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265 KB
20 gru 21 20:09

Emily J. Hunt - Christianity in 2nd century; The C ase of Tatian (2003).jpg

Tatian is a significant figure in the early Church, his work both representing and revealing his second century context This study offers a detailed exploration of his thought. It is also a valuable introduction to the entire period, particularly the key developments it witnessed in Christianity.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Emily J. Hunt - Christianity in 2nd century; The C ase of Tatian (2003).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Charles F. W. Higham - Encyclopedia of Ancient Asi an Civilizations (2005).jpg

Beginning with an informative introduction that gives an overview of the major stands of Asian civilization from 5,000 B.C.E. to 1,100 C.E., this alphabetically arranged encyclopedia presents clear information on a wide variety of archaeological sites, significant persons, dynasties, and religious and other cultural practices. More than 900 articles cover Central and East Asia, the Southeastern Asian islands, the Indian subcontinent, and Japan and Korea. The entries are written clearly, though without much verve, and include cross-references in small capitals within the body. Entries for people begin with an italicized summary of the person's status and importance. Some articles include see also references at the end, with longer treatments generally terminating with lists of sources (usually two to six) for further reading. Weighting on the entries is appropriate, with shorter treatments for less significant people, places, or concepts (e.g., Chongdi, a Han emperor who ruled briefly) and more in-depth coverage for topics like Buddhism or Harappa (a great city of the Indus Valley Civilization).

More than 50 well-placed black-and-white photographs enhance the presentation. Five maps at the beginning of the volume show the locations of archaeological sites throughout Asia and the Indian subcontinent. All are in black and white, with the elevations indicated only in grey scale, making them a little harder to read than color maps would be. However, they still serve quite ably in terms of locating sites from the text entries. A three-page chronology and extensive bibliography follow the body of the work, as does an accurate index, with main headings indicated by boldface numbers and illustrations by italics.

A sound companion to Asian History on File (Facts On File, 1995), this is a good beginning point for research, especially in regard to archaeological excavations. Suitable for most public and academic library collections and for those high schools with a focus on world or ancient history.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Charles F. W. Higham - Encyclopedia of Ancient Asi an Civilizations (2005).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Suzanne M. Yeager - Jerusalem in Medieval Narrativ e (2008).jpg

During the early medieval period, crusading brought about new ways of writing about the city of Jerusalem in Europe. By creating texts that embellished the historical relationship between the Holy City and England, English authors endowed their nation with a reputation of power and importance. In Jerusalem in Medieval Narrative, Suzanne Yeager identifies the growth of medieval propaganda aimed at rousing interest in crusading, and analyzes how fourteenth-century writers refashioned their sources to create a substantive (if fictive) English role in the fight for Jerusalem. Centering on medieval identity, this study offers new assessments of some of the fourteenth century's most popular works, including English pilgrim itineraries, political treatises, the romances Richard, Coeur de Lion and The Siege of Jerusalem, and the prose Book of Sir John Mandeville. This study will be an essential resource for the study of medieval literary history, travel, crusade, and the place of Jerusalem.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Marilyn Stokstad - Medieval Castles (2005).jpg

"]Stokstad, the author of a well- regarded history of medieval art, has written an account that describes all aspects of medieval castles, with many specific examples and a rich collection of primary sources. Written for high school students and the general reader, the text provides a nuanced look at castles, with attention to their architecture, methods of fortification, methods of warfare, functions besides defense, inhabitants, their fate after the invention of gunpowder, and the romantic attachment to their architecture from the 18th century to the present. This volume focuses mainly on examples in England and France; it is supplemented nicely by examples in another book in this series, also written by a senior scholar, that focuses on the Crusades.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Marilyn Stokstad - Medieval Castles (2005).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Michael Rice - Egypt's Legacy; The Archetypes of W estern Civilization 3000-30 BC (2003).jpg

