Opponents rarely go to war without thinking they can win--and clearly, one side must be wrong. This conundrum lies at the heart of the so-called ""war puzzle"": rational states should agree on their differences in power and thus not fight. But as Dominic Johnson argues in Overconfidence and War, states are no more rational than people, who are susceptible to exaggerated ideas of their own virtue, of their ability to control events, and of the future. By looking at this bias--called ""positive illusions""--as it figures in evolutionary biology, psychology, and the politics of international conflict, this book offers compelling insights into why states wage war.
Johnson traces the effects of positive illusions on four turning points in twentieth-century history: two that erupted into war (World War I and Vietnam); and two that did not (the Munich crisis and the Cuban missile crisis). Examining the two wars, he shows how positive illusions have filtered into politics, causing leaders to overestimate themselves and underestimate their adversaries--and to resort to violence to settle a conflict against unreasonable odds. In the Munich and Cuban missile crises, he shows how lessening positive illusions may allow leaders to pursue peaceful solutions.
The human tendency toward overconfidence may have been favored by natural selection throughout our evolutionary history because of the advantages it conferred--heightening combat performance or improving one's ability to bluff an opponent. And yet, as this book suggests--and as the recent conflict in Iraq bears out--in the modern world the consequences of this evolutionary legacy are potentially deadly.

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Dominic D. P. Johnson - Overconfidence and War, Th e Havoc and Glory of Positive Illusions (2004).pdf

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Don Laine, Bardara Laine - Frommer's Colorado (200 5).jpg

* More than 11.5 million people visit Colorado every year, and leisure travel jumped by 10 percent in 2002
* Extensive coverage of outdoor activities including hiking, fishing, and skiing
* Nearly 200 pages longer than the leading competitive guide
* Includes a giant, full-color foldout map

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Don Laine, Bardara Laine - Frommer's Colorado (200 5).pdf

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Emory Elliott - Revolutionary Writers, Literature and Authority in the New Republic, 1725-1810 (198 6).jpg

Elliott demonstrates how America's first men of letters--Timothy Dwight, Joel Barlow, Philip Freneau, Hugh Henry Brackenridge, and Charles Brockden Brown--sought to make individual genius in literature ex the collective genius of the American people. Without literary precedent to aid them, Elliott argues, these writers attempted to convey a vision of what America ought to be; and when the moral imperatives implicit in their writings were rejected by the vast number of their countrymen they became pioneers of another sort--the first to experience the alienation from mainstream American culture that would become the fate of nearly all serious writers who would follow.

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Emory Elliott - Revolutionary Writers, Literature and Authority in the New Republic, 1725-1810 (198 6).pdf

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James Gilbert - A Cycle of Outrage, America's Reac tion to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s (1988 ).jpg

The youth culture is on everyone's lips today, as ures build to ban controversial song lyrics, reintroduce school prayer, and prohibit teenagers' access to contraceptives. It's not the first time Americans have been outraged over the "seuction of the innocent."
When James Dean and Marlon Brando donned their motorcycle jackets and adopted alienated poses in Rebel Without a Cause, East of Eden, and The Wild One, in the 1950's, so did countless numbers of American teenagers. Or so it seemed to their parents. American teenagers were looking and acting like juvenile delinquents. By mid-decade, the nation had reached a pitch of near obsession with the harmful effects of film, radio, comic books, and television on American youth. Experts across the land denounced mass culture as depriving young people of their innocence and weakening their parents' hold on them. By the end of the decade, the obsession had ended, although the actual numbers of juvenile delinquents had apparently risen.
A Cycle of Outrage explores the 1950's debate over the media and juvenile delinquency among parents, professionals, and the creators of mass culture themselves. In this groundbreaking study, James Gilbert sees the attempt to blame the media as part of a larger reaction of discomfort echoed in recent debates over censorship. The book examines how the central phenomena of the 1950's--the development of youth culture and the rise of a mass media society--became intertwined and confused and argues that young people ceased to be a threat as they were recognized to be a market.

