty 13 22:27

R. Po-Chia Hsia - The Cambridge History of Christi anity, Vol. 6; Reform and Expansion 1500-1660 (200 7).jpg

This authoritative volume presents the history of Christianity from the eve of the Protestant Reformation to the height of Catholic Reform. In addition to in-depth coverage of the politics and theology of various reform movements in the sixteenth century, this book discusses at length the impact of the permanent schism on Latin Christendom, the Catholic responses to it, and the influence on the development of the Orthodox churches. This comprehensive and comparative overview covers the history of society, politics, theology, liturgy, religious orders, and art in the lands of Latin Christianity. In thirty chapters written by an international team of contributors the volume expands the boundaries of inquiry to the relationship between Christianity and non-Christian religions - Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism - both in Europe and in the non-European world.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Stewart J. Brown, Timothy Tackett - The Cambridge History of Christianity, Vol. 7; Enlightenment, Re awakening and Revolution 1660-1815 (2006).jpg

All History - Stewart J. Brown, Timothy Tackett - The Cambridge His...ghtenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660-1815 2006.jpg

During the tumultuous period of world history from 1660 to 1815, three complex movements combined to bring a fundamental cultural reorientation to Europe and North America, and ultimately to the wider world. The Enlightenment transformed views of nature and of the human capacity to master nature. The religious reawakenings brought a revival of heart-felt, experiential Christianity. Finally revolution, the political and social upheavals of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, challenged established ideas of divine-right monarchies and divinely ordained social hierarchies, and promoted more democratic government, notions of human rights and religious toleration. A new religious climate emerged, in which people were more likely to look to their own feelings and experiences for the basis of their faith. During this same period, Christianity spread widely around the world as a result of colonialism and missions, and responded in diverse ways to its encounters with other cultures and religious traditions.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Sheridan Gilley, Brian Stanley - The Cambridge His tory of Christianity, Vol. 8; World Christianities c.1815–c.1914 (2006).jpg

All History - Sheridan Gilley, Brian Stanley - The Cambridge Histor...ianity, Vol. 8 World Christianities c.1815c.1914 2006.jpg

This is the first scholarly treatment of nineteenth century Christianity to discuss the subject in a global context. Part I analyses the responses of Catholic and Protestant Christianity to the intellectual and social challenges presented by European modernity. It gives attention to the explosion of new voluntary forms of Christianity and the expanding role of women in religious life. Part II surveys the diverse and complex relationships between the churches and nationalism, resulting in fundamental changes to the connections between church and state. Part III examines the varied fortunes of Christianity as it expanded its historic bases in Asia and Africa, established itself for the first time in Australasia, and responded to the challenges and opportunities of the European colonial era. Each chapter has a full bibliography providing guidance on further reading.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Hugh McLeod - The Cambridge History of Christianit y, Vol. 9; World Christianities c.1914–c.2000 (200 6).jpg

The twentieth century saw changes as dramatic as any in Christian history. The Churches suffered serious losses, both through persecution and through secularisation, in what had been for several centuries their European heartlands, but grew fast in Africa and parts of Asia. This volume provides a comprehensive history of Catholicism, Protestantism and the Independent Churches in all parts of the world in the century when Christianity truly became a global religion. Written by a powerful team of specialists from many different countries, the volume is broad in scope. The first part focuses on institutions and movements which have had a worldwide impact, including the papacy, the ecumenical movement and Pentecostalism. The second provides a narrative of Christian history in each region of the world. The third focuses on selected themes from an international perspective, including changes in worship, relations with Jews and Muslims, science and the arts, gender and sexuality.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Joseph Campbell - The Masks of God; Primitive Myth ology (2009).jpg

Part of a series of studies on world mythologies, this volume looks at the primitive roots of the mythology of the world as they are examined in the light of the most recent discoveries in archaeology, anthropology and psychology.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Roland Barthes - Mythologies (1972).jpg

