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World War II. Nazi Germany crimes against Humanity

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Communism

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Communism

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128 KB
6 maj 15 11:21

Roman Szporluk - Russia, Ukraine, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union (2000).jpg

Detailing a number of often-overlooked factors leading to the USSR's fall, renowned scholar Roman Szporluk chronicles the final two decades in the history of the Soviet Union and presents a story that is often lost in the standard interpretations of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the USSR. The key to understanding what was unimaginable in November 1989 yet became a reality in December 1991, Szporluk says, lies in understanding the relationship of Ukraine and Russia.

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20,4 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Roman Szporluk - Russia, Ukraine, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union (2000).pdf

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47 KB
6 maj 15 11:21

Sheila Fitzpatrick - Everyday Stalinism, Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times, Soviet Russia in the 1930s (1999).jpg

Communism - Sheila Fitzpatrick - Everyday Stalinism, Ordinary Life... Extraordinary Times, Soviet Russia in the 1930s 1999.jpg

Here is a pioneering account of everyday life under Stalin, written by one of our foremost authorities on modern Russian history.
Focusing on urban areas in the 1930s, Sheila Fitzpatrick shows that with the adoption of collectivization and the first Five-Year Plan, everyday life was utterly transformed. With the abolition of the market, shortages of food, clothing, and all kinds of consumer goods became endemic. As peasants fled the collectivized villages, major cities were soon in the grip of an acute housing crisis, with families jammed for decades in tiny single rooms in communal apartments, counting living space in square meters. It was a world of privation, overcrowding, endless queues, and broken families, in which the regime's promises of future socialist abundance rang hollowly. We read of a government bureaucracy that often turned everyday life into a nightmare, and of the ways that ordinary citizens tried to circumvent it, primarily by patronage and the ubiquitous system of personal connections known as blat. And we read of the police surveillance that was endemic to this society, and the waves of terror like the Great Purges of 1937, that periodically cast this world into turmoil. Fitzpatrick illuminates the ways that Soviet city-dwellers coped with this world, examining such diverse activities as shopping, traveling, telling jokes, finding an apartment, getting an education, landing a job, cultivating patrons and connections, marrying and raising a family, writing complaints and denunciations, voting, and trying to steer clear of the secret police.Based on extensive research in Soviet archives only recently opened to historians, this superb book illuminates the ways ordinary people tried to live normal lives under extraordinary circumstances.

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4,6 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Anna Shternshis - Soviet And Kosher, Jewish Popula r Culture in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 (2006).pdf

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27,2 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

David Mayers - The Ambassadors and America's Sovie t Policy (1995).pdf

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155 KB
6 maj 15 11:21

Karl Schlogel - Russian-German Special Relations i n the Twentieth Century, A Closed Chapter (2006).jpg

Twentieth-century Europe, especially Central Eastern Europe, has been largely defined by Russia and Germany. In this century, cultural and economic exchanges between the two countries were as active as the fires of hatred intense. The smaller states in between, with their unstable borders and internal minorities, suffered from the powers' alliances and their antagonisms. This volume of new research in political and cultural history examines the two powers' turbulent relationship, including the pre-1914 era of exchange and cooperation; the projects of modernity in post-revolutionary Russia and Weimar Germany; the struggle for dominance over Central Europe in World War II; and mutual views of Germans and Russians after 1945. In the wake of the crucial events of 1989 and the transformation of German-Russian relations, it asks whether the configuration of Russian-German relations that once dominated twentiehth-century Europe has now dissolved, leaving us to find new ways of cooperation between 'New Russia' and 'New Europe'.

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10,0 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Karl Schlogel - Russian-German Special Relations i n the Twentieth Century, A Closed Chapter (2006).pdf

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11,5 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Dolores L. Augustine - Red Prometheus, Engineering and Dictatorship in East Germany, 1945-1990 (2007 ).pdf

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86 KB
6 maj 15 11:21

L.A. Grenoble - Language Policy in the Soviet Unio n (2003).jpg

The former Soviet Union provides one of the most interesting examples of a nation state's deliberate use of language policy to further its political goals. Language Policy in the Soviet Union provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the development of this policy at both national and local levels. It is meant for linguists, policy makers, and specialists on the USSR and Eastern Europe.
The book is organized in such a way that it can be read in its entirety or selectively, with an introduction to the USSR and its ethnolinguistic makeup, followed by a chronology of Soviet language policy and its general development. Subsequent chapters are organized regionally, with surveys of the geographic and ethnolinguistic regions of the Soviet Union and a discussion of language policy and its impact in each of them.

