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widziany: 1.11.2025 12:22

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This volume presents a wide range of contributions that analyse the cultural, sociological and communicative significance of tears and crying in Graeco-Roman antiquity. The papers cover the time from the eighth century BCE until late antiquity and take into account a broad variety of literary genres such as epic, tragedy, historiography, elegy, philosophical texts, epigram and the novel. The collection also contains two papers from modern socio-psychology.

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The division of the late Roman Empire into two theoretically cooperating parts by the brothers Valentinian and Valens in 364 deeply influenced many aspects of government in each of the divisions. Although the imperial policies during this well-documented and formative period are generally understood to have been driven by the religious and ideological aims of the emperors, R. Malcolm Errington argues that the emperors were actually much more pragmatic in their decision making than has previously been assumed.
The division of responsibilities between the emperors inevitably encouraged separate developments and allowed locally varying and often changing imperial attitudes toward different forms of religious belief. Errington demonstrates that the main stimulus for action in this period nearly always came from below the level of the imperial government, and not from an imperial initiative. Extending the theory of Fergus Millar into the later empire, Errington argues that the emperors were fundamentally reactive to regionally supplied information, as Millar has asserted was the case for the High Empire. Thus, despite significant structural changes, the empire remained broadly traditional in its operations.

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The Roman Empire was a remarkable achievement. It had a population of sixty million people spread across lands encircling the Mediterranean and stretching from northern England to the sun-baked banks of the Euphrates, and from the Rhine to the North African coast. It was, above all else, an empire of force--employing a mixture of violence, suppression, order, and tactical use of power to develop an astonishingly uniform culture.
Here, historian Christopher Kelly covers the history of the Empire from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius, describing the empire's formation, and its political, religious, cultural, and social structures. It looks at the daily lives of the Empire's people: both those in Rome as well as those living in its furthest colonies. Romans used astonishing logistical feats, political savvy, and military oppression to rule their vast empire. This Very Short Introduction examines how they "romanised" the cultures they conquered, imposing their own culture in order to subsume them completely. The book also looks at how the Roman Empire has been considered and depicted in more recent times, from the writings of Edward Gibbon to the Hollywood blockbuster Gladiator. It will prove a valuable introduction for readers interested in classical hist

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Of all Roman emperors none, with the possible exception of Nero, surpasses Caligula''s reputation for infamy. But was Caligula really the mad despot and depraved monster of popular legend or the victim of hostile ancient historians?
In this study of Caligula''s life, reign and violent death, Anthony A. Barrett draws on the archaeological and numismatic evidence to supplement the later written record. In Professor Barrett''s view, the mystery of Caligula''s reign is not why he descended into autocracy, but how any intelligent Roman could have expected a different outcome - to grant total power to an inexperienced and arrogant young man was a recipe for disaster. This book, scholarly and accessible, offers a careful reconstruction of Caligula''s life and times, and a shrewd assessment of his historical importance.

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''The book is founded on a comprehensive knowledge of the latest scholarship, and makes use of the most recent archaeological evidence.'' - Greece and Rome
''An interesting and readable book, with good illustrative material.'' - David Shotter, Minerva
''A lucid, scholarly and highly readable book.'' - Daily Telegraph

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W. deserves admiration for having squeezed so much interesting material so accessibly into so little space. - Journal of Roman Studies

Aurelian and the Third Century provides a re-evaluation, in the light of recent scholarship, of the difficulties facing the Roman empire in the AD 260s and 270s, concentrating upon the reign of the Emperor Aurelian and his part in summoning them.

With introduction examining the situation in the mid third century, the book is divided into two parts:
- Part 1: deals chronologically with the military and political events of the period from 268 to 276
- Part 2: analyzes the other achievements and events of Aurelian's reign and assesses their importance.

A key supplement to the study of the Roman Empire.

