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Wikingowie - Vikings

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Wojny które zmieniły świat

Wyprawy Krzyżowe - Krzyżowcy i Templariusze

Wyzwolenie

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Samuraje

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Cmentarzysko wojowników. 03. Samuraj z zaświatów (2011)	Miecz samuraja (2006)	Samurajski łuk (2009)
Tajemnice starożytności - Samuraje (1997)	Wielcy wodzowie. 06. Tokugawa Ieyasu, Szogun (2008)	Zaginione skarby starożytności - Japonia (2000)

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5,1 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Chris Davis, Charles Rice - Legends of the Samurai (2005).rar

Extensively researched and faithfully rendered, Legends of the Samurai provides all the mechanics for adventuring in the world of medieval Japan. This extensive tome presents with over twenty new oriental classes, an alternative magic system, a historically based martial arts system, and a flavorful system for fate and destiny. Legends of the Samurai offers a detailed campaign guide, color maps, and historical information on medieval Japan. Now is the time to make your own legend.

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27,9 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Osprey-Bellona - Jednostki Doborowe 01 - Anthony J . Bryant - Samuraje (1996).pdf

Kim - i czym - byli samuraje? Obecnie słowo to jest mocno nadużywane, nie wszyscy bowiem wojownicy dawnej Japonii byli samurajami, a także nie wszyscy samuraje byli wojownikami. Tworzyli oni najwyższą klasę w społeczeństwie określanym przez czteroznakowe złożenie shi-nó-kó-shó, co oznaczało hierarchię: wojownicy, chłopi, rzemieślnicy i kupcy.

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22,4 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Paul Varley - Japanese Culture (2000).pdf

For nearly three decades Japanese Culture has garnered high praise as an accurate and well-written introduction to Japanese history and culture. This widely used undergraduate text is now available in a new edition. Thoroughly updated, the fourth edition includes expanded sections on numerous topics, among which are samurai values, Zen Buddhism, the tea ceremony, Confucianism in the Tokugawa period, the story of the forty-seven ronin, Mito scholarship in the early nineteenth century, and mass culture and comics in contemporary times.

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5,9 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Ming-Ju Sun - Japanese Fashions (1999).pdf

Charming coloring book chronicles six centuries of Japanese fashion history in 45 finely detailed black-and-white illustrations. Elaborate warriors, exquisite court ladies, commoners in plain kimonos, entertainers, holy men, and more, all displayed in meticulously rendered costumes. A delight for colorists of all ages and anyone interested in Japanese culture and fashion. 45 b/w illus.

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3,7 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Witold Nowakowski - Kawanakajima 1561 (2002).pdf

Druga połowa XVI wieku to jeden z najkrwawszych okresów w dziejach Japonii. Książka opisuje jedną z bitew, przypominając olbrzymią partię szachów.

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4,1 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Olof G.Lidin - Tanegashima, Arrival Europe in Japa n (2002).pdf

The year 1543 marked the beginning of a new global consciousness in Japan with the arrival of Portuguese merchants at Tanegashima Island. This history of Japan's first encounter with the West, augmented with maps and a beautiful blend of Portuguese and Japanese illustrations, details the consequences of the foreigners' introduction of the musket to Japan, which was to revolutionize both Japanese warfare and the nation's unification process, followed soon after by an influx of missionaries-thus ushering in the Christian century. Based on contemporary Japanese reports here translated and presented together with European reports, the text demonstrates the celebrated ability of the Japanese to absorb imported concepts and rapidly adapt them for use in a Japanese context. Special attention is given to the role of Tanegashima Island and to Mendes Pinto, who wrote a famous picaresque account of Japan. Also included are a glossary and index listing pertinent words and names with Chinese and Japanese script.

About the Author
Olaf G. Lidin, Professor Emeritus of Japanese Studies at the University of Copenhagen, is the author of The Life of Ogyu Sorai, a Tokugawa Confucian Philosopher, Ogya Sorai's Journey to Kai in 1706, and Ogyu Sorai's Discourse on Government.

