juliap1996

Prezent
Ulubiony
Wiadomość

Kobieta Julia

widziany: 11.02.2026 15:58

1239
87
20822
17829

41794 plików
303,17 GB

Ukryj opis

Foldery

02 Listy do klientów - zamówienie

03 Listy do klientów - płatności

04 Listy do klientów - brak płatności

05 Listy do klientów - termin płatności

06 Listy do klientów - reklamacje dostawy

07 Listy do dostawców - zamówienie

07 Listy do dostawców - zamówienie(1)

08 Listy do dostawców - płatności

1 JONES HISTORIA USA

2 - SybirPunk vol.2

2 - SybirPunk vol.2(1)

4 - Mykoła

52 lektury szkolne plus opracowania

Academic Writing III

Akademia Pana Kleksa

Andrzej Ziemiański - Achaja TOM 2 (Audiobook PL)

Angielski

AUDIO-BOOKI

Blake Michael - Tańczący z Wilkami

books

Brett Peter V. - Malowany człowiek Księga I

Budowlane

Byla sobie rzeka - Diane Setterfield

Cykl Kroniki wampirów

Cykl Nowe kroniki wampirów

dictionaries

dictionaries PDF

Droga Szamana - D. Machanienko

Droga Szamana tom 03 Tajemnica mrocznego lasu

Droga Szamana tom 04 Zamek Widmo

Droga Szamana tom 1 Początek

Droga Szamana tom 2 Gambit Kartosa

Emma Cline - Dziewczyny czyta Magdalena Cielecka

Fanfiction

Feminizm, płeć, gender, status kobiety w świecie

Gender, feminizm

Gołkowski Michał - SybirPunk Vol.1 (A)

Goodbye Lullaby (Deluxe Edition) (320 kbps)

Happysad - Nieprzygoda [MP3 320kbps]

historia usa

J.K. Rowling

Język angielski-słownik i,encyklopedie i inne-dobre!!!

John Grisham - Bractwo

Katarzyna Bonda Balwierz (Hubert Meyer 06)

Keanu Reeves

Krantz Judith - Księżniczka Daisy

kryminały

Lackberg Camilla- Kamieniarz

Laurie Hugh - Sprzedawca broni

Lektury rozne

Louise L. Hay - Mozesz uzdrowic swoje zycie

marcin mortka ragnarok 1940 tom II

Media English

Medicine

Miszczuk Katarzyna B.- Ja, diablica

Mróz Remigiusz

Mróz Remigiusz - Operacja Mir

mróz Remigiusz - Paderborn

Nickelback - The best of

pdf

Phrasal verbs

Prywatne

Remigiusz Mróz - Chór zapomnianych głosów

Remigiusz Mróz - Echo z otchłani

Remigiusz Mróz - Langer

Robert Ludlum

Sanderson Brandon - Rozjemca

Słowniki

Techniczny Angielski

techniczny angielski podręczniki

teksty feministyczne i gender studies

The Sleeping Beauty Trilogy - Anne Rice

Tłumaczenia

Tłumaczenia literatury( Theories of the translation process)

Tłumaczenia literatury( Theories of the translation process)(1)

Tłumaczenia Praktyczne

Translation Studies

Tylko Rock

Virion tom 1 Wyrocznia

Virion tom 2 Obława

Virion tom 3 Adept

Virion tom 5 Zamek

Virion tom 6 Pustynia

Vocabulary

Wiedzmin audio

	Wiedźmin Pani Jeziora (wersja poprawiona)
	Wiedźmin Wieża Jaskółki (wersja poprawiona)

Wiśniewski Janusz L

Wzory dokumentów

zachomikowane

Ostatnio pobierane pliki

Chmielarz Wojciech - Podpalacz.pdf.zip

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.zip

21 stany zjednoczone a pierwsza wojna swiatowa.pdf

bajka-Tove Janssen - Dolina Muminków w Listopadzie - mp3.rar

Market Leader Pre-Intermediate Teachers resource book ....pdf

SybirPunk Vol.2.mp3

Virginia Evans - Matura 2015. Repetytorium. Poziom ro....pdf

Zjawa.pdf

Remigiusz Mróz - Chór zapomnianych głosów (2020) [audi....zip

English For Everyone - Grammar Guide.pdf

01 - USA(1)