Egypt's Legacy reviews the splendor and majesty of the history of Ancient Egypt from 3000-30 BC. Drawing upon Jungian analytical psychology, it elucidates the allure of Ancient Egypt, and suggests why Egypt has been so important in the history of the West. Jung claimed that there exist certain psychological drives dormant in our shared unconscious--these he termed archetypes. Characteristic Egyptian institutions such as kingship, the nation-state and an omnipotent, isolated god were powerful and complex manifestations of archetypes. Michael Rice contends that these archetypes underlie most of the accepted norms of Western civilization. Through an inherited unconscious, subsequent civilizations are influenced in their attempts to give archetypes form.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Michael Rice - Egypt's Legacy; The Archetypes of W estern Civilization 3000-30 BC (2003).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Stephen C. Russell - Images of Egypt in Early Bibl ical Literature; Cisjordan-Israelite, Transjordan- Israelite, and Judahite Portrayals (2009).jpg

Historia2 - Stephen C. Russell - Images of Egypt in Early Biblical..., Transjordan-Israelite, and Judahite Portrayals 2009.jpg

This book suggests a regional paradigm for understanding the development of the traditions about Egypt and the exodus in the Hebrew Bible. It offers fresh readings of the golden calf stories in 1 Kgs 12:25-33 and Exod 32, the Balaam oracles in Num 22-24, and the Song of the Sea in Exod 15:1b-18 and from these paints a picture of the differing traditions about Egypt that circulated in Cisjordan Israel, Transjordan Israel, and Judah in the 8th century B.C.E. and earlier. In the north, an exodus from Egypt was celebrated in the Bethel calf cult as a journey of Israelites from Egypt to Cisjordan, without a detour eastward to Sinai. This exodus was envisioned in military terms as suggested by the nature of the polemic in Exod 32, and the attribution of the exodus to the warrior Yahweh, IsraelÂ´s own deity. In the east, a tradition of deliverance from Egypt was celebrated, rather than the idea of a journey, and it was credited to El. In the south, Egypt was recognized as a major enemy, whom Yahweh had defeated, but the traditions there were not formulated in terms of an exodus. While acknowledging the reshaping of these traditions in response to the exile, Images of Egypt argues that they originated in the pre-exilic period and relate to Syro-Palestinian history as it is otherwise known.

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2,9 MB
20 gru 21 20:09

Stephen C. Russell - Images of Egypt in Early Bibl ical Literature; Cisjordan-Israelite, Transjordan- Israelite, and Judahite Portrayals (2009).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Robert Hichens - The Spell Of Egypt (1911).jpg

In Egypt one ever seeks the dead in sunshine, black vaults in the land of the gold. But here in Abydos I was accompanied by whiteness. The general effect of Seti's mighty temple is that it is a white temple when seen in full sunshine and beneath a sky of blinding blue. In an arid place it stands, just beyond an Egyptian village that is a maze of dust... -from "Abydos" Leave it to a beloved novelist to bring to life the allure and mystery of Egypt. First published in 1908 under the title Egypt and Its Monuments, this is a beautifully poetic valentine to that desert land by Robert Hichens, one of the most popular fiction writers of the early 20th century. Romantic and transporting, this lovely book explores the "drowsily splendid" pyramids, the "terrible repose" of the Sphinx, the "silver eddies" of the Nile, the "immense aspect of patience" suggested by the Colossi of Memnon, the Tombs of the Kings, where a "king's silence bids you be silent," and more. Whether you've actually traveled down the Nile or have only dreamed about it, you will be swept away by Hichens' idyllic prose.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Robert Hichens - The Spell Of Egypt (1911).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Lesley & Roy Adkins - The Keys of Egypt; The Obses sion to Decipher Egyptian Hieroglyphs (2000).jpg

