The purpose of these volumes is to compile a "set of articles to define the study of American Indian religious traditions" as they are understood by the people within the communities. More than half of the nearly 100 authors are of Native American descent. The editors felt that it was important to represent the true nature and context of Native religious life, and to that end, they have taken some liberties with the encyclopedia format, making the index in the third volume essential for locating specific information. In some entries, first-person accounts and the citing of Native elders as authoritative sources represent further departures from standard encyclopedia conventions.

In general, content is presented in long entries covering topics broadly rather than in short, dictionary-style treatments. Coverage of topics such as dance, ritual and ceremony, and religious leadership is divided by geographic region (for example, Religious leadership, Alaska; Religious leadership, Great Lakes). Each entry is followed by suggestions for further reading and research. Names and terminologies are given in their original language (Kwakwak'wakw instead of Kwakiutl), but the index helps alleviate confusion. Preceding the entries is a regional survey with maps. A table of contents is repeated at the beginning of each volume, and an appendix at the end of volume 3 lists the 500 tribes recognized by the U.S Bureau of Indian Affairs. The encyclopedia includes a wide variety of black-and-white photos.

Perhaps the only other book covering this topic is the Encyclopedia of Native American Religions (Facts On File, 2000), which is not as academic in its coverage but gives more complete detail on individual rites and persons, making it a good companion volume. American Indian Religious Traditions: An Encyclopedia is highly recommended for academic and large public library collections.

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Suzanne J. Crawford O'Brien - American Indian Reli gious Traditions, An Encyclopedia (3 Volume set) ( 2006).pdf

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Gregory E. Smoak - Ghost Dances and Identity, Prop hetic Religion and American Indian Ethnogenesis in the Nineteenth Century (2006).jpg

01 - USA1 - Gregory E. Smoak - Ghost Dances and Identity, Propheti...an Indian Ethnogenesis in the Nineteenth Century 2006.jpg

This innovative cultural history examines wide-ranging issues of religion, politics, and identity through an analysis of the American Indian Ghost Dance movement and its significance for two little-studied tribes: the Shoshones and Bannocks. The Ghost Dance has become a metaphor for the death of American Indian culture, but as Gregory Smoak argues, it was not the desperate fantasy of a dying people but a powerful expression of a racialized "Indianness." While the Ghost Dance did appeal to supernatural forces to restore power to native peoples, on another level it became a vehicle for the expression of meaningful social identities that crossed ethnic, tribal, and historical boundaries. Looking closely at the Ghost Dances of 1870 and 1890, Smoak constructs a far-reaching, new argument about the formation of ethnic and racial identity among American Indians. He examines the origins of Shoshone and Bannock ethnicity, follows these peoples through a period of declining autonomy vis-a-vis the United States government, and finally puts their experience and the Ghost Dances within the larger context of identity formation and emerging nationalism which marked United States history in the nineteenth century.

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Gregory E. Smoak - Ghost Dances and Identity, Prop hetic Religion and American Indian Ethnogenesis in the Nineteenth Century (2006).pdf

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Howard Jones - Mutiny on the Amistad, The Saga of a Slave Revolt and its Impact on American Abolitio n, Law, and Diplomacy (1987).jpg

01 - USA1 - Howard Jones - Mutiny on the Amistad, The Saga of a Sl...Impact on American Abolition, Law, and Diplomacy 1987.jpg

This book is the first full-scale treatment of the only instance in history in which African blacks, seized by slave dealers, won their freedom and returned home.
In 1839, Joseph Cinque led other blacks in a revolt on the Spanish slave ship Amistad in the Caribbean. They steered the ship northward to Montauk, Long Island, where it was seized by an American naval vessel. With the Africans jailed in Connecticut and the Spaniards claiming violoation of their porperty rights, an international controversy erupted. The Amistad affair united abolotionists in the U.S. and England, drove the White house into almost any means to quiet the issue, and placed the U.S. and Spain in a confrontation that threatened to involve England and Cuba. The abolitionists, led by Lewis Tappan, Joshua Leavitt and others argued that equal justice was the central issue in the case. Appealing to natural law, evangelical arguments, and "moral suasion" in proclaiming slavery a sin, they sought to establish that all persons, black and white, has an inherent right of liberty and thereby hoped to erase the color line that formed the racial foundation of slavery. In their eyes, the mutiny on the &IAmistad offered an ideal opportunity to awaken Americans to the injustice of slavery.
In this book, Howard shows how the abolotionist argument put the "laws of nature" on trial in the U.S., as Tappan and the others refused to accept a legal system claiming to dispense justice while permitting artificial distinctions based on race or color. vividly captures the compelling drama that climaxed in a U.S. Supreme court ruling that freed the captivces and allowed them to return to Africa. He notes that many of the abolitionists were nonetheless dissatisfied with the decision because it had not rested on the law of nature; yet, he obseves, even they failed to grasp the central importance of the affair: that America's legal system had fulfilled its function of securing justice.

