In 1991, the world looked in amazement at the collapse of the Soviet Union. But as Stephen Kotkin asserts in his concise, uncompromising history, this downfall was neither sudden nor unexpected but rather inevitable.Combining historical and geopolitical analysis with an absorbing narrative, Kotkin draws upon extensive research, including memoirs of dozens of insiders and senior figures. He illuminates the factors that led to the demise of Communism and the USSR, putting the collapse in the context of theglobal economic changes from the 1970s to the present day, examining for example why the advent of Siberian oil had profound effects on the Soviet Union's raison d'etre. Kotkin also provides vivid portraits of key personalities. Using recently released archive materials, for example, he paints a new picture of Gorbachev's rise to General Secretary. Further, we see Gorbachev, the virtuoso tactician and resolutely committed reformer, "flabbergasted by the fact that his socialist renewal was leading to the system's liquidation"--and more or less going along with it. Here, too, is Boris Yeltsin,full of the theatrics and "ham-handed populism" that especially aggravated Gorbachev. Finally, Kotkin creates a compelling profile of the "stable mess" that is post-Soviet Russia and he reminds us, with chilling immediacy, of what could not have been predicted--that the world's largest police state,
with several million troops, a doomsday arsenal, and an appalling record of violence, would liquidate itself with barely a whimper.
At once authoritative and provocative, Armageddon Averted illuminates the collapse of the Soviet Union, revealing how "principled restraint and scheming self-interest brought a deadly system to meek dissolution."

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Gary North - Marx's Religion of Revolution, Regene ration Through Chaos (1989).jpg

This study examines the major facts of Marx and early Marxism: biography, religion, philosophy, and economics, first published in 1968, it has been updated with a lengthy Preface and a concluding chapter, plus an astounding appendix. "The Myth of Marx's Poverty," which proves that in the years when he wrote Das Kapital,Karl Marx was a rich man. It was not poverty that brought Marx to Marxism; it was his all consuming hatred. North shows that it was hatred of humanity that led Marx to revive the ancient pagan belief in social regeneration through systematic chaos, and then to provide it with new clothes and respectability through pseudo-economics. North's study has been regarded for years as the most penetrating Christian analysis of Marx ever written, and this new edition is even more devastating than the first.

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Gary North - Marx's Religion of Revolution, Regene ration Through Chaos (1989).pdf

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Charity Scribner - Requiem for Communism (2003).jpg

In Requiem for Communism Charity Scribner examines the politics of memory in postindustrial literature and art. Writers and artists from Europe's second world have responded to the last socialist crisis with works that range from sober description to melancholic fixation. This book is the first survey of this cultural field. Today, as the cultures of Eastern and Western Europe merge into the Infobahn of late capitalism, the second world is being left behind. The European Union has pronounced obsolete the structures that once defined and linked industrial cities from Manchester to Karl-Marx-Stadt--the decaying factories and working collectives, the wasted ideals of state socialism and the welfare state. Marxist exponents of global empire see this historical turn as an occasion to eulogize "the lightness and joy of being communist." But for many writers and artists on the left, the fallout of the last century's socialist crisis calls for an elegy. This regret has prompted a proliferation of literary texts and artworks, as well as a boom in museum exhibitions that race to curate the wreckage of socialism and its industrial remnants. The best of these works do not take us back to the factory. Rather they look for something to take out of it: the intractable moments of solidarity among men and women that did not square with the market or the plan. Requiem for Communism explores a selection of signal works. They include John Berger?s narrative trilogy Into Their Labors; Documenta, the German platform for contemporary art and ideas; Krzysztof Kieslowski's cinema of mourning and Andrzej Wajda's filmed chronicles of the Solidarity movement; the art of Joseph Beuys and Rachel Whiteread; the novels of Christa Wolf; and Leslie Kaplan's antinostalgic memoir of women's material labor in France. Sorting among the ruins of the second world, the critical minds of contemporary Europe aim to salvage both the remains of socialist ideals and the latent feminist potential that attended them.

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Charity Scribner - Requiem for Communism (2003).pdf

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Michael Korda - Journey to a Revolution, A Persona l Memoir and History of the Hungarian Revolution o f 1956 (2007).jpg

Communism - Books - Michael Korda - Journey to a Revolution, A Persona...d History of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 2007.jpg

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was perhaps the most dramatic single event of the Cold War and a major turning point in history. Though it ended unsuccessfully, the spontaneous uprising of Hungarians against their country's Communist party and the Soviet occupation forces in the wake of Stalin's death demonstrated to the world at large the failure of Communism. In full view of the Western media—and therefore the world—the Russians were obliged to use force on a vast scale to subdue armed students, factory workers, and intellectuals in the streets of a major European capital.
In October 1956, Michael Korda and three fellow Oxford undergraduates traveled to Budapest in a beat-up Volkswagen to bring badly needed medicine to the hospitals—and to participate, at street level, in one of the great battles of the postwar era. Journey to a Revolution is at once history and a compelling memoir—the author's riveting account of the course of the revolution, from its heroic beginnings to the sad martyrdom of its end.