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4,7 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Mikael S. Adolphson - The Teeth and Claws of the B uddha, Monastic Warriors and Sohei in Japanese His tory (2007).pdf

Japan's monastic warriors have fared poorly in comparison to the samurai, both in terms of historical reputation and representations in popular culture. Often maligned and criticized for their involvement in politics and other secular matters, they have been seen as figures separate from the larger military class. However, as Mikael Adolphson reveals in his comprehensive and authoritative examination of the social origins of the monastic forces, political conditions, and warfare practices of the Heian (794-1185) and Kamakura (1185-1333) eras, these "monk-warriors"(sōhei) were in reality inseparable from the warrior class. Their negative image, Adolphson argues, is a construct that grew out of artistic sources critical of the established temples from the fourteenth century on. As the warrior class came to dominate national politics, the sōhei image gained momentum and was eventually paired with the concept of "monk-warriors," a term imported from Korea. Only one sōhei, the legendary Benkei of the late twelfth century, escaped the criticisms leveled at the monk-warriors by later observers--not because he was justified in fighting as a monk, but rather because he served the celebrated warrior Minamoto Yoshitsune, thus reinforcing the primacy of the samurai image.
In deconstructing the sōhei image and looking for clues as to the characteristics, role, and meaning of the monastic forces, The Teeth and Claws of Buddha highlights the importance of historical circumstances; it also points to the fallacies of allowing later, especially modern, notions of religion to exert undue influence on interpretations of the past. It further suggests that, rather than constituting a separate category of violence, religious violence needs to be understood in its political, social, military, and ideological contexts. Monastic warriors acted no differently from their secular counterparts and do not appear to have been motivated by a religious rhetoric much different from other ideologies condoning violence. The absence of such a discourse is as unexpected as it is important--particularly in light of current assumptions about holy wars and crusaders--indicating that other factors played an important role for those who fought in the name of the Buddha. By tracing the use and emergence of the constructed sōhei images that displaced the historical Benkei and monastic fighters, this work also offers an explanation of how and why the invented tradition of "monk-warriors" became such a prominent feature in the modern reconstruction of medieval Japan.
The Teeth and Claws of Buddha puts East Asian religious violence in its proper milieu. Its intelligent and cogent analysis will be of great interest to scholars and students of early Japanese history and religion as well as specialists in premodern Buddhism and religion in China and Korea.

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3,9 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Herman Ooms - Imperial Politics and Symbolics in A ncient Japan, The Tenmu Dynasty, 650-800 (2008).pdf

Imperial Politics and Symbolics in Ancient Japan is an ambitious and ground-breaking study that offers a new understanding of a formative stage in the development of the Japanese state. The late seventh and eighth centuries were a time of momentous change in Japan, much of it brought about by the short-lived Tenmu dynasty. Two new capital cities, a bureaucratic state led by an imperial ruler, and Chinese-style law codes were just a few of the innovations instituted by the new regime. Herman Ooms presents both a wide-ranging and fine-grained examination of the power struggles, symbolic manipulations, new mythological constructs, and historical revisions that both defined and propelled these changes.

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98,8 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Masaaki Hatsumi - Japanese Sword Fighting, Secrets of the Samurai (2005).pdf

Hidden Essence of the Martial Arts and the Spirit of the Samurai

Japanese history is replete with great sword masters. Legendary figures such as Koizumi Isenokami, Tsukahara Bokuden, Yagyu Munenori, Miyamoto Musashi, and Ito Ittosai have been revered as deities for countless years, forged into the history of Japan's martial arts. But there were also many lesser known samurai who carried the spirit of Bushido, Tirelessly devoting themselves to Japan's martial traditions and mastering their many fighting forms. Japan's rich legacy of swordsmanship has been passed on through these generations of samurai, who developed many techniques using the long sword, short sword, and Ninja sword, among others.