Galeria

sortuj według:
nazwa
typ pliku
rozmiar
data dodania

« poprzednia strona następna strona »

136 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Pierre Lemieux - Somebody in Charge; A Solution to Recessions (2011).jpg

"Lemieux argues that the government's clumsy and ill-considered attempts to control market outcomes have often been at the heart of economic instability, and that the recent subprime crisis is a telling example of the costs of risky interventionism into the financial system. People who find that argument surprising may be even more surprised by how much their horizons will be broadened by reading this book." —Charles Calomiris, Henry Kaufman Professor of Financial Institutions, Columbia University Graduate School of Business

"Most people think that the recent financial crisis is attributable to greedy bankers and low interest rates. The scientific literature suggests otherwise. I have worked on this issue, and read much about the argument (the work of Levine or Rajan to name a few), but I never saw it so eloquently put than by Pierre Lemieux in his ''Somebody in Charge''. It is a delight to go pages after pages and see how brilliantly the author demonstrates the deep involvement of the government in the making-of of this tragedy. Any reader would benefit tremendously from this reading, opening our eyes on the possibility that ''the authorities'' is just a mental creation of our mind trying to escape the naked truth : there is no such a thing as a mechanistic, manageable, and predictable society. Society is a matter of Nature." —Christian Calmès, Professor of Economics and Finance, Université du Québec en Outaouais Administrative Science Department

"Far too many works about the recent financial crisis either turn on anecdotal personal accounts with sensationalistic and exaggerated finger pointing or are hopelessly enmeshed in highly technical financial details and economic theories. Nearly all perpetuate the widespread myth that the crisis resulted from some giant market failure. Pierre Limieux's SOMEBODY IN CHARGE systematically and convincingly demolishes that myth. In doing so, he offers not only a readable survey of the myriad government regulations, interventions, and institutions that hobbled the market economy before the crisis and brought on that calamity, but also an accessible and insightful introduction to recent financial innovations and alternative economic theories." —Jeffrey Rogers Hummel, Department of Economics, San Jose State University

zachomikowany

2,4 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

Pierre Lemieux - Somebody in Charge; A Solution to Recessions (2011).pdf

zachomikowany

72 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

New York Times Staff - Open Secrets; WikiLeaks, Wa r, and American Diplomacy (2011).jpg

The controversial anti-secrecy organization WikiLeaks made headlines around the world when it released hundreds of thousands of classified U.S. government documents in 2010. Allowed advance access, The New York Times sorted, searched, and analyzed these secret archives, placed them in context, and played a crucial role in breaking the WikiLeaks story. Open Secrets is the essential collection of the Times’s expert reporting and analysis, as well as the definitive chronicle of the documents’ release and the controversy that ensued. An introduction by Times executive editor, Bill Keller, details the paper’s cloak-and-dagger relationship with a difficult source. Extended profiles of Assange and Bradley Manning, the Army private suspected of being his source, offer keen insight into the main players. Collected news stories offer a broad and deep view into Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the messy challenges facing American power in Europe, Russia, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Also included are editorials by the Times, opinion columns by Frank Rich, Maureen Dowd, and others, and original essays on what the fracas has revealed about American diplomacy and government security. Open Secrets also contains a fascinating selection of original cables and war logs, offering an unvarnished look at diplomacy in action.

zachomikowany

5,9 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

New York Times Staff - Open Secrets; WikiLeaks, Wa r, and American Diplomacy (2011).mobi

zachomikowany

256 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Donald T. Garate - Juan Bautista De Anza; Basque E xplorer in the New World, 1693-1740 (2003).jpg