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Howard Jones - Mutiny on the Amistad, The Saga of a Slave Revolt and its Impact on American Abolitio n, Law, and Diplomacy (1987).pdf

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Suzanne O'Dea - From Suffrage to the Senate, Ameri ca's Political Women, An Encyclopedia of Leaders, Causes & Issues (Two Volume Set) (2006).jpg

01 - USA1 - Suzanne ODea - From Suffrage to the Senate, Americas P...opedia of Leaders, Causes Issues Two Volume Set 2006.jpg

A new edition of a title first published by ABC-CLIO in 1999. In addition to individuals such as Susan B. Anthony, Barbara Boxer, and Coretta Scott King, the 832 entries (144 more than before) cover topics ranging from the general (Civil rights movement, women in; misplaced homemakers) to the particular (President's Interagency Council on Women). There are more than 280 entries on significant court cases. The number of appended documents has been doubled, and the "Facts and Statistics" in appendix 2, the chronology, and the bibliography have been updated.

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Suzanne O'Dea - From Suffrage to the Senate, Ameri ca's Political Women, An Encyclopedia of Leaders, Causes & Issues (Two Volume Set) (2006).pdf

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Richard F. Selcer - Civil War America (2006).jpg

H. G. Wells once said, "The most interesting history of the [entire] 19th century was the growth of the United States." The years from 1850 to 1875 demonstrate the truth of this assessment. During the Civil War period, familiar aspects of modern life, such as government bureaucracy, consumer goods, mass culture, data profiling, and professionalism began to develop, and a great deal of changes took place. Written in an easy-to-use format, this authoritative volume describes people's everyday lives throughout these years - from the foods they ate to the places they worshipped to the types of jobs they performed. "Civil War America, 1850 to 1875" covers American history during the Civil War and Reconstruction. Numerous statistical tables, charts, maps, photographs, and illustrations reveal the diverse aspects of everyday life in Civil War America - from record-keeping and the gathering of statistics to the overhaul of the nation's financial structure, from the bureaucratization of American life to the emergence of mass culture. Lively, informative essays connect and expand on the abundant data, helping factual information come to life. With comprehensive detail and a wealth of primary source material, Civil War America, 1850 to 1875 is the definitive source on this era. The features include: information on climate and natural history, economy, population and health, politics and government, cities and states, prominent people, science and technology, popular culture, and more; special topics, such as the transformation of the United States from an agrarian economy into one of the world's top industrial powers, the rise of spectator sports such as horse racing and baseball, and the development of new forms of transportation; excerpts of period documents, including a slave's firsthand account of his experience - The Homestead Act, Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, and a portion of General Custer's memoirs; more than 150 illustrations, including maps, photographs, copies of visual artworks, and reproductions of advertisements and documents; and a bibliography, a list of tables, and an index.

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Richard F. Selcer - Civil War America (2006).pdf

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Barbara A. Mann - Native Americans, Archaeologists , & the Mounds (2003).jpg

"Ever since 18th C European settlers stumbled upon the mounds, explainations and interpretations of them -often ridiculous and seldom native American -have appeared as sober scholarship. The native American graves protection and Repatriation Act of 1900( NAGPRA) has intensified the debate over who "owns" the mounds- modern decendants of the Mound Builders or Western archaeologists.This book is the first cogent look at all the issues surrounding the mounds, their history, preservation, and interpretation. using the traditions of those native Americans descended from the MoundBuilders as well as historical and archaeological evidence, Mann places the mounds in their Native cultural context as she examines the fraught issues enveloping them inthe 21st C"
Mann is a lecturer of English at Toledo University as well as a noted author and speaker on the culture and history of native Americans of the eastern woodlands.She has a deep store of indigenist scholarship and personal experience.

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Barbara A. Mann - Native Americans, Archaeologists , & the Mounds (2003).pdf

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Charles D. Collins, J - Atlas of the Sioux Wars - Second Edition (2006).jpg

The Atlas of the Sioux Wars represents a modest effort to rectify the omission of the Indian Wars in the West Point atlas series by examining the Army's campaigns against the Sioux Indians, one of the greatest Indian tribes of the American West. Section I deals with the difficulties of using volunteer forces to quell the rebellion of a suppressed people in the 1862 Minnesota Campaign. Section II deals with the 1866-68 Sioux War in Wyoming and Montana. Section III discusses the conflict of 1876 and encompasses one of the largest and most ambitious missions conducted by the Army during the Indian Wars. Section IV discusses the Army's final operations against the Sioux in 1890 and the tragic encounter at Wounded Knee.