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James Gilbert - A Cycle of Outrage, America's Reac tion to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s (1988 ).pdf

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John V. Orth - The Judicial Power of the United St ates, The Eleventh Amendment in American HistoryUn ited (2987).jpg

Although less than fifty words long, the meaning of the seemingly simple Eleventh Amendment has troubled the Supreme Court at crucial points in American history and continues to spur sharp debate in present-day courts. The first amendment adopted after the Bill of Rights, the Eleventh Amendment limits the exercise of U.S. judicial power when American states are sued. Its modern meaning was largely shaped around cases concerning the liability of Southern states to pay their debts during and after Reconstruction; by shielding states from liability, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Eleventh Amendment eased the establishment of post-Reconstruction Southern society and left a maddeningly complicated law of federal jurisdiction. Here, Orth reconstructs the fascinating but obscure history of the Eleventh Amendment--the labyrinth of legal doctrine, the economic motives and consequences, the political context, and the legacy of the past--over the last two centuries. Using quotes from Wordsworth, Shaw, Mark Twain, Margaret Mitchell, and other writers to clarify and invigorate his narrative, Orth finally makes accessible an important but complex slice of constitutional history.

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John V. Orth - The Judicial Power of the United St ates, The Eleventh Amendment in American HistoryUn ited (2987).pdf

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Kenneth M. Stampp - The Imperiled Union, Essays on the Background of the Civil War (1981).jpg

A collection of essays by a master historian. Amongst the subjects that Stampp tackles are the inevitability of the Civil War and the truth about why the confederacy actually died. The other essays are a mix of historiography and analysis of issues including Lincoln's role in reinforcing Fort Sumter, the impact of psychology in trading slaves, and the role of racism in the Republican Party.

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Kenneth M. Stampp - The Imperiled Union, Essays on the Background of the Civil War (1981).pdf

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Marilyn Michaud - Republicanism and the American G othic (2009).jpg

Republicanism and the American gothic offers a comparative study of British and American literature and culture in the 1790s and 1950s, as it recontextualizes American gothic fiction from the perspective of the cold war. Exploring the republican tradition of the British Enlightenment and the effect of its translation and migration to the American colonies, Marilyn Michaud pays particular attention to the transatlantic influence of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century libertarian and anti-authoritarian thought on British and American revolutionary culture.

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Marilyn Michaud - Republicanism and the American G othic (2009).pdf

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Michael Useem - The Inner Circle, Large Corporatio ns and the Rise of Business Political Activity in the U.S. and U.K. (1986).jpg

01 - USA1 - Michael Useem - The Inner Circle, Large Corporations a...Business Political Activity in the U.S. and U.K. 1986.jpg

Driven by declining profits and government regulation, a new form of class-wide business leadership has emerged: a transcorporate network that is giving a new coherence and power to business in both America and Britain. This book delineates the "inner circle" of top executives who play a leading role in this network, advising the highest levels of government and working to promote a political environment favorable to all business.

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Michael Useem - The Inner Circle, Large Corporatio ns and the Rise of Business Political Activity in the U.S. and U.K. (1986).pdf

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Osprey - Warrior 140 - Gordon L. Rottman - US Mech anized Infantryman in the First Gulf WarBook (2009 ).jpg

In many ways the end of the Vietnam War left the US army a spent force. Plagued by low morale, drug and race issues, and terrible public relations, the army faced an uphill climb in the effort to rebuild itself. The story of this reconstruction is mirrored in the rise of the Mechanized Infantryman. Deciding that the key to future conflict lay in highly trained and mobile warriors that could be delivered quickly to battle, the army adopted the mechanized infantryman as its frontline troops. This new, all volunteer force was given the best training and equipment. Most notably, they were to be deployed onto the battlefield from the new M2 Bradley Armoured Fighting Vehicle. This new breed of American warriors got their first test in the First Gulf War. Fighting in the deserts of Kuwait and Iraq, these soldiers proved that the US Army was once again a force with which to be reckoned. This book tells the story of the rise of the US mechanised infantryman, focusing on his recruitment, training, lifestyle and combat experiences in Iraq.

