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  • 33 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
One of the great paradoxes of post-medieval Europe, is why instead of bringing peace to a disorganized and violent world, modernity instead produced a seemingly endless string of conflicts and social upheavals. Why was it that the foundation and institutionalization of secured peace and the rule of law seemed to go hand-in-hand with the proliferation of war and the violation of individual and collective rights? In order to try to better understand such profound questions, this volume explores the history and theories of political thought of international relations in the seventeenth century, a period in which many of the defining features and boundaries of modern Europe where fixed and codified. With the discovery of the New World, and the fundamental impact of the Reformation, the complexity of international relations increased considerably. Reactions to these upheavals resulted in a range of responses intended to address the contradictions and conflicts of the anarchical society of states. Alongside the emergence of 'modern' international law, the equation of international relations with the state of nature, and the development of the 'balance of power', diplomatic procedures and commercial customs arose which shaped the emerging (and current) international system of states. Employing a multidisciplinary approach to address these issues, this volume brings together political scientists, philosophers, historians of political thought, jurists and scholars of international relations. What emerges is a certain tension between the different strands of research which allows for a fruitful new synthesis. In this respect the assembled essays in this volume offer a sophisticated and fresh account of the interactions of law, conflict and the nation state in an early-modern European context.

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  • 120 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
This “concise” work seeks to provide a synthesis one of the most complex and expansive subjects of the twentieth century and possibly human history into a usable reference tool. In addition to focusing on significant battles, leaders, politics, and diplomacy, author Nolan (International History Institute) devotes considerable attention to issues on the eastern front as well as the effects of the war on peripheral participants and neutrals. Although there is some discussion of related facts, this is not an encyclopedia of the home front, social movements, or the Holocaust. For the most part, this is a work dedicated to the operations, campaigns, battles, and principal political and military actors in what was the most destructive total war to date. Each volume begins with a comprehensive list of entries and 20 black-and-white maps representing engagements in all theaters of the war, for example, the Battle of the Bulge and Leyte Gulf. The alphabetically arranged entries range in length from single lines (Command post, Dime Force, Interdiction, S-phone) to up to several pages for key individuals (Hermann Goring, Henri Pétain), battles, campaigns, and operations (Ardennes Offensive, Philippines, TORCH) as well as general terms (Aircraft carriers, Fascism, Rations). Other examples of entries include Blockade running, Eastern front, Imperial Japanese Navy, RADAR, U-boats, and Yalta Conference. Most of the larger entries include a suggested reading. Numerous see and see also references aid in navigation. Volume 2 concludes with a comprehensive index and a 32-page categorized, select bibliography for further research. Although any work attempting to cover such a huge topic concisely faces the twin pitfalls of selection and exclusion, Nolan has brought his considerable talents and flair for economic and engaging writing to the task and produced what is certainly an impressive reference work, recommended for larger public libraries and undergraduate collections. It may not be a necessary purchase for libraries that already own the five-volume Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History (2005), which has numerous black-and-white photographs and several hundred documents in addition to many more entries. Also available as an e-book. --Brian Odom

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  • 17 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Cultural imperialism and acculturation find close counterparts in many of the policies and attitudes of Napoleonic administrators in their Italian provinces, explored here from the rich archival sources of the Parisian and Italian archives, long neglected by scholars. Broers repositions the context in which the Napoleonic empire can be studied, and reconfigures the political and historical geography of Italy, in the century before its Unification in 1859.

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  • 280 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Büchsen, Pistolen, Flinten, Musketen
Von den ersten Eisenlauf-Feuerwaffen des 14. Jahrhunderts über die Radschlossbüchsen des 16. und die Dopppelflinten des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Colt Army Revolver (1848) und britischen Lee-Enfield-Gewehr (1895): die Geschichte der Handfeuerwaffen.
Mit · über 250 brillanten Fabfotos · Hintergrundinfos · Register · Fachbegriffs-Erläuterungen.

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  • 181 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Herwig's engrossing narrative of the first battle of the Marne in 1914, really a history of the first six weeks of fighting on the western front, treats the clash as a study in best-laid plans gone awry. The chaos and miscalculation that derailed both the German and French armies' meticulously wrought strategies owed much, Herwig shows, to a new and ghastly style of warfare in which machine guns and heavy artillery rendered courage irrelevant. But his account is also an analysis of generalship, pitting the German commander, Helmuth von Moltke, a weak leader who lost his grip on his armies in the midst of dazzling successes, and French Gen. Joseph Joffre, who imperturbably slapped together new defenses amid disastrous defeats. Herwig combines colorful evocations of the horrors of the fighting with a lucid operational history of the campaign. An immense bloodbath that was supposed to be climactic but proved only a prelude to worse carnage, the Marne becomes, in Herwig's telling, an apt microcosm of the war to end all wars. 16 pages of b&w photos; maps.