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4,7 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

L.A. Grenoble - Language Policy in the Soviet Unio n (2003).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Reginald E. Zelnik - Perils of Pankratova, Some St ories From The Annals of Soviet Historiography (20 05).jpg

Renowned Russian historian Reginald E. Zelnik’s final manuscript is a biography of Anna Pankratova, a woman from Odessa who became a leading labor historian and academic administrator in the Soviet Union from the 1920s to her death in 1957. Drawing upon archival materials once inaccessible to Western scholars, as well as memoirs published since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Zelnik conceptualized his study as one of "constrained dissent," in the sense that Pankratova, a Communist scholar loyal to the Party, nevertheless courageously sought to protect her colleagues, students, and friends from disaster. Portraying Pankratova as both "victim" and "victimizer," Zelnik treats in evocative detail several revealing episodes in her career as "the most powerful woman in the Soviet Union’s history profession." These episodes include her husband’s arrest, her own exile, and the ruin of many scholarly colleagues during the Stalinist purges. One particularly interesting part of Pankratova’s life was her experience during World War II in Kazakhstan, in Soviet Central Asia, which led her to champion the "national rights" of the Kazakhs. Zelnik’s last monograph marks his first examination of issues of ethnicity and nationalism in the Soviet period, and in the Central Asian context in particular.
Five essays that address Zelnik’s scholarship as a labor historian who approached the central question of class formation through his investigation of participants’ personal experience, as well as his teaching and citizenship, accompany the monograph. Contributors include Laura Engelstein, David A. Hollinger, Benjamin Nathans, Yuri Slezkine, and Glennys Young. The volume also encompasses excerpts from two Soviet texts, including Pankratova’s historic 1956 speech on the menace of Stalinist legacies in history and historiography.

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14,9 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Reginald E. Zelnik - Perils of Pankratova, Some St ories From The Annals of Soviet Historiography (20 05).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

William E. Odom - Collapse of the Soviet Military (2000).jpg

William E. Odom, a retired Lt. General with a Ph.D. from Columbia, served as a top advisor in both the Carter and Reagan administrations (including a stint director of the National Security Agency). He writes surprisingly well about the quiet disintegration of the Soviet armed forces: "In a mere six years, the world's largest and arguably most powerful military melted like the spring ice in Russia's arctic rivers as it breaks up, drifts in floes, and slowly disappears." He also offers key insights, particularly in his analysis of Soviet war philosophy, including the reasons Marxist theory made a huge military almost inevitable and why Gorbachev's attempt to reduce its size posed a threat to the whole Communist system; he also traces the influence of von Clausewitz's thinking on Lenin. But this is all by way of introduction to Odom's discussion of what happened when Mikhail Gorbachev foisted perestroika on the Soviet Union and its armed forces. Odom personally interviewed many of the participants, lending considerable detail to his chronicle of Russia's 1991 August Crisis and the rise of Boris Yeltsin.

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12,8 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

William E. Odom - Collapse of the Soviet Military (2000).chm

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6 maj 15 11:21

Anders Uhlin - Post-Soviet Civil Society Democrati zation in Russia and the Baltic States (2006).jpg

The development of civil society has varied greatly across the former Soviet Union. The Baltic states have achieved a high level of integration with the West and European Union membership, while some regions in Russia lag far behind.

Now for the first time there is a comparative study of civil society and democratization across post-Soviet national borders. Acknowledging the enormous variation throughout the region, the book offers unique data on developments in Russia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Applying an innovative analytical framework derived from theories of democratization, civil society, social movements and transnational relations, the researchers have formulated broader comparisons and generalisations without neglecting the specific post-Soviet context. The book provides a systematic comparison across sectors as well as nations, and includes chapters on NGOs, the state and conflict, and transnationalisation. Quantitative survey data is combined with qualitative interviews and case study research to both confirm previous findings about the weakness of post-communist civil society and to qualify previous research.
About the Author

Anders Uhlin is associate professor of political science at Lund University, Sweden. His main fields of research are democratization, civil society and transnational relations. Previous publications include Indonesia and the ‘Third Wave of Democratisation’ (1997) and Transnational Activism in Asia (2004) (co-edited with Nicola Piper).