In this book, Masaaki Hatsumi, the most renonwned Budo and Ninja grandmaster in the world, explores the venerable history of Japanese sword fighting, sharing with the reader his reflections on the hidden essence of this revered martial art. He covers a variety of classical techniques including Ninja kenpo, Yagyu Shinkage-ryu, as well as two-sword techniques. Drawing on his deep knowledge, the author demonstrates advenced, practical applications of the art, using the stick, spear, naginata, and kusarigama. More mysterious, secret techniques are also discussed, including those involving armor, and the variety of renowned mutodori (no-sword) forms-the ultimate martial skill of the samurai. Works of calligraphy by famous samurai masters, such as Asari Matashichiro and Yamaoka Tesshu, accompany the descriptions, as well as important historical scrolls and an array of lavish illustrations that help demonstrate the grace and beauty of Japanese sword fighting.

After his highly acclaimed works The Way of the Ninja and Advanced Stick Fighting, Masaaki Hatsumi continues to pursue his life's ambition of fostering and spreading Budo throughout the world, with this definitive book on the art of Japanese sword fighting. Within his technical descriptions and musings on the history of Bushido, Hatsumi's philosophy of promoting a world of peace and tolerance is ever present, as is his firm belief in the universality of Budo, espoused in his own words: ". . . if the seed of Japan's Budo is planted anywhere in the world, it will continue to grow and flourish."

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12,2 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Osprey - Men-at-Arms 86 - Stephen Turnbull - Samur ai Armies 1550-1615 (1992).pdf

In 1543 three Portuguese merchants entered a turbulent Japan, bringing with them the first firearms the Japanese had ever seen: simple matchlock muskets called arquebuses. They proved a decisive addition to the Japanese armoury, as for centuries the samurai had fought only with bow, sword and spear. In 1575, one of the greatest original thinkers in the history of samurai, Oda Nobunaga, arranged his arquebusiers in ranks three deep behind a palisade and proceeded, quite literally, to blow his opponent’s cavalry to pieces, marking the beginning of a new era in Japanese military history.

Contents
The Golden Age · Samurai Armies · Samurai Battles · Sieges · Dress and Equipment: Samurai · Dress and Equipment: Ashigaru · The Plates

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147 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Osprey - Raid 06 - Stephen Turnbull - The Samurai Capture a King, Okinawa 1609 (2009).jpg

A brilliant but little-known operation, the Shimazu clan raid on the independent kingdom of Ryukyu (modern Okinawa) in 1609 is one of the most extraordinary episodes in samurai history and the culmination of centuries of rivalry between the two powers. The defeat of the Shimazu at Sekigahara in 1600, and their need to win favour with the new Shogun, led them to hatch an audacious plot to attack the islands on the Shogun’s behalf and bring back the king of Ryukyu as a hostage. Stephen Turnbull gives a blow-by-blow account of the operation, from the daring Shimazu amphibious landing, to their rapid advance overland, and the tactical feigned retreat that saw the Shimazu defeat the Okinawan army and kidnap their king in spectacular fashion. With a detailed background and specially commissioned artwork, the scene is set for a dramatic retelling of this fascinating raid.

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55,4 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Osprey - Elite 35 - Anthony Bryant - Early Samurai AD 200-1500 (2001).pdf

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197 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

John Ferejohn, Frances Rosenbluth - War and State Building in Medieval Japan (2010).jpg

The nation state as we know it is a mere four or five hundred years old. Remarkably, a central government with vast territorial control emerged in Japan at around the same time as it did in Europe, through the process of mobilizing fiscal resources and manpower for bloody wars between the 16th and 17th centuries. This book, which brings Japan's case into conversation with the history of state building in Europe, points to similar factors that were present in both places: population growth eroded clientelistic relationships between farmers and estate holders, creating conditions for intense competition over territory; and in the ensuing instability and violence, farmers were driven to make Hobbesian bargains of taxes in exchange for physical security.