The name of Juan Bautista de Anza the younger is a fairly familiar one in the contemporary Southwest because of the various streets, schools, and other places that bear his name. Few people, however, are familiar with his father, the elder Juan Bautista de Anza, whose activities were crucial to the survival of the tenuous and far-flung settlements of Spain's northernmost colonial frontier. For this first comprehensive biography of the elder Anza, Donald T. Garate spent more than ten years researching archives in Spain and the Americas. The result is a lively, vividly drawn picture of the Spanish borderlands and the hardy, ambitious colonists who peopled them. Anza was born in the Basque Country in 1693, a poor boy in a typical Basque village. Like so many of his contemporaries, he made his way as a young man to America, where he joined many of his Basque compatriots as part of Spain's colonial establishment. After working for a few years as a miner in Sonora, he became a soldier and spent the rest of his life protecting a vast and turbulent territory covering much of present-day Sonora and Arizona, as well as parts of Chihuahua, Texas, and New Mexico, struggling to maintain order among the settlers, establish trade routes, and pacify the numerous hostile Indian peoples. Anza's career exemplifies the vital role played by Basques in the settlement of Spanish America. Upon arrival in Mexico, he became part of a vast ethnic network of Basques who were finding in the colonies the opportunities for professional and economic advancement denied them in their crowded and poverty-riddled homeland. Anza's brief but eventful career was part of this Basque contribution to the settlement of the Americas, and represented the adventurous life of an authentic frontier hero.

zachomikowany

13,6 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

Donald T. Garate - Juan Bautista De Anza; Basque E xplorer in the New World, 1693-1740 (2003).pdf

zachomikowany

138 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Richard W. Pointer - Encounters of the Spirit; Nat ive Americans and European Colonial Religion (2007 ).jpg

Historians have long been aware that the encounter with Europeans affected all aspects of Native American life. But were Indians the only ones changed by these cross-cultural meetings? Might the newcomers' ways, including their religious beliefs and practices, have also been altered amid their myriad contacts with native peoples? In Encounters of the Spirit, Richard W. Pointer takes up these intriguing questions in an innovative study of the religious encounter between Indians and Euro-Americans in early America. Exploring a series of episodes across the three centuries of the colonial era and stretching from New Spain to New France and the English settlements, he finds that the flow of cultural influence was more often reciprocal than unidirectional.

zachomikowany

6,3 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

Richard W. Pointer - Encounters of the Spirit; Nat ive Americans and European Colonial Religion (2007 ).pdf

zachomikowany

273 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Colonial Settlements in America - Larry Van Meter - Yerba Buena (2007).jpg

The plant's most common name, the same in English and Spanish, is an alternate form of the Spanish hierba buena (meaning "good herb"). The name was bestowed by pioneer Catholic priests of Alta California as they settled an area where the plant is native. It was so abundant there that its name was also applied to the settler's town adjacent to Mission San Francisco de Asís. In 1846, the town of Yerba Buena was seized by the United States during the Mexican-American War, and its name was changed in 1847 to San Francisco, after a nearby mission. Three years later, the name was applied to a nearby rocky island; today millions of commuters drive through the tunnel on Yerba Buena Island that connects the spans of the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge.

zachomikowany

2,8 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

Colonial Settlements in America - Larry Van Meter - Yerba Buena (2007).pdf

zachomikowany

259 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Colonial Settlements in America - Shane Mountjoy - St. Augustine (2007).jpg

Florida

Founded in 1565, St. Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied settlement of European and African-American origin in the United States. Forty-two years before the English colonized Jamestown and fifty-five years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, the Spanish established at St. Augustine this nation's first enduring settlement.

zachomikowany

2,0 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

Colonial Settlements in America - Shane Mountjoy - St. Augustine (2007).pdf

zachomikowany

186 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Colonial Settlements in America - Tim McNeese - Pl ymouth (2007).jpg

In 1607 about one hundred settlers sent by the Virginia Company arrived at Jamestown, the first permanent British settlement. It later grew into the Virginia colony. The English merchants who organized the Jamestown colonists expected prosperity or wealth from the venture. They were particularly interested in sources of gold. Not finding great fortune and treasures, the colonists began growing tobacco by 1612 for shipment back to England. Tobacco provided a steady economic base for the young settlement. In 1619 the colonists formed their first representative legislature (body of persons authorized to make and change laws) called the House of Burgesses.