"[Mythologies] illustrates the beautiful generosity of Barthes's progressive interest in the meaning (his word is signification) of practically everything around him, not only the books and paintings of high art, but also the slogans, trivia, toys, food, and popular rituals (cruises, striptease, eating, wrestling matches) of contemporary life . . . For Barthes, words and objects have in common the organized capacity to say something; at the same time, since they are signs, words and objects have the bad faith always to appear natural to their consumer, as if what they say is eternal, true, necessary, instead of arbitrary, made, contingent. Mythologies finds Barthes revealing the fashioned systems of ideas that make it possible, for example, for 'Einstein's brain' to stand for, be the myth of, 'a genius so lacking in magic that one speaks about his thought as a functional labor analogous to the mechanical making of sausages.' Each of the little essays in this book wrenches a definition out of a common but constructed object, making the object speak its hidden, but ever-so-present, reservoir of manufactured sense."

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Roland Barthes - Mythologies (1972).pdf

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Albert A. Nofi - The Waterloo Campaign; June 1815 (2008).jpg

Albert Nofi has used his many years of research to produce an account of the battle of Waterloo that has all the grandeur and military detail one could want, but which never loses its interest in individual human experience. Here Napoleon rides forward to take personal command of a small detachment of French Marines to fight his way across the Sambre river on the way to Waterloo. Hanoverian exiles who have been fighting Napoleon for a decade under English command are surrounded and wiped out in a classic "last stand" at the hour of victory.The Waterloo Campaign also covers the death of the Duke of Brunswick, the reconciliation of Napoleon and his estranged brother Jerome in the crucible of battle, and the tragic loss and miraculous delivery of many ordinary people.In addition to its popular appeal, Albert Nofi's The Waterloo Campaign has found favor with the most demanding of military enthusiasts. Waterloo is a Military Book Club Main Selection in the U.S. and has been selected for a special European edition. Special features of The Waterloo Campaign include the most complete orders of battle available for the British, French and Prussian armies, a detailed comparison of artillery and musketry capabilities, sidebars profiling many of the personalities of the campaign, weather conditions for each hour of the battle and the best-informed estimates available on unit strengths and casualties, for horses as well as humans, during the campaign.New York educator Albert Nofi appeared frequently as a radio and TV military commentator during the Persian Gulf War, always balancing the grand principles of command against the individual human drama. He is the author of numerous books, including The Spanish American War 1898, The Marine Corps Book of Lists, and The War Against Hitler.

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Albert A. Nofi - The Waterloo Campaign; June 1815 (2008).epub

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Osprey PL - WBH 30 - Andrew Robertshaw - Bitwa nad Sommą 1916; Tragedia i triumf (2010).jpg

Somma to rzeka na północy Francji od której wzięły swoją nazwę jeden z departamentów oraz bitwa stoczona podczas I wojny światowej. Oprócz bitwy o asschendaelc w wojnie tej nie było drugiej równic bezowocnej i kontrowersyjnej ofensywy. Bitwa nad Sommą nadal wywołuje ożywione dyskusje i wzbudza silne emocje wśród ludzi, którzy mieli jeszcze okazję zetknąć się z uczestnikami walk z roku 1916. O ofensywie nad Sommą słyszeli niemal wszyscy. Większość kojarzy jq z wydarzeniami, które miały miejsce w pierwszym dniu ofensywy — 1 lipca 1916 roku.

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9 sty 13 22:27

Derek Baker - Relations Between East and West in t he Middle Ages (2009).jpg

In the Roman Empire, relations between East and West meant connections between the eastern and western parts of a unified structure of empire. Romans sometimes complained about the corrupting influence on their city of Greeks and Orientals, but they employed Greek tutors to educate their sons. People did not think of the eastern and western parts of the empire as being separate entities whose relations with each other must be the object of careful study. Even at the moment of the empire's birth, there was a clear idea of where the Latin West ended and the Greek East began. This began to change with Constantine, when the Roman Empire was split in two, with Rome itself in decay.

This volume, first published in 1973, derives from a colloquium on medieval history held at Edinburgh University. Its theme was the fl uctuating balance-of-power of Latin West and Greek East, Rome and Constantinople. The book starts with Justinian's attempt to reunite the two halves of the old Roman Empire and then goes on to consider the polariation of Christianity into its Catholic and Orthodox sectors, and the misunderstandings fostered by the Crusades; and ends with the growing power and conquests of Islam in the fourteenth century.