This concise and informative biography deals with Aurelian, Emperor of Rome from 270-275; a man who in many ways revitalized the military and politic fiber of Rome, but whose comparatively brief reign has left him largely forgotten. (Indeed until this biography the usual means of reading about Aurelian - other than through Gibbon - was to go to biographies on Queen Zenobia, the Palmyrian rebel who he famously defeated). In every sense, Aurelian's brief but successful reign presaged Diocletian's lengthy and successful one.

The first half of the book is a narrative of his many achievements (peace in Britain, the Eastern frontier restored, an imperial pretender in Gaul defeated, the Aurelian walls constructed); the second is more of an essay-format discussion of the economic and other social aspects of his reign. My only gripe is that the second half is considerably more academic than the first, and as such does not read as well. Having said that, this is an excellent work. Particularly interesting is Watson's observations about the supposed 3rd century "decline"; as he observes, this is an after-the-fact construct, and Romans of that era did not necessarily view themselves as being in the middle of some giant historic slide.

Table of contents : Preface. List of Abbreviations. List of dates. Maps. 1. Introduction: The Third-Century Crisis.
Part I: 'Restorer of the World' 2. A Divided Empire 3. Aurelian Ascendent 4. Zenobia and the East 5. The Palmyrene Wars 6. War in the West: The Re-unification of the Empire 7. The End of Aurelian
Part II: Internal Politics 8. Economic Reforms 9. Public Works and Administration 10. The Emperor, the Senate and the Armies 11. The Emperor and the Divine Conclusion.
Appendix A: Excursion on Sources. Appendix B: Problems of chronology. Bibliography. Index.

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During the period from Rome's Stone Age beginnings on the Tiber River to its conquest of the Italian peninsula in 264 B.C., the Romans in large measure developed the social, political, and military structure that would be the foundation of their spectacular imperial success. In this comprehensive and clearly written account, Gary Forsythe draws extensively from historical, archaeological, linguistic, epigraphic, religious, and legal evidence as he traces Rome's early development within a multicultural environment of Latins, Sabines, Etruscans, Greeks, and Phoenicians. His study charts the development of the classical republican institutions that would eventually enable Rome to create its vast empire, and provides fascinating discussions of topics including Roman prehistory, religion, and language.
In addition to its value as an authoritative synthesis of current research, A Critical History of Early Rome offers a revisionist interpretation of Rome's early history through its innovative use of ancient sources. The history of this period is notoriously difficult to uncover because there are no extant written records, and because the later historiography that affords the only narrative accounts of Rome's early days is shaped by the issues, conflicts, and ways of thinking of its own time. This book provides a groundbreaking examination of those surviving ancient sources in light of their underlying biases, thereby reconstructing early Roman history upon a more solid evidentiary foundation.

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Do the Romans have anything to teach us about the way that they saw the world, and the way they ran their empire? How did they deal with questions of frontiers and migration, so often in the news today?
This collection of ten important essays by C. R. Whittaker, engages with debates and controversies about the Roman frontiers and the concept of empire. Truly global in its focus, the book examines the social, political and cultural implications of the Roman frontiers in Africa, India, Britain, Europe, Asia and the Far East, and provides a comprehensive account of their significance.

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The elaborate and inventive slaughter of humans and animals in the arena fed an insatiable desire for violent spectacle among the Roman people. Donald G. Kyle combines the words of ancient authors with current scholarly research and cross-cultural perspectives, as he explores

* the origins and historical development of the games
* who the victims were and why they were chosen
* how the Romans disposed of the thousands of resulting corpses
* the complex religious and ritual aspects of institutionalised violence
* the particularly savage treatment given to defiant Christians.

This lively and original work provides compelling, sometimes controversial, perspectives on the bloody entertainments of ancient Rome, which continue to fascinate us to this day.

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Roman law, one of the key legal systems from which modern European law is derived, is also one of the binding factors par excellence within the European community. A Short History of Roman Law presents a brief, accurate and up-to-date survey of the history of Roman law.