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1,6 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

John Ferejohn, Frances Rosenbluth - War and State Building in Medieval Japan (2010).pdf

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204 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Mikael Adolphson, Kames Edward, Stacie Matsumoto, Edward Kamens - Heian Japan, Centers And Peripheri es (2007).jpg

Samuraje - Mikael Adolphson, Kames Edward, Stacie Matsumoto, Edwa...ard Kamens - Heian Japan, Centers And Peripheries 2007.jpg

The first three centuries of the Heian period (794–1086) saw some of its most fertile innovations and epochal achievements in Japanese literature and the arts. It was also a time of important transitions in the spheres of religion and politics, as aristocratic authority was consolidated in Kyoto, powerful court factions and religious institutions emerged, and adjustments were made in the Chinese-style system of rulership. At the same time, the era’s leaders faced serious challenges from the provinces that called into question the primacy and efficiency of the governmental system and tested the social/cultural status quo. Heian Japan, Centers and Peripheries, the first book of its kind to examine the early Heian from a wide variety of multidisciplinary perspectives, offers a fresh look at these seemingly contradictory trends.
Essays by fourteen leading American, European, and Japanese scholars of art history, history, literature, and religions take up core texts and iconic images, cultural achievements and social crises, and the ever-fascinating patterns and puzzles of the time. The authors tackle some of Heian Japan’s most enduring paradigms as well as hitherto unexplored problems in search of new ways of understanding the currents of change as well as the processes of institutionalization that shaped the Heian scene, defined the contours of its legacies, and make it one of the most intensely studied periods of the Japanese past. Throughout, the widely deployed model of "centers and peripheries" is tested as a guiding concept: It serves here as a point of departure for a reexamination of the dynamic tensions among and between literary languages, administrative structures, urban centers and rural regions, orthodoxies and heterodoxies, the status quo and the pressures for adaptation and change, and many other powerful entities and socio-cultural forces.

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21,4 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Mikael Adolphson, Kames Edward, Stacie Matsumoto, Edward Kamens - Heian Japan, Centers And Peripheri es (2007).pdf

An introductory chapter lays out the volume’s four main points. The first emphasizes the importance of the early tenth century as a watershed that highlights the institutional and political transformations at court whereby provincial governors were allowed more freedom and, by extension, greater financial benefits. The second point problematizes the notion of a singular dichotomy between center and periphery in Heian Japan. The various essays suggest instead that the nexuses of power were in fact plural, and the periphery was not as peripheral as had been imagined. Thus, rather than conceiving Heian society as a static and one-dimensional formation centering on Kyoto alone, it might better be understood as a society of multiple centers and peripheries. The third point challenges the long-held view that the central government’s lessening of administrative control of the provinces meant an increasing loss of power. Rather, the abandonment of a strict administrative approach in favor of a more effective one allowed elites in the capital to strengthen their hold on the provinces, reflecting an improved integration of centers and peripheries. Fourth, the methods and means of exercising power shifted from one relying solely on official titles and procedures to one that was increasingly based on extra-governmental means, a process of "privatization" that reflected the development of multiple centers of social, political, and economic practice outside the official structures of the state.
Heian Japan, Centers and Peripheries presents not only a set of new interpretations of this epochal moment in the Japanese past, but also offers a host of new questions to be addressed in future international and interdisciplinary research modeled on this exemplary volume.

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168 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Donald Keene - Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion, The Creation of the Soul of Japan (2003).jpg

During Yoshimasa's reign, the aesthetic taste of the Japanese was shaped: the nÃµ theater flourished, Japanese gardens were developed, and the tea ceremony had its origins in a small room at the Silver Pavilion. Flower arrangement, ink painting, and shoin-zukuri architecture began or became of major importance under Yoshimasa. Poets introduced their often barely literate warlord-hosts to the literary masterpieces of the past and taught them how to compose poetry. Even the most barbarous warlord came to want the trappings of culture that would enable him to feel like a civilized man. This long-neglected but critical period in Japanese history at last has the thorough treatment it deserves.

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31 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Jonathan Clements - A Brief History of the Samurai (2010).jpg

From a leading expert in Japanese history, this is one of the first full histories of the art and culture of the samurai warrior. The samurai emerged as a warrior caste in medieval Japan and would have a powerful influence on the history and culture of the country for the next 500 years.