Another settlement occurred in 1620 when the Puritans, English Protestants who opposed the Church of England, traveled across the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower. They landed in New England and established the Plymouth settlement. Also known as Pilgrims, they came to America seeking religious freedom rather than economic gain. Before leaving the ship, the Pilgrims created the Mayflower Compact, an agreement to provide "just and equal laws" in their settlement. They agreed to abide by rules for the general good of all.

zachomikowany

1,3 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

Colonial Settlements in America - Tim McNeese - Pl ymouth (2007).pdf

zachomikowany

427 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

United States Army in World War II - Robert Ross S mith - The Approach to the Philippines (1996).jpg

The Approach to the Philippines deals principally with lesser known bUt highly interesting amphibious and ground operations along the New Guinea coast during 1944 and also relates the Army's part in the conquest of the southern Palau Islands.

zachomikowany

27,2 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

United States Army in World War II - Robert Ross S mith - The Approach to the Philippines (1996).pdf

zachomikowany

15 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Jeff Rubin - Why Your World Is About to Get a Whol e Lot Smaller; Oil and the End of Globalization (2 009).jpg

An internationally renowned energy expert has written a book essential for every American–a galvanizing account of how the rising price and diminishing availability of oil are going to radically change our lives. Why Your World Is About to Get a Whole Lot Smaller is a powerful and provocative book that explores what the new global economy will look like and what it will mean for all of us.
In a compelling and accessible style, Jeff Rubin reveals that despite the recent recessionary dip, oil prices will skyrocket again once the economy recovers. The fact is, worldwide oil reserves are disappearing for good. Consequently, the amount of food and other goods we get from abroad will be curtailed; long-distance driving will become a luxury and international travel rare. Globalization as we know it will reverse. The near future will be a time that, in its physical limits, may resemble the distant past.
But Why Your World Is About to Get a Whole Lot Smaller is a hopeful work about how we can benefit–personally, politically, and economically–from this new reality. American industries such as steel and agriculture, for instance, will be revitalized. As well, Rubin prescribes priorities for President Obama and other leaders, from imposing carbon tariffs that will increase competition and productivity, to investing in mass transit instead of car-clogged highways, to forging “green” alliances between labor and management that will be good for both business and the air we breathe.
Most passionately, Rubin recommends ways every citizen can secure this better life for himself, actions that will end our enslavement to chain-store taste and strengthen our communities and timeless human values.

zachomikowany

170 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Kerry L. Haynie - African American Legislators in the American States (2001).jpg

Has black inclusion in the political process changed political institutions and led to more black influence in the governmental process? How do African American legislators balance racial interests with broader issues of government? And how is their effectiveness subjectively perceived and objectively evaluated? In one of the first book-length studies to analyze the behavior of African American state legislators in multiple legislative sessions across five states, Kerry Haynie has compiled a wealth of valuable data that reveals the dynamics and effectiveness of black participation in the legislative process. Owing to the increasing role of state government in administering what he defines as key "black issues" - education, healthcare, poverty/social welfare, civil rights, and children´s issues -Haynie focuses on bills introduced in these categories in Arkansas, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, and North Carolina. The book reveals how responsive political institutions have been to the nation´s largest minority group. It explores the question of how legislators deal with the "duality dilemma" -which requires them to be both responsible legislators and race representatives -and whether agendas should be "deracialized" in order to appeal to a broader constituency. Along with numerous statistical charts illustrating everything from representation on house standing committees to a ranking of the fifteen legislative sessions by quartiles of African American political incorporation, a useful and revealing portrait emerges -one that will fuel debate and inform future discussions of the role of African Americans in the political process.

