Arthur M. Eckstein - Senate and General, Individual Decision-Making and Roman Foreign Relations, 264-194 B.C. (1987).jpg

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Rome's foreign policy during her extraordinary period of expansion in the middle Republic is commonly thought to have been masterminded by the Roman senate. Rather than deliberate senatorial policy, however. Professor Eckstein's examination of the period emphasizes the crucial role often played by Rome's generals in the field. Especially where states and peoples beyond the shores of Italy were concerned, the senate tended to rely very heavily on the (often ad hoc) decisions made by these men—decisions which, once ratified, became the foundation of Roman policy.
Remove the myth of detailed senatorial control and the notion of a Roman state which consistently evolved coherent, long-term plans and policies—imperialist or otherwise—crumbles. At the same time, the mutual trust exhibited by senate and general—aristocratic concordia— undermines a second historical commonplace, namely that Rome was beset by fierce inter-рагtу strife and institutional tensions in the third and early second centuries B.C.
ARTHUR ECKSTEIN teaches history at the University of Maryland and is the author of several articles on Roman expansion in the Mediterranean.

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