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194 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Mark Ravina - The Last Samurai, The Life and Battl es of Saigo Takamori (2003).jpg

Within the complicated chronology of the Tokugawa shogunate's fall and succession by a modernizing monarchy, the so-called Satsuma Rebellion of 1877 is clearly the definitive last stand of Japanese feudalism. For that reason, the life of Saigo Takamori, who headed that rebellion, has acquired a romantic aura that doesn't strictly withstand Ravina's historical scrutiny; nevertheless, what survives the author's inspection contributes to an interesting portrait of a samurai in interesting times. Saigo rose from the bottom tiers of the warrior class, eventually leading the armies supporting the emperor against those of the shogun. His ascent was hardly smooth, though, entailing two exiles, a suicide pact that he survived, and three marriages. Ravina recounts the tumults that resulted in Saigo's acquiescence in revolt, capturing the protagonist's struggle with loyalty and showing American readers the quality of enigmatic nobility that makes Saigo a well-known historical figure in Japan.

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10,6 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Mark Ravina - The Last Samurai, The Life and Battl es of Saigo Takamori (2003).pdf

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125 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Leon Kapp, Hiroko Kapp, Yoshindo Yoshihara - The C raft of the Japanese Sword (1987).jpg

Well over a thousand years old, the tradition of swordmaking in Japan is one of the most highly regarded metal crafts in the world. When all sword manufacture was prohibited in Japan for seven years after World War II, the age-old techniques were in danger of being lost forever. Today, in the hands of a new generation of practitioners, the craft is making a startling comeback. Connoisseurs say that the swords being produced now are the equal of anything made in Japan in the past few hundred years.
This book takes the reader into the workshops of four of Japan's leading sword craftsmen. Each craftsman has a different role in the manufacture of a blade. Yoshindo Yoshihara, the swordsmith, begins with raw steel made in a traditional charcoal-fueled smelter and refines it by folding and forging, gradually shaping it into a sword with a hardened edge. Okisato Fujishiro then sharpens and polishes the sword with fine stones to reveal the color and texture of the steel. Metalworker Hiroshi Miyajima makes the small copper-and-gold habaki collar that fits between the blade and the scabbard. Finally, Kazuyuki Takayama carves the hilt and the scabbard out of a single piece of wood. Black-and-white photographs show every stage of the manufacture, while important information on history, metallurgy, and modern-day appraisal is presented in an extensive introduction.

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53,6 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Leon Kapp, Hiroko Kapp, Yoshindo Yoshihara - The C raft of the Japanese Sword (1987).pdf

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202 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Osprey - Elite 178 - Stephen Turnbull - Hatamoto, Samurai Horse and Foot Guards 1540-1724 (2010).jpg

Each great samurai warlord, or daimyo, had a division of troops known as the Hatamoto, 'those who stand under the flag'. The Hatamoto included the personal bodyguards, the senior generals, the standard bearers and colour-guard, the couriers, and the other samurai under the warlord's personal command. Apart from bodyguard and other duties in immediate attendance on the daimyo, both horse and foot guards often played crucial roles in battle. Their intervention could turn defeat into victory, and their collapse meant certain defeat. As favoured warriors under the warlord's eye, members of the bodyguards could hope for promotion, and a few even rose to be daimyo themselves. All the three great leaders of the 16 and 17th centuries - including Oda, Hideyoshi and Tokugawa - had their own elite corps. Such troops were naturally distinguished by dazzling apparel and heraldry, with banners both carried and attached to the back of the armour, all of which will be detailed in an array of colour artwork specially created for this publication.