Jean-François Champollion's biography is neatly interwoven with Napoleonic history and the functions of Egyptian hieroglyphs in The Keys of Egypt. A gifted bookseller's son born in Revolutionary France, Champollion was to become "gripped by energetic enthusiasm" for Egypt. By the age of 12, he was studying several ancient languages, and, amid a "wave of Egyptomania," he would beat rivals to discover the key to deciphering hieroglyphs. If this was a race, it was a marathon. The breakthrough came after "20 years of obsessive hard work," not through the quick-fix solution often thought to have been provided by the Rosetta stone. The Keys of Egypt details Champollion's life and work, which were hampered by politics, poverty, and an almost hypochondriacal series of health problems. Its sources include letters and journals, the authors having undertaken researches in major libraries and museums. Chapters on Champollion's travels in Italy and Egypt include a good smattering of excerpts from his writings. Although no bibliography is given, there is a helpful passage on various levels of further reading. Highly instructive and fast-paced, The Keys of Egypt is perhaps less dramatic than it might be in portraying troubled times and groundbreaking discovery. It is, however, a clearly expressed and wide-ranging book explaining the complexity of hieroglyphic interpretation and revealing the man whose achievements "meant the discovery of a whole new civilization." - Karen Tiley

Set against a background of academic intrigue and international rivalry, with colorful personalities vying to be the first to unveil the meaning behind ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the story of the decipherment of the Rosetta Stone has all the ingredients of a dramatic scientific quest. Disappointingly, the Adkinses, though experienced writers and consultants on archaeology, don't make the grade in this bland, lackluster account. Instead of approaching the subject matter with new questions and fresh analysis, the authors' predictable narrative adds little to our knowledge of either the French polyglot Jean-Fran ois Champollion (1790-1832), the genius who deciphered the stone, or of the decipherment process itself. The authors focus primarily on the life and education of Champollion, his extraordinary linguistic skills and his competition with Englishman Thomas Young, who was also seeking to decipher hieroglyphs. They maintain, rather inaccurately, that Champollion has not received due recognition, which they feel has instead gone to Young. Their description of the French occupation of Egypt at the time that the Rosetta Stone was discovered is superficial and fails to take into account some of the more recent scholarship on the subject. The authors, in fact, never indicate what sources they utilized for this study. There is a solid core of readers interested in ancient Egypt and hieroglyphs who will grab this book, but they will be disappointed. More satisfied will be the novices turned on to ancient Egypt by the promotion around Abrams's Valley of the Golden Mummies. Savvy booksellers will piggyback the Adkinses' book onto that one. Illus. not seen by PW. (Oct. 15)

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20 gru 21 20:09

Lesley & Roy Adkins - The Keys of Egypt; The Obses sion to Decipher Egyptian Hieroglyphs (2000).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Juliette Day - The baptismal liturgy of Jerusalem; Fourth- and fifth-century evidence from Palestine , Syria and Egypt (2007).jpg

Historia2 - Juliette Day - The baptismal liturgy of Jerusalem Four...-century evidence from Palestine, Syria and Egypt 2007.jpg

Was Jerusalem, under her bishop Cyril, the source of liturgical innovations in the fourth century or was she simply following trends which also affected the liturgy of neighbouring provinces? In assessing these two established propositions in relation to baptism, Juliette Day undertakes a careful comparative analysis of all the relevant sources for Palestine, Egypt and Syria, paying attention to the structure, content and theological narrative of the rites which they describe. The Mystagogical Catecheses, commonly attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem, are the key source in this discussion and this book demonstrates that they date from the episcopate of his successor John.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Juliette Day - The baptismal liturgy of Jerusalem; Fourth- and fifth-century evidence from Palestine , Syria and Egypt (2007).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Donald Rapp - Ice Ages and Interglacials; Measurem ents, Interpretation and Models (2009).jpg

This book studies the history and gives an analysis of extreme climate change on Earth. In order to provide a long-term perspective, the first chapter briefly reviews some of the wild gyrations that occurred in the Earth’s climate hundreds of millions of years ago: snowball Earth and hothouse Earth. Coming closer to modern times, the effects of continental drift, particularly the closing of the Isthmus of Panama are believed to have contributed to the advent of ice ages in the past three million years.