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Robert Leslie Smith - Gone to the Swamp, Raw Mater ials for the Good Life in the Mobile-Tensaw Delta (2008).jpg

In the hinterland behind the port of Mobile lies the vast swampy convergence of the Mobile and Tensaw Rivers, a delta rich in fish, game animals, hard and softwood resources, and the beauty and solitude of the wild – but also rich in varmints big and little, including some human ones, and the manifold dangers of a world where land, sky, and water seem to blend together and one can become lost 100 paces in any direction, if not drowned or devoured first.
To make a living here, one had to be capable, confident, clever and inventive, know a lot about survival, be able to fashion and repair tools, navigate a boat, fell a tree, treat a snakebite, make a meal from whatever was handy without asking too many questions about it, and get along with folks.
This fascinating and instructive book is the careful and unpretentious account of a man who was artful in all the skills needed to survive and raise a family in an area where most people would be lost or helpless. Smith’s story is an important record of a way of life beginning to disappear, a loss not fully yet realized. We are lucky to have a work that is both instructive and warm-hearted and that preserves so much hard-won knowledge.

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Robert Leslie Smith - Gone to the Swamp, Raw Mater ials for the Good Life in the Mobile-Tensaw Delta (2008).pdf

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Suzanne McIntire - The American Heritage Book of G reat American Speeches for Young People (2001).jpg

The history of the United States has been characterized by fervent idealism, intense struggle, and radical change. And for every critical, defining moment in American history, there were those whose impassioned voices rang out, clear and true, and whose words compelled the minds and hearts of all who heard them. When Patrick Henry declared, "Give me liberty, or give me death!", when Martin Luther King Jr. said, "I have a dream", Americans listened and were profoundly affected. These speeches stand today as testaments to this great nation made up of individuals with bold ideas and unshakeable convictions.

The American Heritage Book of Great American Speeches for Young People includes over 100 speeches by founding fathers, patriots, Native American and African American leaders, abolitionists, women's suffrage and labor activists, writers, athletes, and others from all walks of life, featuring inspiring and unforgettable speeches by such notable speakers as:

Patrick Henry * Thomas Jefferson * Tecumseh * Frederick Douglass * Sojourner Truth * Abraham Lincoln * Susan B. Anthony * Mother Jones * Lou Gehrig * Franklin D. Roosevelt * Albert Einstein * Pearl S. Buck * Langston Hughes * John F. Kennedy * Martin Luther King Jr.

These are the voices that shaped our history. They are powerful, moving, and, above all else, uniquely American.

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Suzanne McIntire - The American Heritage Book of G reat American Speeches for Young People (2001).pdf

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Harry Collis, Mario Russo - 101 American English I dioms, Understanding and Speaking English Like an American (2001).jpg

01 - USA1 - Harry Collis, Mario Russo - 101 American English Idiom...derstanding and Speaking English Like an American 2001.jpg

This collection of whimsically illustrated cartoons, dialogues, and narrative is specially designed to develop "American" English comprehension and pronunciation skills. Includes book and 2 CD.
101 American English Idioms takes the mystery out of these common U.S. expressions and explains their meanings in context. On the audio CD, native speakers read each of the 101 idioms, so you can hear how American English sounds and practice what you have learned.

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Harry Collis, Mario Russo - 101 American English I dioms, Understanding and Speaking English Like an American (2001).mp3

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Harry Collis, Mario Russo - 101 American English I dioms, Understanding and Speaking English Like an American (2001) 01.pdf

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Barbara Laine, Don Laine - Frommer's Zion & Bryce Canyon National Parks (2004).jpg

* The best strategies for seeing these spectacular parks—and the lowdown on equally stunning (and less crowded!) natural wonders nearby
* Great places to stay: cozy park lodges, family-friendly gateway motels, and the best campgrounds
* The best hikes, from meandering garden paths to thrilling canyon trails—plus cross-country ski treks, mountain bike and horseback tours, and more
* Where to eat and stock up on supplies, both in the parks and in nearby towns
* Detailed, accurate regional, park, and trail maps

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Barbara Laine, Don Laine - Frommer's Zion & Bryce Canyon National Parks (2004).pdf

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Barry Keith Grant - Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film (2007).jpg