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Charles D. Collins, J - Atlas of the Sioux Wars - Second Edition (2006).pdf

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Clare V. Mckanna - Race And Homicide In Nineteenth -Century California (2002).jpg

High murder rates have always been considered an indication of a society in turmoil, and nineteenth-century California was no exception. There, a rapidly growing population, booming mining camps, insufficient or nonexistent law-enforcement personnel, and a large number of diverse ethnic groups with differing attitudes toward the law and personal honor created a situation where violence was common and legal responses varied broadly. Clare V. McKanna Jr. has published widely on the history of criminal justice in the West. For Race and Homicide in Nineteenth-Century California, he studied coroners' inquest reports, court case files, prison registers, and other primary sources, as well as numerous printed sources, to analyze patterns of homicide and the vagaries of the state's embryonic justice system. The nature of crimes, he discovered, varied with the ethnicity of perpetrators and victims, as did trials and sentencing patterns. Marginalized individuals, like the state's diminishing Indians, fared worst, and Hispanics, whose traditional legal system differed in important ways from the imported practices of the new white majority, did little better. Homicide in the Chinese community was largely confined to fellow Chinese and was often prompted by rivalries among various secret societies. Whites, coming from a number of backgrounds, carried their own conceptions of honor and their own predilections toward violence.
McKanna presents here a vivid, carefully detailed portrait of a society in flux, where ancient Spanish and Chinese legal practices collided with English common law and the "Code of the West," where greed, poverty, and down-right meanness created tensions that frequently led to bloodshed. The text, enhanced with testimony from contemporary sources and illustrated with numerous period photographs, is an engaging and richly intelligent study of a frontier society where the law was neither omnipresent nor, frequently, impartial. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in the history of the West and of the evolution of American law.

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Clare V. Mckanna - Race And Homicide In Nineteenth -Century California (2002).pdf

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Clint Leung - An Overview of Canadian Artic Inuit Art (2006).jpg

Montreal, Quebec, Canada - May 16, 2006 -- Free Spirit Gallery, a Montreal based online art gallery specializing in Inuit (Eskimo) art, has announced the availability of a new 30 page eBook titled 'An Overview of Canadian Arctic Inuit Art' written by Clint Leung. This information packed eBook or electronic book can be read on the computer screen or printed out in hard copy. One of the best features of this particular eBook is that it is available for download at the Free Spirit Gallery website absolutely free.

In addition to the many color images of wonderful authentic Inuit art found throughout the eBook, there are chapters on the following areas;

- History of Inuit art
- Geographic locations of major Inuit art producing communities in the Canadian Arctic
- Materials used in Inuit art
- Different styles of Inuit art
- Telling the difference between real authentic artwork and imitations or fakes
- Factors that help determine prices of Inuit art
- Tips on buying Inuit art
- Interior decorating with Inuit art

Clint Leung, the eBook's author who created Free Spirit Gallery in 2004 says, "This eBook will hopefully bring more exposure to and help educate people on Inuit art which has become part of Canada's cultural identity." Unfortunately, many artists from Canadian Arctic communities have difficult times financially so Leung is doing his part in helping them out with both his eBook and his Free Spirit Gallery website. He hopes to bring some much needed awareness of the artwork from the north to new markets both in North America and internationally. He continues to say, "The Inuit live in very isolated areas so it is very difficult for them to get their wonderful artwork out to the rest of the world. I'm just doing my part in helping them out as much as I could."

Leung is the author of another eBook called 'An Overview of Pacific Northwest Native Indian Art' which is also available for download at the Free Spirit Gallery website.

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Clint Leung - An Overview of Canadian Artic Inuit Art (2006).pdf

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Elvira Pulitano - Transatlantic Voices, Interpreta tions of Native North American Literatures (2007).jpg

Transatlantic Voices is the first collection of critical essays by European scholars on contemporary Native North American literatures. Devoted to the primary genres of Native literature—fiction, nonfiction, drama, poetry—the essays chart the course of recent theories of Native literature, delineate the crosscurrents in the history of Native literature studies, and probe specific themes of trauma and memory as well as changing mythologies. These essays also incorporate incipient transnational and transcultural methodologies in their approach to Native North American writing. Blending western critical approaches—from cultural studies to postcolonialism and trauma theory—with indigenous epistemological perspectives, the contributors to Transatlantic Voices advocate “the inescapable hybridity and intermixture of ideas” proposed by Paul Gilroy in his study of black diasporic identity. Native North American writers forcefully suggest that the study of American ethnicities in the twenty-first century can no longer be confined to the borders of the United States. Given the increasing transnational aspect of American studies, a collection such as Transatlantic Voices, presenting scholars from countries as diverse as Germany, France, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Finland, offers a timely contribution to such border crossing in scholarship and writing.