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Men-at-arms 305 - Mikhail Khvostov - The Russian Civil War (2), The White Armies (1997).jpg

Soon after the 1917 February revolution, and the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the White cause began to emerge and oppose the Bolsheviks. There was, however, no single, united White Army to fight the Red Army and the forces available to the Whites represented a spectrum of political factions including monarchist military organisations and social-democrats. Many of the Cossack hosts also sided with the Whites, seeing it as an opportunity to create their own independent states; others remained neutral or hostile to both sides. This fascinating text by Mikhail Khvostov examines the colourful uniforms and the equipment of the White armies of the Russian Civil War.

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Men-at-arms 305 - Mikhail Khvostov - The Russian Civil War (2), The White Armies (1997).pdf

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Mark Harrison - Guns and Rubles, The Defense Indus try in the Stalinist State (2008).jpg

"This volume covers a hugely important topic and is bursting with findings. It marries rich empirical detail with sophisticated theoretical treatment."-Yoram Gorlizki, University of Manchester

"This book presents a clear picture of the role of the defence sector in economic planning in the USSR in the pre-World War II period. It combines economic analysis with archival research."-Michael Ellman, University of Amsterdam

"In the last decade a group of scholars have finally shown us how Stalin''s dictatorship worked. Now they demystify one of the paradoxes of the Soviet Union: how could central planning have defeated the Nazis? The book will be a must read for all those interested in dictatorship and the political economy of development."-James Robinson, Harvard University

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Mark Harrison - Guns and Rubles, The Defense Indus try in the Stalinist State (2008).pdf

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Nathan Leites - The Operational Code of the Politb uro (1951).jpg

This influential study, originally published in 1951, provides insight into the political leadership and foreign policy in the Soviet Union and other communist states; the development of Soviet military strategy and doctrine; and the organization and operation of the Soviet economy. It was the inaugural publication in what was then called 3The RAND Series2 and later became known as RAND1s commercial books series, which aimed to make RAND1s groundbreaking research available to the public. This is a reprint of the original 1951edition.

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Nathan Leites - The Operational Code of the Politb uro (1951).pdf

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Paul R. Gregory - Terror by Quota, State Security from Lenin to Stalin (2009).jpg

This original analysis of the workings of Soviet state security organs under Lenin and Stalin addresses a series of questions that have long resisted satisfactory answers. Why did political repression affect so many people, most of them ordinary citizens? Why did repression come in waves or cycles? Why were economic and petty crimes regarded as political crimes? What was the reason for relying on extra-judicial tribunals? And what motivated the extreme harshness of punishments, including the widespread use of the death penalty?

Through an approach that synthesizes history and economics, Paul Gregory develops systematic explanations for the way terror was applied, how terror agents were recruited, how they carried out their jobs, and how they were motivated. The book draws on extensive, recently opened archives of the Gulag administration, the Politburo, and state security agencies themselves to illuminate in new ways terror and repression in the Soviet Union as well as dictatorships in other times and places.

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Paul R. Gregory - Terror by Quota, State Security from Lenin to Stalin (2009).pdf

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Sean McMeekin - History's Greatest Heist, The Loot ing of Russia by the Bolsheviks (2008).jpg

Historians have never resolved a central mystery of the Russian Revolution: How did the Bolsheviks, despite facing a world of enemies and leaving nothing but economic ruin in their path, manage to stay in power through five long years of civil war? In this penetrating book, Sean McMeekin draws on previously undiscovered materials from the Soviet Ministry of Finance and other European and American archives to expose some of the darkest secrets of Russia’s early days of communism. Building on one archival revelation after another, the author reveals how the Bolsheviks financed their aggression through astonishingly extensive thievery. Their looting included everything from the cash savings of private citizens to gold, silver, diamonds, jewelry, icons, antiques, and artwork.By tracking illicit Soviet financial transactions across Europe, McMeekin shows how Lenin’s regime accomplished history’s greatest heist between 1917 and 1922 and turned centuries of accumulated wealth into the sinews of class war. McMeekin also names names, introducing for the first time the compliant bankers, lawyers, and middlemen who, for a price, helped the Bolsheviks launder their loot, impoverish Russia, and impose their brutal will on millions.

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Sean McMeekin - History's Greatest Heist, The Loot ing of Russia by the Bolsheviks (2008).pdf

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Klub Trójki 2009-06-25.mp3

GUŁAG W OCZACH ZACHODU
Jak to możliwe, że sowieckie łagry - inaczej niż nazistowskie obozy koncentracyjne - nigdy nie zostały konsekwentnie potępione przez opinię publiczną w krajach "wolnego świata"? Że politycy, intelektualiści, artyści z USA i Europy Zachodniej nie przyjmowali do wiadomości zbrodni, dokonywanych w imię komunizmu? I jaki morał miałby dzisiaj płynąć z analizy ich dziwacznej postawy?
Takie pytania zadaje prof. Dariusz Tołczyk z University of Virginia w swojej książce "Gułag w oczach Zachodu", wydanej właśnie w Polsce.
O naiwności, politycznym kunktatorstwie i złej woli, a także o tym, jak się czuje Polak pracujący w Ameryce nad historią Rosji, w dzisiejszym "Klubie Trójki" Jerzy Sosnowski rozmawiał będzie z Dariuszem Tołczykiem.
Do usłyszenia o 21.05. O TYM SIĘ MÓWI!!!