zachomikowany

156 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

James D. Schmidt - Industrial Violence and the Leg al Origins of Child Labor (2010).jpg

Industrial Violence and the Legal Origins of Child Labor challenges existing understandings of child labor by tracing how law altered the meanings of work for young people in the United States between the Revolution and the Great Depression. Rather than locating these shifts in statutory reform or economic development, it finds the origin in litigations that occurred in the wake of industrial accidents incurred by young workers. Drawing on archival case records from the Appalachian South between the 1880s and the 1920s, the book argues that young workers and their families envisioned an industrial childhood that rested on negotiating safe workplaces, a vision at odds with child labor reform. Local court battles over industrial violence confronted working people with a legal language of childhood incapacity and slowly moved them to accept the lexicon of child labor. In this way, the law fashioned the broad social relations of modern industrial childhood.

zachomikowany

13,5 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

James D. Schmidt - Industrial Violence and the Leg al Origins of Child Labor (2010).pdf

zachomikowany

43 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Stephen E. Ambrose - Band of Brothers; E Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hi tler's Eagle's Nest (2001).jpg

01 - USA1 - Stephen E. Ambrose - Band of Brothers E Company, 506th...1st Airborne from Normandy to Hitlers Eagles Nest 2001.jpg

Ambrose ( Pegasus Bridge ) narrates in vivid detail the adventures, misadventures, triumphs and tragedies of a single U.S. Army infantry company over its span of organizational life. Formed in July 1944 and deactivated in November 1945, E Company was one of the most successful light infantry units in the European theater. Its troops saw their first action on D-Day behind the Normandy beachhead, took part in Operation Market Garden in Holland, held the perimeter around Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge, and were the first to reach Hitler's Bavarian outpost at Berchtesgaden. The book is enlivened with pertinent comments by veterans of "Easy Company," who recall not only the combat action but their relations with their officers (one company commander was a petty tyrant of the worst type, but his oppressive ways had much to do with the unit's impressive esprit de corps ) and their impressions of the countries through which they campaigned (hated the French, loved the Germans). This is a terrific read for WW II actions buffs.

zachomikowany

33 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Theodore Roosevelt - Rough Riders; An Autobiograph y (2009).jpg

Upon the 1898 Declaration of War launching the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt resigned from the Navy Department. With the aid of U.S. Army Colonel Leonard Wood, Roosevelt found volunteers from cowboys from the Western territories to Ivy League friends from New York, forming the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. The newspapers called them the "Rough Riders."
This is the first person account by the regiment's commander and future President of the United States, Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt.

zachomikowany

155 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Theodore Roosevelt - Rough Riders; An Autobiograph y (2009).epub

zachomikowany

45 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Stephen Nissenbaum - The Battle for Christmas (199 7).jpeg

Christmas in America hasn't always been the benevolent, family-centered holiday we idealize. The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony so feared the day's association with pagan winter solstice revels, replete with public drunkenness, licentiousness and violence, that they banned Christmas celebrations. In this ever-surprising work, Nissenbaum (Sex, Diet, and Debility in Jacksonian America), a professor of history at the University of Massachusetts, conducts a vivid historical tour of the holiday's social evolution. Nissenbaum maintains that not until the 1820s in New York City, among the mercantile Episcopalian Knickerbockers, was Christmas as we know it celebrated. Before Washington Irving and Clement Clarke Moore ("A Visit from St. Nicholas") popularized the genteel version, he explains, the holiday was more of a raucous festival and included demands for tribute from the wealthy by roaming bands of lower-class extortionists. Peppering his insights with analysis of period literature, art and journalism, Nissenbaum constructs his theory. Taming Christmas, he contends, was a way to contain the chaos of social dislocation in a developing consumer-capitalist culture. Later, under the influence of Unitarian writers, the Christmas season became a living object lesson in familial stability and charity, centering on the ideals of bourgeois childhood. From colonial New England, through 18th- and 19th-century New York's and Philadelphia's urban Yuletide contributions, to Christmas traditions in the antebellum South, Nissenbaum's excursion is fascinating, and will startle even those who thought they knew all there was to know about Christmas.