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Elvira Pulitano - Transatlantic Voices, Interpreta tions of Native North American Literatures (2007).pdf

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Frances Densmore - Chippewa Customs (1979).jpg

Frances Densmore, born in 1867, was one of the first ethnologists to specialize in the study of American Indian music and culture. Her book, first published in 1929, remains an authoritative source for the tribal history, customs, legends, traditions, art, music, economy, and leisure activities of the Chippewa Indians of the United States and Canada.

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Frances Densmore - Chippewa Customs (1979).pdf

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Gene Howard - Patterson for Alabama, The Life and Career of John Patterson (2008).jpg

This book offers the first and only historical account of the John Patterson administration. John Patterson, Alabama governor from 1959 to 1963, was thrust into the political arena after the brutal murder of his father, attorney general Albert Patterson in 1954. Allowed by the Democratic Party to take his father's place and to complete the elder's goal of cleaning up corruption in his hometown of Phenix City, Patterson made a young, attractive, and sympathetic candidate. "Patterson for Alabama" details his efforts to clean up his hometown, oppose corruption in the administration of Governor Big Jim Folsom, and to resist school desegregation. Popular on all three counts, Patterson went on to defeat rising populist George Wallace for governor.Patterson's term as governor was marked by rising violence as segregationists violently resisted integration. His role as a champion of resistance has clouded his reputation to this day. Patterson left office with little to show for his efforts and opposed for one reason or another by nearly all sectors of Alabama. Stymied in efforts to reclaim the governorship or a seat on the Alabama State Supreme Court, Patterson was appointed by Wallace to the state court of criminal appeals in 1984 and served on that body until retiring in 1997. In 2004, he served as one of the justices who removed the chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court Roy Moore for ignoring a federal court order.

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Gene Howard - Patterson for Alabama, The Life and Career of John Patterson (2008).pdf

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Indians of North America - Nancy Bonvillain - The Zuni (2006).jpg

A portrait of the Zuni of the American Southwest examines their thriving culture of farmers, builders, and traders and notes how their ability to adapt enabled them to survive pivotal developments in history.

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Indians of North America - Nancy Bonvillain - The Zuni (2006).pdf

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Inter-American Development Bank - Living with Debt , How to Limit the Risks of Sovereign Finance (200 6).jpg

Living with Debt focuses on how to manage sovereign debt safely and effectively. The report traces the history of sovereign borrowing in Latin America, releases a new data set on public debt, and analyzes the evolution of debt, highlighting the recent trend toward higher levels of domestic debt and lower external borrowing. The report also includes a detailed study of the costs of sovereign defaults such as those that have affected some Latin American countries in recent years.

Drawing from in-depth country studies, the report notes the development of domestic debt markets, which have the potential to increase the availability of finance for the private sector and enhance financial markets' stability more generally. However, the report concludes that safely managing domestic debt presents somewhat different--but not necessarily simpler--challenges. In particular, the broader range of debt instruments interacts with the variety of shocks to which economies are exposed, requiring a more comprehensive approach to debt sustainability analysis, which the report outlines.

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Inter-American Development Bank - Living with Debt , How to Limit the Risks of Sovereign Finance (200 6).pdf

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Jo Ella Powell Exley - Frontier Blood, Saga of the Parker Family (2001).jpg

The descendants of Elder John Parker were a strange and often brilliant family who may have changed the course of Texas and Western history. Their obsession with religion and their desire for land took them from Virginia to Georgia, Tennessee, Illinois, and finally Texas. From their midst came Cynthia Ann, taken captive by Comanches as a young girl and recaptured as an adult to live in grief among her birth family until she died. From their line too came her son, Quanah Parker, last of the great Comanche war chiefs -- and first of their great peace leaders.Although the broad outlines of the stories of Cynthia Ann and Quanah are familiar, Jo Ella Powell Exley adds a new dimension by placing them in the context of the stubborn, strong, contentious Parker clan, who lived near and dealt with restive Indians across successive frontiers until history finally brought them to Texas, where their fate changed. Drawing on a wealth of contemporary accounts, including several first-person stories, Exley follows Cynthia Ann through her life in the Indian camp and eventually her recapture by her birth family. She also tells the dramatic story of Quanah Parker through childhood, battle, surrender, and reservation life.This narrative is filled with authentic flavor and sets straight a story that has sometimes been distorted. It offers new insight if not a definitive interpretation of Cynthia Ann Parker's last years, providing a more complex picture of the "white" years of a woman who had matured among the Comanches since the age of nine.Among the documents from which Exley draws are a short autobiography of Daniel Parker, Rachel Parker Plummer's two narratives of her Indian captivity, JamesParker's account of his search for Rachel and the other captives, and several autobiographical accounts Quanah dictated to his friends.

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