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Peter Huchthausen, Igor Kurdin, R. Alan White - Ho stile Waters, The Death of Soviet Submarine K219 ( 1997).jpg

Communism - Books - Peter Huchthausen, Igor Kurdin, R. Alan White - Ho...le Waters, The Death of Soviet Submarine K219 1997.jpg

The cold war was nearly over by 1986, yet under the sea the deadly game of hide-and-seek played by Soviet and American submarines continued unabated. Off the east coast of America, an aging Soviet ballistic missile sub, a "boomer," suffered a crippling accident, coming within moments of a nuclear meltdown. Had her reactors exploded, the radioactivity released into the Gulf Stream would have dwarfed the Chernobyl disaster.

This is the gripping, true story of the young Soviet sailors who fought to save their submarine, risking fire, smoke, poison gas, and intense radioactivity. Their secret struggle and sacrifice saved the American coast from nuclear catastrophe. Told in the words of the survivors, it is a story never before revealed outside the submarine community.

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Peter Huchthausen, Igor Kurdin, R. Alan White - Ho stile Waters, The Death of Soviet Submarine K219 ( 1997) .pdf

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Jean Daubier - A history of the Chinese cultural r evolution (1974).jpg

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into wide-scale social, political, and economic violence and chaos, which grew to include large sections of Chinese society and eventually brought the entire country to the brink of civil war.

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Jean Daubier - A history of the Chinese cultural r evolution (1974).pdf

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David Bullock - The Russian Civil War 1918-22 (200 8).jpg

The Russian Civil War was the most important event of its kind in the 20th century. It changed the lives of over half a billion people and dramatically shaped the political, human and economic geography of Europe, the Far East and Central Asia. Over a tempestuous four-year period the Communist Red Army and the loosely formed, anti-Bolshevist White Army battled in a war that would totally transform the vast Eurasian heartland and lead to Communist revolutions worldwide as well as the Cold War. David Bullock offers a fresh perspective on this conflict, examining the forces of both sides, the intervention of non-Russian forces, including American, Canadian, British, and Japanese troops, and the involvement of female soldiers and partisans.

The military story of massed infantry and cavalry actions, mechanized warfare with tanks, armored cars and trains, and air combat, all along rapidly shifting fronts, is told against the incredible backdrop of political and social revolution. It is an account that is interwoven with tragedy - 30 million people died during the Civil War - and the author skillfully places the battles in the context of human suffering as he explores the cruel sacrifice of a huge population on the altar of political power.

The absorbing text includes dramatic first-hand accounts, and is vividly illustrated with carefully selected previously unpublished photographs. This new insight into history's most significant civil war, which began 90 years ago, will be welcomed by all students of history seeking a compact account of the conflict that brought into being a new superpower - the USSR - and its threatening ideology.

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Feliks Edmundowicz Dzierżyński (1).jpg

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Feliks Edmundowicz Dzierżyński.jpg

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1 maja.jpg

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Klub Trójki 2009-01-19.mp3

LITERACI W SIDŁACH BEZPIEKI
"Największym zaskoczeniem podczas badania dokumentów dotyczących inwigilacji przez służby bezpieczeństwa środowisk literackich, był ogrom i skala tego zjawiska, a także ilość zgromadzonych materiałów" - powiedziała Joanna Siedlecka, autorka książki "Kryptonim liryka" o bezpiece wobec pisarzy. Poznajemy zatem dokumenty, zapisy podsłuchiwanych rozmów, nazwiska tych, którzy donosili. Czy rzeczywiście powinna to być wiedza publiczna? I co istotnego mówi nam dzisiaj? Zapraszamy do klubu Trójki, po 21 - z autorką rozmawia Dariusz Rosiak.

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Klub Trójki 2009-03-17.mp3

ZACHŁYŚNIĘCI MARKSIZMEM
Dlaczego i w jaki sposób marksizm uwodził intelektualistów w latach 20 i 30. XX wieku? Jakie budził nadzieje i tęsknoty? I jaką przyszło zapłacić za to cenę? Pokoleniu "oczarowanych i rozczarowanych marksizmem" polskich pisarzy i poetów przygląda się z dalekiej, amerykańskiej perspektywy profesor historii, Marci Shore w książce "Kawior i popiół". I robi to w sposób fascynujący... Zapraszamy na spotkanie z autorką! Rozmowę prowadzi Dariusz Rosiak

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Andrzej Krajewski - Polska Gierka. Bilans 'złotej dekady'.doc

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Aleksander Kwaśniewski - Przemówienie podczas prz yznania mu dr honoris causa w Jerozolimie 2004.pdf

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