zachomikowany

6,4 MB
5 mar 19 8:31

Stephen Nissenbaum - The Battle for Christmas (199 7).epub

zachomikowany

143 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Jessica Amason, Richard Blakeley - This Is Why You 're Fat; Where Dreams Become Heart Attacks (2009).jpg

Food was once the providence of celebrated chefs and critical connoisseurs. Cooking shows featured all gourmet creations and web sites displayed artfully photographed delights.
Then something changed.
Perhaps it was the desensitizing of web culture or perhaps it was a cry for help from the food-loving public. But by God - there came a day when fancy vegetable towers came crashing down and $50 mushrooms were no longer acceptable. Amason and Blakley wanted see the old stand-bys, the carnival foods of their childhoods, the sticky mess of a deep-fried candy bar, the indulgence of a greasy burger with all the fixins.
It was the birth of the nasty food web-trend. And it was delicious.
The website This is Why You′re Fat is an ode to this trend - whether seen as a commentary on North American dietary habits or a celebration of the deliciously bad - Amason and Blakey are devoted to the world′s newfound obsession with over-the-top food. Within its first month the site pulled in over ten million eye balls, and attracted major nation media including CNN. The world cooked, they listened.

zachomikowany

148 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Jeffrey Ayres, Laura MacDonald - Contentious Polit ics in North America; National Protest and Transna tional Collaboration under Continental Integration (2009).jpg

01 - USA1 - Jeffrey Ayres, Laura MacDonald - Contentious Politics ...onal Collaboration under Continental Integration 2009.jpg

This is the only book of its kind devoted to exploring contentious politics from a North American perspective including protests, social movements, transnational contention, and emergent regional governance processes between Canadian, U.S. and Mexican state and civil society actors.

zachomikowany

105 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Daniel Domscheit-Berg - Inside WikiLeaks; My Time with Julian Assange at the World's Most Dangerous Website (2011).jpg

01 - USA1 - Daniel Domscheit-Berg - Inside WikiLeaks My Time with ...ian Assange at the Worlds Most Dangerous Website 2011.jpg

Former WikiLeaks Insider and Spokesman Daniel Domscheit-Berg Authors an Exposé of the “World’s Most Dangerous Website”

In an eye-opening account, Daniel Domscheit-Berg, the former spokesman of WikiLeaks, reveals never-disclosed details about the inner workings of the increasingly controversial organization that has struck fear into governments and business organizations worldwide and prompted the Pentagon to convene a 120-man task force. In addition to Germany and the U.S., Inside WikiLeaks will be published simultaneously in 12 other countries.

Under the pseudonym Daniel Schmitt, Domscheit-Berg was the effective No. 2 at WikiLeaks and the organization’s most public face, after Julian Assange. In this book, he reveals the evolution, finances, and inner tensions of the whistleblower organization, beginning with his first meeting with Assange in December 2007. He also describes what led to his September 2010 withdrawal from WikiLeaks, including his disenchantment with the organization’s lack of transparency, its abandonment of political neutrality, and Assange’s increasing concentration of power. What has been made public so far about WikiLeaks is only a small fraction of the truth. With Domscheit-Berg’s insider knowledge, he is uniquely able to tell the full story. A computer scientist who worked in IT security prior to devoting himself full-time to WikiLeaks, he remains committed to freedom of information on the Internet. Today he is working on a more transparent secret-sharing website called OpenLeaks, developed by former WikiLeaks people, to be launched in early 2011.