The contributions included in Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages are: Old and New Rome in the Age of Justinian, by W. H. C. Frend; The Tenth Century in Byantine-Western Relationships, by Karl Leyser; William of Tyre, by R. H. C. Davis; Cultural Relations between East and West in the Twelfth Century, by Anthony Bryer; Innocent III and the Greeks, Aggressor or Apostle? by Joseph Gill; Government in Latin Syria and the Commercial Privileges of Foreign Merchants, by Jonathan Riley-Smith; and Dante and Islam, by R. W. Southern.

Derek Baker was lecturer in medieval history at the University of Edinburgh. In addition to this book he is the editor of Medieval Women and England in the Early Middle Ages.

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Derek Baker - Relations Between East and West in t he Middle Ages (2009).pdf

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James R. Moore - The Transformation of Urban Liber alism; Party Politics and Urban Governance in Late Nineteenth-century England (2006).jpg

All History - James R. Moore - The Transformation of Urban Liberali...an Governance in Late Nineteenth-century England 2006.jpg

"The Transformation of Urban Liberalism" re-evaluates the dramatic and turbulent political decade following the 'Third Reform Act', and questions whether the Liberal Party's political heartlands - the urban boroughs - really were in decline. In contrast to some recent studies, it does not see electoral reform, the Irish Home Rule crisis and the challenge of socialism as representing a fundamental threat to the integrity of the party. Instead this book illustrates, using parallel case studies, how the party gradually began to transform into a social democratic organisation through a re-evaluation of its role and policy direction. This process was not one directed from the centre - despite the important personalities of Gladstone and Rosebery - but rather one heavily influenced by 'grass roots politics'. Consequently, it suggests that late Victorian politics was more democratic and open than sometimes thought, with leading urban politicians forced to respond to the demands of party activists. Changes in the structure of urban rule produced new policy outcomes and brought new collectivist forms of New Liberalism onto the political agenda. Thus, it is argued that without the political transformations of the decade 1885-1895, the radical liberal governments of the Edwardian era would not have been possible.

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James R. Moore - The Transformation of Urban Liber alism; Party Politics and Urban Governance in Late Nineteenth-century England (2006).pdf

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Robert Louis Benson, Robert Charles Figueira - Ple nitude of power, the doctrines and exercise of au thority in the Middle Ages; Essays in memory of Ro bert Louis Benson (2006).jpg

All History - Robert Louis Benson, Robert Charles Figueira - Plenit...dle Ages Essays in memory of Robert Louis Benson 2006.jpg

'I study power' - so Robert Louis Benson described his work as a scholar of medieval history. This volume unites papers by a number of his students dealing with matters central to Benson's historical interests - ecclesiastical institutions and administration, emperorship and papacy, canon law, political ideology, and historiography.The justification and exercise of political power is considered in two chapters that look at how the hagiography of a late Roman military saint, Maurice, was harnessed in the 11th century to the discussion of the power exercised by both emperor and pope, and how both pious purpose and political pretext animated the Hohenstaufen emperors' suppression of heresy. Three subsequent chapters focus on the Church: a study of the legal commentaries that taught that the 'authority to bind and loose' in a specific ecclesiastical matter could be determined by the opinions of 'the elders of the province'; an argument that Innocent III's administration of the Roman church represented a model for the ordering of all Christian society; and an inquiry into the doctrinal formation of the 'territorial principle' in the exercise of jurisdiction by papal legates.The late Middle Ages provides the focus for two additional studies, namely an exploration of the issues of power and authority in the charitable institutions of Cologne in the 13th-14th centuries, and the argument that the current desire for universal standards of governmental conduct in the area of basic human rights hearkens back to natural law theory as outlined in the 15th century by Nicholas of Cusa. Two historiographical studies round out the volume: an estimation of modern research regarding the political theology of late antiquity, and a reflection on Benson's own contribution to historical scholarship. Together, these papers both epitomize and further develop Benson's distinctive approach to the study of the Middle Ages, while themselves making their own important contribution.

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