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4,6 MB
20 gru 21 20:09

Donald Rapp - Ice Ages and Interglacials; Measurem ents, Interpretation and Models (2009).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Gianluca P. Parolin - Citizenship in the Arab Worl d; Kin, Religion and Nation-State (2009).jpg

The result of five years of intensive research on citizenship in the Arab world, this volume uses the multidisciplinary approach of comparative legal studies in order to consider the multifaceted reality of nationality and citizenship. Gianluca P. Parolin brings together methodologies from fields as diverse as anthropology, linguistics, sociology, and political science, while exploring a broad range of Western and Arab references accessed in their original languages and sources, making in-text references and contemporary Arab legislation accessible for the general reader.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Gianluca P. Parolin - Citizenship in the Arab Worl d; Kin, Religion and Nation-State (2009).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Shahid Rahman, Tony Street , Hassan Tahiri - The U nity of Science in the Arabic Tradition; Science, Logic, Epistemology and their Interactions (2010).jpg

Historia2 - Shahid Rahman, Tony Street , Hassan Tahiri - The Unity...ence, Logic, Epistemology and their Interactions 2010.jpg

This book is the first to reflect the multi-dimensional nature of the interplay between logic, science, philosophy and language in the Arabic tradition. It presents contributions from the world’s leading scholars and historians under the headings ‘Epistemology and Philosophy of Science’ and ‘Logic, Philosophy and Grammar’.

The contents exemplify the liveliness of modern perspectives on the Arabic tradition. It describes new paths for research and understanding not normally raised in the approaches to this subject. It challenges the rigid distinction between Western and Eastern thought and opens the field for a new view on the development of modern science.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Shahid Rahman, Tony Street , Hassan Tahiri - The U nity of Science in the Arabic Tradition; Science, Logic, Epistemology and their Interactions (2010).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Susan Kingsley Kent - Aftershocks; The Politics of Trauma in Britain, 1918-1931 (2009).jpg

This book examines the impact of collective trauma arising out of the Great War on the politics of the 1920s in Britain. Aftershocks studies how meanings of shellshock and imagery presenting the traumatized psyche as shattered contributed to Britons understandings of their political selves in the 1920s. It connects the force of emotions to the political culture of a decade which saw extraordinary violence against those regarded as un-English. Aftershocks argues the crucial connection between structures of feeling and political culture in Britain. Britons incorporated into their understandings of their political selves the meanings attacked to shellshock, especially the imagery that informed the view of the traumatized psyche as shattered. The political force of emotions must be appreciated if we are to grasp the political history of Britain in the 1920s, a decade whose historians have failed to come to grips with the extraordinary violence visited upon those regarded as 'un-English." Shellshocked Britons turned to certain political actions to repair the collective psyche—the passage of the Aliens' Act of 1919, the race riots of 1919; the Amritsar massacre in 1919; the reprisals against the Irish in 1919-21; the General Strike of 1926; and the debates over the bill to enfranchise women over the age of 30 in 1927 and the Igbo Women's War of 1929.

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20 gru 21 20:09

George Raudzens - Technology, Disease, and Colonia l Conquests, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries; Es says Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories (200 3).jpg

Historia2 - George Raudzens - Technology, Disease, and Colonial Co...s Essays Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories 2003.jpg

During the 1960s, scholars changed their explanation for the European conquest of the world from racial and ethnic superiority to European combat advance because of guns, and epidemic disease caused by the lack of Euroasian immunities in the New World.

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20 gru 21 20:09

George Raudzens - Technology, Disease, and Colonia l Conquests, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries; Es says Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories (200 3).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Jessica Bomarito - Gothic Literature; A Gale Criti cal Companion (2006).jpg

Gothic Literature is the fourth set in the new Gale Critical Companion Collection, the series that provides a broad contextual understanding of topics and movements in literature and the humanities. This exciting new three-volume set spans all facets of the gothic, including visual and performing arts, society and culture, themes and settings and much more. Authors covered include Margaret Atwood, Angela Carter, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Washington Irving, Stephen King, Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Bram Stoker, Oscar Wilde and many others. Complete with primary source documents and critical material to provide contextual perspective, a related chronology of key events, full-text commentaries, lists of further readings and more, this new set benefits everyone from students doing gothic research to the general gothic fiction reader.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Andrej Kotljarchuk - In the Shadows of Poland and Russia; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century (2006 ).jpg