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  • 35 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Explaining what William McNeill called The Rise of the West has become the central problem in the study of global history. In Guns, Germs, and Steel Jared Diamond presents the biologist's answer: geography, demography, and ecological happenstance. Diamond evenhandedly reviews human history on every continent since the Ice Age at a rate that emphasizes only the broadest movements of peoples and ideas. Yet his survey is binocular: one eye has the rather distant vision of the evolutionary biologist, while the other eye--and his heart--belongs to the people of New Guinea, where he has done field work for more than 30 years.

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  • 376 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Filling a perceived gap in "Ripperature," Curtis examines how 14 London newspapers covered the Whitechapel murders attributed to Jack the Ripper in 1888. Curtis (history, emeritus, Brown) begins with a brief account of the crimes and a description of the impoverished East End of London, where the murders occurred. He then devotes three chapters to the state of Victorian journalism, with emphasis on how murders and other sensational news were reported. Only about half of the book actually analyzes the Ripper reportage, which, like today's journalism, reflected the social, political, and moral climate of the time. Although Victorian sensibilities dictated that certain details be sanitized or omitted altogether, competition among the daily and weekly papers led each to devote increasing space to the investigations and to the associated speculation and analysis. With its decidedly Anglocentric vocabulary and with close to 700 endnotes (many containing details that are far from marginal), this scholarly work may prove slow going for the amateur U.S. Ripperologist.

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  • 257 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
In his illuminating introduction, Robert Graves discusses the function of myth. He claims that in the first place, it serves to answer the type of awkward questions that children ask, like Who made the world or Who were the first people? The second function of myth is to justify an existing social system and to account for traditional customs and rites.

Graves points out how myths of origin and eventual extinction vary according to the climate and that one finds a warm celestial afterworld in the north or a fresh flowered Elysian Field in Greece. He also deals with the Akan of Ghana and with Egypt and India. His conclusion is that myth is a dramatic shorthand record of stuff like invasions, migrations, dynastic changes, admission of foreign cults and social reforms. For example, when bread was first introduced in Greece, the myth of Demeter and Triptolemus sanctified its use.

The Encyclopedia investigates prehistoric mythology and that of Egypt, Assyro-Babylonia, Phoenicia, Greece, Rome, Persia, India, China, Japan, Oceania and that of the Celts, the Teutons, the Amerindians and Africans. It contains 34 colour plates and hundred of black and white illustrations and it concludes with a further reading list divided under different headings reflecting its chapter contents, plus a thorough index.

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  • 217 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
One of the leading historians of WWI offers this superior one-volume version of his massive projected three-volume work, the first volume of which, To Arms, clocked in at 1250-plus pages last year. Strachan strenuously avoids the traditional focus on the Western Front (and the British) and the conventional assumptions of generals' stupidity and soldiers' valor. The war as he sees it was a race among generals on all sides to create new weapons and tactics faster than their opponents, a race that the Triple Entente won. It was also a race among soldiers to fight with these new weapons and tactics instead of raw courage and numbers wherever possible. Yet Russia and the Dual Monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire were totally unfit for a large modern war (one reason the czar and his empire fell in 1917) and were a source of fatal weakness to Germany's alliance even before Italy changed sides. The political background (including the rising consciousness of colonial nationalities conscripted for the war), social consequences and diplomatic finagling all face an equal amount of revision, leaving the book organized more thematically than chronologically. Readers already familiar with the sequence of events in strict order will benefit most. But all readers will eventually be gripped, and even the most seasoned ones will praise the insights and the original choice of illustrations. This is likely to be the most indispensable one-volume work on the subject since John Keegan's First World War, and will draw serious readers to the larger work.

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  • 20 gru 21 20:09
The final volume discusses the institutions that affected social conditions and influenced values and attitudes. Social policies were made for the most part by the comfortably off and those in power for the supposed good of the less fortunate. Contributors to this volume examine these initiatives with regard to, among others, the development of health care, philanthropy and the voluntary sector, the police and crime, professional associations and unions.

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  • 240 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Nazi history of the Battle for France in 1940; many photos.

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  • 142 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Extremely rare illustrations of 'Soldiers of the Reich' depicting "racial beauty" and aryan features. Much of Willrich's work was destoyed after the war, increasing the rarity value of this book.