Olga Tellegen-Couperus divides its thousand-year-history into four periods, each based on the political developments taking place therein. The final section of each chapter analyzes the changes in legislation, jurisdiction and legal science for each period, offering a detailed introduction to the political and socio-economic background of Roman law. Tellegen-Couperus also gives due attention to topics which are currently under debate in Romanist literature. This book will be invaluable for all law students, classicists and ancient historians.
See all Editorial Reviews

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In the first volume in this new series on Roman society and law, Saskia T. Roselaar traces the social and economic history of the ager publicus, or public land. As the Romans conquered Italy during the fourth to first centuries BC, they usually took land away from their defeated enemies and declared this to be the property of the Roman state. This land could be distributed to Roman citizens, but it could also remain in the hands of the state, in which case it was available for general public use. However, in the third and second centuries BC growth in the population of Italy led to an increased demand for land among both commercial producers and small farmers. This in turn led to the gradual privatization of the state-owned land, as those who held it wanted to safeguard their rights to it. Roselaar traces the currents in Roman economy and demography which led to these developments.

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'Emperor Constantine' is a convenient and concise account of one of the most important figures in ancient history. Hans Pohlsander provides comprehensive coverage of religious, political, legal and military aspects of Constantine's reign.
The Emperor Constantine provides a convenient and concise introduction to one of the most important figures in ancient history. Taking into account the historiographical debates of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Hans A. Pohlsander: describes the Roman world into which Constantine was born assesses Constantine's ability as a soldier and statesman, emphasizes the significance of Constantine as Rome's first Christian emperor, discusses the importance of the establishment of the new capital of Byzantium and gives an even-handed assessment of Constantine's achievements. This second edition is updated throughout to take into account the latest research on the subject. Also included is a revised introduction and an enlarged bibliography.

Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (c. 27 February 272[2] – 22 May 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Best known for being the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine reversed the persecutions of his predecessor, Diocletian, and issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of Christians throughout the empire.

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In the Late Iron Age two kings held dominion over much of Lowland Britain: Cunobelin and Verica. Just before AD 43 the rule of both of them ended - one died and the other fled - and Rome, under the Emperor Claudius, took the opportunity to invade.
Within a few generations the ceremonial centers of these Iron Age kings had been transformed into the magnificence of Roman towns with their monumental public buildings. This book looks at the interface of these two worlds, Iron Age and Roman, to see how much each owed the other.
Britannia: the creation of a Roman province offers a complete re-evaluation of both the evidence for and the interpretation of the rule of the kings of Late Iron Age Britain on the eve of the Roman conquest, and their long-lasting legacy in the creation of the Roman province of Britannia. Among topics considered are:
DT The links between Iron Age kings of Britain and Rome before the Claudian conquest
DT The creation of the towns of Roman Britain
DT The many different natures of "Roman Identity"
DT The long lasting influence of the kings on the development of the province
DT The widely different ways that archaeologists have read the evidence

Review

'This volume confirms John Creighton's prominence in a group of scholars who are changing our perceptions of the era so much that the idea that Roman Britain starts with the Claudian invasion of AD 43 is collapsing. By any standards, this really is writing new history.' - The Times Literary Supplement

'A vibrant synthesis of theory and data ... This is a book to be much admired for presenting a wide range of fresh and ambitious interpretations and developing a sophisticated structurationist account of early Roman Britain in a clear and fluent fashion.' – Cambridge Archaeological Journal

'The issues [Britannia] addresses are crucial to our understanding of a turbulent period in the early history of Britain.' - Britannia

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Sheds new light on the political circumstances surrounding the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity.