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17,4 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Anders Uhlin - Post-Soviet Civil Society Democrati zation in Russia and the Baltic States (2006).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Vojtech Mastny - The Cold War and Soviet Insecurit y. The Stalin Years (1998).jpg

In this long-awaited sequel to his acclaimed Russia's Road to the Cold War (1979), Vojtech Mastny offers a thorough history of the early years of the Cold War, drawing upon his extensive research in newly opened Soviet archives. Just as the earlier volume offered the definitive portrait of Joseph Stalin's foreign policy during World War II, The Cold War and Soviet Insecurity affords readers an equally superb account of Stalin's foreign policy during his last years. Combining important new data with the fascinating insights of one of our leading authorities on Soviet affairs, this book illuminates a crucial period in recent world history.

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18,6 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Vojtech Mastny - The Cold War and Soviet Insecurit y. The Stalin Years (1998).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Marina Balina - Politicizing Magic, An Anthology o f Russian and Soviet Fairy Tales (2005).jpg

We were born to make fairy tales come true. As one of Stalinism's more memorable slogans, this one suggests that the fairy tale figured in Soviet culture as far more than a category of children's literature. How much more-and how cannily Russian fairy tales reflect and interpret Soviet culture, especially in its utopian ambitions-becomes clear for the first time in Politicizing Magic, a compendium of folkloric, literary, and critical texts that demonstrate the degree to which ancient fairy-tale fantasies acquired political and historical meanings during the catastrophic twentieth century.
Introducing Western readers to the most representative texts of Russian folkloric and literary tales, this book documents a rich exploration of this colorful genre through all periods of Soviet literary production (1920-1985) by authors with varied political and aesthetic allegiances. Here are traditional Russian folkloric tales and transformations of these tales that, adopting the didacticism of Soviet ideology, proved significant for the official discourse of Socialist Realism. Here, too, are narratives produced during the same era that use the fairy-tale paradigm as a deconstructive device aimed at the very underpinnings of the Soviet system. The editors' introductory essays acquaint readers with the fairy-tale paradigm and the permutations it underwent within the utopian dream of Soviet culture, deftly placing each-from traditional folklore to fairy tales of Socialist Realism, to real-life events recast as fairy tales for ironic effect-in its literary, historical, and political context.

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6 maj 15 11:21

Judith Deutsch Kornblatt - Doubly Chosen, Jewish I dentity, the Soviet Intelligentsia, and the Russia n Orthodox Church (2004).jpg

Communism - Judith Deutsch Kornblatt - Doubly Chosen, Jewish Ident... Intelligentsia, and the Russian Orthodox Church 2004.jpg

Doubly Chosen provides the first detailed study of a unique cultural and religious phenomenon in post-Stalinist Russia-the conversion of thousands of Russian Jewish intellectuals to Orthodox Christianity, first in the 1960s and later in the 1980s. These time periods correspond to the decades before and after the great exodus of Jews from the Soviet Union. Judith Deutsch Kornblatt contends that the choice of baptism into the Church was an act of moral courage in the face of Soviet persecution, motivated by solidarity with the values espoused by Russian Christian dissidents and intellectuals. Oddly, as Kornblatt shows, these converts to Russian Orthodoxy began to experience their Jewishness in a new and positive way.Working primarily from oral interviews conducted in Russia, Israel, and the United States, Kornblatt underscores the conditions of Soviet life that spurred these conversions: the virtual elimination of Judaism as a viable, widely practiced religion; the transformation of Jews from a religious community to an ethnic one; a longing for spiritual values; the role of the Russian Orthodox Church as a symbol of Russian national culture; and the forging of a new Jewish identity within the context of the Soviet dissident movement.

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11,4 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Judith Deutsch Kornblatt - Doubly Chosen, Jewish I dentity, the Soviet Intelligentsia, and the Russia n Orthodox Church (2004).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Alexander Rabinowitch - The Bolsheviks in Power, T he First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd (2007).jpg

A major contribution to the historiography of the world in the 20th century, "The Bolsheviks in Power" focuses on the fateful first year of Soviet rule in Petrograd. It examines events that profoundly shaped the Soviet political system that endured through most of the 20th century. Drawing largely from previously inaccessible Soviet archives, it demolishes standard interpretations of the origins of Soviet authoritarianism by demonstrating that the Soviet system evolved ad hoc as the Bolsheviks struggled to retain political power amid spiraling political, social, economic, and military crises. The book covers issues such as the rapid fall of influential moderate Bolsheviks, the formation of the dreaded Cheka, the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the Red Terror, the national government's flight to Moscow, and the subsequent rivalry between Russia's new and old capitals.