*Starred Review* There are more film reference works than most libraries need; Reference Books Bulletin has reviewed 175 film sources in the last 10 years. Perhaps because film territory is vast and film facts and reviews are readily available on the Internet, recent film sources tend to be specialized guides such as The Holocaust Film Sourcebook (Praeger, 2004) or The Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film (Routledge, 2005). Reasonably priced single-volume works abound, including Gale's Videohound series, the American Film Institute Desk Reference (DK, 2002), and Ephraim Katz's Film Encyclopedia (5th ed., Collins, 2005). Therefore, it is impressive that Schirmer has taken on—very successfully—a comprehensive, four-volume film encyclopedia with substantive articles written by contributors with stellar academic credentials. The Schrimer Encyclopedia of Film is intended to offer "a comprehensive and accessible overview of film history and theory with an American emphasis" to students, teachers, and general readers. The set's 200 thorough, expertly written articles include theory (Queer theory, Reception theory); genres (Road movies, Westerns); national cinema (Cuba, India); artistic and technical topics (Cinematography, Makeup); actor categories (Animal actors, Child actors); writing (Adaptation, Screenwriting); historical contexts (Cold war, Vietnam War); and studios (United Artists, Walt Disney Company). Each article concludes with suggestions for further reading, mostly recent or classic books plus the occasional Web site. The encyclopedia does not include articles on specific individuals or films but places one-page sidebar biographies within articles relating to the person's significance. For example, Cartoons has a sidebar on animator Chuck Jones. The more than 230 sidebars include selective suggestions for reading or viewing. Entries range from 1,500 to 9,000 words in length. Each entry and sidebar is signed. The 160 contributors are listed in the last volume along with their credentials. Editor Grant is professor of film studies and popular culture at Brock University and author of Documenting the Documentary: Close Readings of Documentary Film and Video (Wayne State, 1998) and The Film Studies Dictionary (Oxford, 2000), among other titles. Excellent black-and-white and color movie stills, portraits, and technical diagrams enhance the set; comprehensive indexes in each volume are accurate and convenient. A glossary defines specialized film terms (e.g., jump cut) and concepts (e.g., iconography, myth) necessary for understanding articles. The Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film is highly recommended for academic and public libraries and for high-school libraries supporting film studies.

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Bill Bryson - Made in America (1994).jpg

Bill Bryson turns away form the highways and byways of middle America, so hilariously depicted in his bestselling The Lost Continent, for a fast, exhilarating ride along the Route 66 of American language and popular culture.nnIn Made in America, Bryson de-mythologizes his native land - explaining how a dusty desert hamlet with neither woods nor holly became Hollywood, how the Wild West wasn't won, why Americans say 'lootenant' and 'Toosday', how Americans were eating junk food long before the word itself was cooked up - as well as exposing the true origins of the G-string, the original $64,000 question and Dr Kellogg of cornflakes fame.nnBuy this book at once and have a nice day!

About the Author
Bill Bryson was born in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1951. He settled in England in 1977, and lived for many years with his English wife and four children in North Yorkshire. He and his family then moved to America for a few years but have now returned to the UK. His the bestselling travel books include The Lost Continent, Neither Here Nor There,A Walk in the Woods and Down Under. He is also the author of the prize-winning A Short History of Nearly Everything, and his most recent book is The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid.

Table of Contents
The book is a triumph. Bryson carries it off by his joie de vivre, his unadorned prose and the sheer width of his snooping beneath the skin of the American dream','A tremendously sassy work, full of zip, pizzazz and all those other great American qualities','Immensely entertaining a sharp eye for odd facts and amusing anecdotes','Funny, wise, learned and compulsive'

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Bryn O'Callaghan - An Illustrated History of the U SA (1990).jpg

A fascinating history of the USA from the time of the Amerindians to the culturally diverse but united country of today. Describes all the major events, and concludes with an evaluation of America's impact on the world this century. Makes extensive use of contemporary quotations to examine the contribution made by various people - not all of them famous - to American history.

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U Mnie same najlepsze screenmaty 2000-2005 roku I Deskmaty!!!!

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