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"This intellectually powerful and highly original book examines Roman expansion through the lens of public lawmaking, the process of negotiation and debate by which citizen assemblies resolved conflict and expressed consensus. Williamson incisively examines how problems of expansion were managed, and boldly argues that in the end it was expansion itself—both of the electorate and its leadership—that overwhelmed the problem-solving capacities of public lawmaking and led to the breakdown of the Republic." American Historical Association

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The Romans wrote solemn religious, public, and legal documents on wooden tablets often coated with wax. This book investigates the historical significance of this resonant form of writing and its power to make documents efficacious. It traces its role in court, its spread to the provinces (an aspect of Romanization) and its influence on the evolution of Roman law. Elizabeth Meyer reveals how Roman legal documents on tablets are the ancestors of today's dispositive legal documents--the document as the act itself. In a world where knowledge of Roman law was scarce (and enforcers scarcer), Roman law drew its authority from a wider world of belief.

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The ruling elite in ancient Rome sought to eradicate even the memory of their deceased opponents through a process now known as damnatio memoriae. These formal and traditional practices included removing the person's name and image from public monuments and inscriptions, making it illegal to speak of him, and forbidding funeral observances and mourning. Paradoxically, however, while these practices dishonoured the person's memory, they did not destroy it. Indeed, a later turn of events could restore the offender not only to public favour but also to re-inclusion in the public record. This book examines the process of purge and rehabilitation of memory in the person of Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (?-394). Charles Hedrick describes how Flavian was condemned for participating in the rebellion against the Christian emperor Theodosius the Great - and then restored to the public record a generation later as members of the newly Christianised senatorial class sought to reconcile their pagan past and Christian present. By selectively remembering and forgetting the actions of Flavian, Hedrick argues, the Roman elite honoured their ancestors while participating in profound social, cultural, and religious change. Charles W. Hedrick Jr. is Professor of Ancient History in Cowell College of the University of California at Santa Cruz.

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History sees Augustus Caesar as the first emperor of Rome, whose system of ordered government provided a firm and stable basis for the expansion and prosperity of the Roman Empire. Hailed as 'restorer of the Republic' and regarded by some as a deity in his own lifetime, Augustus was emulated by many of his successors. David Shotter reviews the evidence in order to place Augustus firmly in the context of his own times. Key topics discussed include:
* the background to Augustus Caesar's spectacular rise to power
* his political and imperial reforms
* the creation of the "Respublica "of Augustus
* the legacy Augustus Caesar left to his successors.
Revised throughout, the second edition of this successful book takes the most recent research in the field into account. David Shotter also includes more coverage of the social and cultural aspects of this complex character's reign together with an expanded guide to further reading.

Augustus Caesar is a revised and updated second edition of Shotter's 1991 monograph on the first emperor of Rome. The focus of the second edition remains consistent with the goal of the first: not to offer an exhaustive treatment of the topic but to highlight important themes, problems, and current research and to stimulate thought about the topic in general. The second edition has a short introduction; nine chapters that deal with topics of significance for the study of Augustus; three appendices (important dates, sources, and significant Latin terms -- the appendix from the first edition on provinces and armies in A.D. 14 has been dropped in the second edition); a select bibliography of sources, mostly monographs in English (considerably expanded from the first edition); an index, new to this second edition, of proper names and places, with the names of Roman emperors in capital letters; sixteen plates, twelve of which are coins (plates are new to the second edition); four maps and a genealogical stemma of the Julio-Claudians (the stemma is identical to that of the first edition, and the maps are the same, with the addition of shading). As in the first edition, there are no footnotes or endnotes; there are, however, relevant references in the text to primary sources in translation. Shotter is careful throughout to call Augustus by his correct name at different points in his life: Augustus was born Gaius Octavius in 63 B.C.; he changed his name in 44 B.C. upon his adoption by Julius Caesar to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, preferring to be called Caesar, not Octavianus (Octavian in English usage); and he became Augustus in 27 B.C.

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This volume presents a wide range of pieces from a world-class Latinist which displays both his diverse interests as a scholar and his consistent concern with Augustan texts, their language and literary texture. The range of articles, written over more than three decades and including one previously unpublished piece, covers the same connected territory - largely Virgil, Horace, and elegy. R. O. A. M. Lyne's consistent approach of close reading means that the articles form a coherent whole, while his compelling style as an engaged literary analyst ensures that these are not dry or forbidding pieces.

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