Historia2 - Andrej Kotljarchuk - In the Shadows of Poland and Russ...n in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century 2006.jpg

This book examines and analyses the Union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden signed in 1655 at Kėdainiai and the political crisis that followed. The union was a result of strong separatist dreams among the Lithuanian-Ruthenian Protestant elite led by the Radziwiłł family, and if implemented it would radically change the balance of power in the Baltic Sea region. The main legal point of the Union was the breach of Lithuanian federation with Poland and the establishment of a federation with Sweden. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania aspired to return to international relations as a self-governing subject. The Union meant a new Scandinavian alternative to Polish and Russian domination. The author places the events in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the general crisis that occurred in Europe in the middle of the 17th century characterized by a great number of wars, rebellions and civil wars from Portugal to Ukraine, and which builds the background to the crisis for Lithuania and Sweden. The research proved the importance of lesser powers in changing the geopolitical balance between the Great Powers. The conflict over Lithuania and Belarus was the main reason for the Swedish-Russian, Polish-Russian and Ukrainian-Russian wars. The failure of the Union with Sweden was caused by both internal and external factors. Internally, various ethnic, confessional and political groups within the nobility of Lithuania were split in favour of different foreign powers – from Muscovy to Transylvania. The external cause for the failure of the Union project was the failure of Swedish strategy. Sweden concentrated its activity to Poland, not to Lithuania. After the Union, Swedish authorities treated the Grand Duchy as an invaded country, not an equal. The Swedish administration introduced heavy taxation and was unable to control the brutality of the army. As a result Sweden was defeated in both Lithuania and Poland. Among the different economic, political and religious explanations of the general crisis, the case of Lithuania shows the importance of the political conflicts. For the separatists of Lithuania the main motive to turn against Poland and to promote alliance with Sweden, Russia or the Cossacks was the inability of Poland to shield the Grand Duchy from a Russian invasion.The Lithuanian case was a provincial rebellion led by the native nobility against their monarch, based on tradition of the previous independence and statehood period. It was not nationalism in its modern meaning, but instead a crisis of identity in the form of a conflict between Patria and Central Power. However, the cost of being a part of Sweden or Muscovy was greater than the benefit of political protection. Therefore, the pro-Polish orientation prevailed when Poland after 1658 recovered its military ability the local nobility regrouped around Warsaw. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania managed to remain on the political map of Europe, but at the price of general religious Catholization and cultural Polonization. After the crisis, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania gradually changed into a deep province of the Polish state.

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20 gru 21 20:09

Andrej Kotljarchuk - In the Shadows of Poland and Russia; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century (2006 ).pdf

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20 gru 21 20:09

Osprey PL - WBH 11 - Ian Castle - Bitwa pod Auster litz 1805 (2010).jpg

Dziewiątego listopada 1805 roku lord major Londynu ogłosił Williama Pitta, premiera Wielkiej Brytanii i zaprzysięgłego wroga napoleońskiej Francji, „zbawicielem Europy". Niedawne wieści o zniszczeniu przez admirała Horatia Nelsona floty francusko-hiszpańskiej pod Trafalgarem stały się powodem do wielkiej radości. Odpowiadając na to, Pitt realistycznie zauważył: „Europa nic ma być zbawiona przez jednego człowieka. Anglia ocaliła samą siebie dzięki swoim wysiłkom i - jak ufam - ocali Europę danym przez siebie przykładem". Dwanaście tygodni później Pitt już nie żył, a armie Austrii i Rosji - dwóch wielkich mocarstw europejskich - były pokonane. Nad całym kontynentem dominował jeden tylko człowiek, a był nim Napoleon Bonapartecesarz Francuzów i król Italii.

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