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143 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Stephen Turnbull - Toyotomi Hideyoshi, The backgro und, strategies, tactics and battlefield experienc es of the greatest commanders of history (2010).jpg

Samuraje - Stephen Turnbull - Toyotomi Hideyoshi, The background,...experiences of the greatest commanders of history 2010.jpg

Arguably the greatest military commander in the history of the samurai, Toyotomi Hideyoshi rose from the ranks of the peasantry to rule over all Japan. A student of the great unifier Oda Nobunaga, Hideyoshi would later avenge the murder of his master at the battle of Yamazaki.
After consolidating his position, Hideyoshi went on the offensive, conquering the southern island of Kyushu in 1587 and defeating the Hojo in 1590. By 1591, he had accomplished the reunification of Japan. This book looks at the complete story of Hideyoshi's military accomplishments, from his days as a tactical leader to his domination of the Japanese nation.

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124 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Fumon Tanaka - Samurai Fighting Arts, The Spirit a nd the Practice (2003).jpg

SAMURAI FIGHTING ARTS introduces the world of traditional Japanese martial arts and will provide readers with a deeper understanding of Bushido and Japan. Also known as Kobudo, these traditional martial arts can be seen as a continuation of samurai culture, and comprise a number of styles formulated in the samurai era that are still being taught today.

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35,5 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Fumon Tanaka - Samurai Fighting Arts, The Spirit a nd the Practice (2003).pdf

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192 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Osprey - General Military - Stephen Turnbull - War riors of Medieval Japan (2005).jpg

The fearless, elite warriors of medieval Japan were loyal comrades but deadly foes. Whether foot soldier, samurai or trained assassin, these men were driven by strict codes of honor and bound by deep allegiances of rank, family or religion.
This book examines the military lives of four formidable warrior types, covering the samurai and the ninja as well as the experiences of warrior monks and ashigaru foot soldiers, less familiar to western readers. The recruitment, training and equipment of each warrior type are described, and their beliefs, motivation and experience of warfare are explored. Rare material from Japanese sources makes this a highly authoritative treatment of the military elites of medieval Japan, brought to life by lavish illustrations and photography.

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90,1 MB
19 sty 13 19:09

Osprey - General Military - Stephen Turnbull - War riors of Medieval Japan (2005) [PDF].rar

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223 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Stephen Turnbull - Samurai Invasion, Japan's Korea n War 1592 -1598 (2004).jpg

After unifying Japan by force, in 1592 Hideyoshi Toyotomi (1536-98) attempted to establish an empire in East Asia. The conquest of China was his ultimate objective, but Korea had to be subdued first. Instead, it proved an insuperable obstacle to Hideyoshi's imperial fantasy. Turnbull's lively and lavishly illustrated history of the failed invasion brightly illuminates the world of late 16th-century warfare in East Asia. After reeling under the initial Japanese attacks, Korean regular and irregular forces, aided by armies from Ming China, eventually turned the Japanese back, but the invasion did not end until Hideyoshi's death in 1598. Skillfully piecing together contemporary accounts from Japanese and Korean sources, the author provides a vivid and horrifying picture of the strategy, tactics, and technology of Japanese warfare. Brutality was the norm, and hand-to-hand combat produced butchery rivaling the worst of modern wars. In Kyoto a single burial mound holds the sliced-off noses of 30,000 Korean and Chinese victims of Japanese slaughter. Absorbing and accessible, Turnbull's book will interest general readers and belongs in public as well as college libraries.

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206 KB
19 sty 13 19:09

Osprey - Campaign 40 - Anthony J. Bryant - Sekigah ara 1600, The Final Struggle For Power (1995).jpg

Sekigahara was the most decisive battle in Japanese history. Fought against the ritualised and colourful backdrop of Samurai life, it was the culmination of a long-standing power struggle between Tokugawa Ieyasu and Hashiba Hideyoshi, two of the most powerful men in Japan. Armies of the two sides met on the plain of Sekigahara on 21 October 1600, in thick fog and deep mud. By the end of the day 40,000 heads had been taken and Ieyasu was master of Japan. Within three years the Emperor would grant him the title he sought – Shogun. This title describes the campaign leading up to this great battle and examines Sekigahara, including the forces and personalities of the two major sides and that of the turncoat Kobayakawa Hideaki.

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