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10,3 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Alexander Rabinowitch - The Bolsheviks in Power, T he First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd (2007).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

Johan Swinnen, Scott Rozelle - From Marx and Mao t o the Market, The Economics and Politics of Agricu ltural Transition (2006).jpg

Communism - Johan Swinnen, Scott Rozelle - From Marx and Mao to th...conomics and Politics of Agricultural Transition 2006.jpg

Studying agrarian transition in more than 25 countries from Central and Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and East Asia, this book is the first effort to analyze the economics and politics of the reforms in agriculture by comparing the reform processes, their causes and their effects across this vast region.

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6 maj 15 11:21

Klaus-Ulrich Keubke - Uniformen der Nationalen Vol ksarmee der DDR 1956-1986 (1990).jpg

Als die Mitglieder der obersten Volksvertretung der DDR am 18. Januar 1956 mit der Drucksache Nr.63 das «Gesetz über die Schaffung der Nationalen Volksarmee und des Ministeriums für Nationale Verteidigung» berieten und einstimmig verabschiedeten, hatten sie auch die Uniformen der ersten sozialistischen deutschen Armee zu bestätigen. Dieser Entscheidung ging eine ungewöhnliche Maßnahme voraus - eine Modenschau. Im Länderkammersaal der Volkskammer besichtigten die Abgeordneten die Uniformen, die für die Angehörigen der Arbeiter-und-Bauern-Armee bestimmt waren. Keine Frage, die Vorführung dieser militärischen Bekleidung stieß bei ihnen auf großes Interesse. Die Volkskammerabgeordneten stimmten am Nachmittag dieses 18.Januar einmütig auch der Drucksache Nr. 64, dem «Beschluß über die Einführung der Uniform für die Nationale Volksarmee», zu.

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101,5 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

Klaus-Ulrich Keubke - Uniformen der Nationalen Vol ksarmee der DDR 1956-1986 (1990).pdf

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6 maj 15 11:21

A. Kemp-Welch - Poland under Communism, A Cold War History (2008).jpg

This is the first English-language history of Poland from the Second World War until the fall of Communism. Using a wide range of Polish archives and unpublished sources in Moscow and Washington, Tony Kemp-Welch integrates the Cold War history of diplomacy and inter-state relations with the study of domestic opposition and social movements. His key themes encompass political, social and economic history; the Communist movement and its relations with the Soviet Union; and the broader East-West context with particular attention to US policies. The book concludes with a first-hand account of how Solidarity formed the world's first post-Communist government in 1989 as the Polish people demonstrated what can be achieved by civic courage against apparently insuperable geo-strategic obstacles. This compelling new account will be essential reading for anyone interested in Polish history, the Communist movement and the course of the Cold War.

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6 maj 15 11:21

David Smallbone - Entrepreneurship and Small Busin ess Development in the Former Soviet Bloc (2008).jpg

This book examines entrepreneurship and small business in Russia and key countries of Eastern Europe, showing how far small businesses have developed, and discusses how far 'market reforms' and a market mentality have been taken up by ordinary people in the real everyday economy. For each of the countries examined - Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland and Estonia - the book reviews the progress of market reforms within the wider context of social and economic transformation, surveys the development of entrepreneurship and small firms so far, and assesses the role of government in the process, and the strengths and weaknesses of the small business sector.

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16,6 MB
6 maj 15 11:21

David Smallbone - Entrepreneurship and Small Busin ess Development in the Former Soviet Bloc (2008) [ PDF].rar

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6 maj 15 11:21

Cheng Chen - The Prospects for Liberal Nationalism in Post-Leninist State (2007).jpg

The fall of communism in the Soviet Union led many to hope and expect that liberal democracy would immediately take root across postcommunist states, marking what Francis Fukuyama famously referred to as the 'end of history.' Since then, however, a very different picture has emerged, most notably in the form of nationalist sentiments that have steered many postcommunist countries in an illiberal direction, even in regimes committed to market reforms and formally democratic institutions.

Cheng Chen examines this phenomenon in comparative perspective, showing that the different pathways of nation-building under Leninism affected the character of Leninist regimes and, later, the differential prospects for liberal democracy in the postcommunist era. In China and Russia, Chen shows, liberalism and nationalism were more difficult to reconcile because Leninism was indigenous and had a more significant impact on nation-building. In Hungary and Romania, by contrast, Leninism was a foreign import and had less of an effect on traditional national identity. As we witness the struggle to establish democracy in places such as Afghanistan and Iraq, a study that examines the salience of historical legacies seems particularly timely.

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