About the Author
DANIEL DOMSCHEIT-BERG, under the pseudonym Daniel Schmitt, was the
effective No. 2 at Wikileaks and the organization's spokesman and most public
face after Julian Assange. A computer scientist who worked primarily in IT security for several multinational companies prior to devoting himself full-time to Wikileaks, he remains committed to freedom of information and transparency on the internet.
He is currently working on a more transparent secret-sharing website called
OpenLeaks, developed by former WikiLeaks people, to be launched in 2011.

zachomikowany

17 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Steve Coll - Ghost Wars; The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (2004).jpg

01 - USA1 - Steve Coll - Ghost Wars The Secret History of the CIA,..., from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 2004.jpg

Steve Coll's Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 offers revealing details of the CIA's involvement in the evolution of the Taliban and Al Qaeda in the years before the September 11 attacks. From the beginning, Coll shows how the CIA's on-again, off-again engagement with Afghanistan after the end of the Soviet war left officials at Langley with inadequate resources and intelligence to appreciate the emerging power of the Taliban. He also demonstrates how Afghanistan became a deadly playing field for international politics where Soviet, Pakistani, and U.S. agents armed and trained a succession of warring factions. At the same time, the book, though opinionated, is not solely a critique of the agency. Coll balances accounts of CIA failures with the success stories, like the capture of Mir Amal Kasi. Coll, managing editor for the Washington Post, covered Afghanistan from 1989 to 1992. He demonstrates unprecedented access to records of White House meetings and to formerly classified material, and his command of Saudi, Pakistani, and Afghani politics is impressive. He also provides a seeming insider's perspective on personalities like George Tenet, William Casey, and anti-terrorism czar, Richard Clarke ("who seemed to wield enormous power precisely because hardly anyone knew who he was or what exactly he did for a living"). Coll manages to weave his research into a narrative that sometimes has the feel of a Tom Clancy novel yet never crosses into excess. While comprehensive, Coll's book may be hard going for those looking for a direct account of the events leading to the 9-11 attacks. The CIA's 1998 engagement with bin Laden as a target for capture begins a full two-thirds of the way into Ghost Wars, only after a lengthy march through developments during the Carter, Reagan, and early Clinton Presidencies. But this is not a critique of Coll's efforts; just a warning that some stamina is required to keep up. Ghost Wars is a complex study of intelligence operations and an invaluable resource for those seeking a nuanced understanding of how a small band of extremists rose to inflict incalculable damage on American soil.

zachomikowany

34 KB
5 mar 19 8:31

Jon T. Hoffman - A History of Innovation; U.S. Arm y Adaptation in War and Peace (2009).jpg

Armies rely so much on past experiences to validate current practices that they are often regarded as inherently conservative organizations, resistant to meaningful change and innovation. Armed with doctrines and traditions developed over decades and even centuries to guide and sustain soldiers in combat, they have been understandably hesitant to adopt new, unproven methods of war without conducting extraordinarily time-consuming and detailed tests and reviews. Yet armies have often stood at the cutting edge of technological, organizational, and methodological change, for in the violent competition that marks their trade, survival has often gone to the smartest and most innovative force rather than to the largest or best armed one. Thus, however risky, innovation has over the ages, become the hallmark of successful military establishments. In the United States, the U.S. Army has a long history of innovation, from the exploits of the Lewis and Clark Expedition at the beginning of the nineteenth century to the medical and engineering advances associated with the construction of the Panama Canal begun at its end. But this particular collection of essays in A History of Innovation: U.S. Army Adaptation in War and Peace speaks to the purely military initiatives in weapons, tactics, organization, training, and other areas that directly impacted battlefield performance in the twentieth century. While many were successful, some were premature and others even failures, quickly abandoned or significantly modified after undergoing the test of combat. How Army leaders approached these innovations—how they sought to manage change—are stories well worth the telling since even those enterprises that proved problematic imparted their own lessons learned. This work then begins the important task of identifying those factors that encourage a culture of change and innovation—and those that militate against it. How much is due to institutional flexibility and how much to personal leadership are only some of the factors examined. By describing and analyzing the Army’s experiences in past innovations, these historical essays can assist today’s military leaders to become better thinkers and better innovators, making the past a servant of the future.

zachomikowany

« poprzednia strona następna strona »