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  • 5,7 MB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09

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  • 196 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
In the early 14th century, a new weapon entered the arsenals of European armies. This first generation of black powder weapons put fear into the heart of the enemy and in 1453 Ottoman cannon succeeded in pummelling the once-impregnable walls of Constantinople. But cannons, which are both slow and cumbersome, were difficult to use and often proved inaccurate. The first handgonnes were the answer. Easily dismissed by later historians as nothing more than crude tubes that shot wildly inaccurate lead balls, more recent research has revealed the true accuracy of the medieval handgonne together with its penetrative power. This volume, complete with detailed illustrations and colour photographs of reconstructed handgonnes, reveals the true history of what could easily have been the most revolutionary weapon in history.This book will be a must for medieval enthusiasts and re-enactors.


Contents
* Introduction
* Development
* Use
* Impact
* Conclusion

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  • 35 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
India Condensed is a book for anyone who needs a quick introduction to India. History, philosophy, religion, language, literature, arts and culture are all discussed in this lively and accessible text. More than a dry recitation of dates, names and events, the topics covered range from stories and legends to current facts and observations. Thousands of years of history, culture and civilization are distilled into one handy book for easy reference.

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  • 128 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
The focus of this dictionary-style work is the past century of African history, covering decades of tremendous change, including resistance to colonial rule and the reestablishment of African independence. Global forces that had an impact on the continent are also considered. An article, for example, on the cold war details the effect of the conflict between the U.S and USSR on Africa. Although the emphasis is clearly the twentieth century, entries place their topics in context: the long article on Christianity considers the churches established in Egypt in the first centuries after Christ as well as the nineteenth-century missionary movements before considering modern developments. Articles on Islam, Arabic language, and slavery are similarly contextual. The scope includes North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa.

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  • 171 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Much has been written about the wealth of nations, the history of unequal distribution of wealth, and the creation of zones of affluence and deprivation, both within and between societies. This book sets out to explore why some Asian nations are more prosperous than others through an examination of how their interaction with and utilization of resources has changed over the centuries.

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  • 27 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Covering the period from the fall of the Roman Empire through to the beginnings of the Renaissance, this indispensable volume investigates the major political, social and cultural changes, showing their spread throughout the middle ages. It uses the most recent developments in scholarship.

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  • 48 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Exceptional work examines Copernican revolution, discusses alchemy, astrology and Harvey’s discovery of the circulatory system, Galileo’s telescopic discoveries, much more.

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  • 228 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
The Island of Malta occupies a pivotal position in the Mediterranean, forming an outpost between North Africa and the soft underbelly of Europe. Such has been its strategic importance throughout the years that it has become one of the most fortified places in the world. Following the successful defence of the island during the Great Siege of 1565, the Knights Hospitaller built new walls and fortifications. These defences failed when Napoleon occupied Malta in 1798, and the island was retaken by the British in 1800. From this point onwards, Malta’s defences were modernised throughout the 19th century and the island’s final test came during World War II. This book examines all these different styles of fortification from the 16th to the 20th century.

Contents
'The Key to Malta' · The Knights of St John: Arrival and Survival · Construction and Reconstruction · The Outer Ring · Malta under the British: 1800-1940 · The Second Siege: 1940-43 · Malta as an Archaeological Site · The Sites Today · Bibliography and Further Reading · Glossary · Index

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  • 204 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
With the exception of the key royal sites, such as Stirling and Edinburgh, few Scottish castles were located at strategic points, or were intended to house garrisons required to defend or subjugate towns. Instead they were primarily fortified dwelling houses, erected in an environment of weak Royal authority and endemic feuding between rival clans and groups, in both Highland and Lowland areas. Although some enceinte castles were developed during the 16th and 17th centuries, most defensive construction focused on the tower house, a distinctive vernacular style of Scottish fortification. This book examines the design, development, and purpose of these quintessentially Scottish buildings, and also covers larger sites such as Urquhart and Blackness.

Contents
Introduction · Chronology · Design and development · Construction · Principles of defence · Tour of a castle: Urquhart · Everyday life in the castles and tower houses · The castles and tower houses at war · The fate of the castles and towers · Index

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  • 163 KB
  • 20 gru 21 20:09
Fearless in battle, gracious in victory, knights lived their lives on a heroic scale, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Vividly retold with superb color and black-and-white photographs and illustrations. "...fantastic...recommend this book most highly....Excellent...."--Midwest Wargamer's Assoc. .... "Superbly illustrated...outstanding....Glorious full-color photographs...exquisite and informative study."--BRAVO.

About the Author
Dr Stephen Turnbull has made himself the world's expert on the Samurai, using his years of diligent research to publish a whole series of bestselling Samurai histories. He is widely employed as a consultant authority on Japanese history and religion.

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