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widziany: 10.09.2011 15:51

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  • 19 sie 11 17:40
In the wake of the Great Depression, two wars, and at the dawn of the cold war, President Dwight D. Eisenhower viewed a 'national road' system as vital to the nation's interest on several counts: defense, commerce, safety, and unity. The Interstate Highway Act of 1956 created the vast network of superhighways, beltlines, and spurs of the modern-day highway system. More than 40,000 miles bound the 50 states together as an interconnected whole. The Interstate Highway System is an enduring marvel of conception, design, and construction. The undertaking became the largest public works program in American history, and its creation showcased the can-do American spirit of ambition, intelligence, and know-how.

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New York City's Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States, with more than 25 million visitors each year. Designed in 1857 by the man who would become America's most famous landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmsted, and his partner, Calvert Vaux, Central Park was intended to provide New Yorkers with a serene and scenic 'rural' refuge from the noise and bustle of city life. Yet transforming the rocky, swampy park site into the rolling meadows, lush woodlands, and pristine lakes would prove an extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive endeavor. Thousands of workers drained marshes, blasted away boulders, and planted a quarter billion trees, flowers, and shrubs to create the 843-acre green oasis envisioned by Olmsted and Vaux in the heart of Manhattan.

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In early 1942, the first of more than 18,000 U.S. military and civilian workers and countless tons of equipment were shipped across Canada and Alaska to one of the most inhospitable regions in the world. Their mission is to build a 1,500-mile-long highway through the Canadian and Alaskan wildernesses to link remote Fairbanks, Alaska, with the existing U.S. Highway System. Started three months after the devastating Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, a good highway was needed to access America's northernmost territory should Alaska require extra defense in the event of a Japanese attack via the Aleutian Islands. Work crews had a mere eight months to complete this task, the largest and most complex construction project since the building of the Panama Canal almost 40 years earlier.

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It was to be a structure like no other - the largest and tallest skyscraper in the world. Initial plans for the Empire State Building called for an Art Deco masterwork to rise 1,000 feet, with 80 stories of rental space. The high-rise was to completely fill the 84,000-square-foot site of the former Waldorf-Astoria, then New York's most opulent hotel. The Empire State Building would, hopefully, accelerate Midtown's stride toward commercial prominence, pulling more business uptown. Built in the early years of the Great Depression, during which one out of four New Yorkers was out of work, the Empire State Building's construction was thought by many to be a foolish undertaking. Yet, it was completed under budget and ahead of schedule, and the new commercial colossus would stand to see a new day dawning - for New York, for America, and for the world.

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Powered by a driving beat, clever lyrics, and assertive attitudes, rap music and hip hop culture have engrossed American youth since the mid-1980s. Although the first rappers were African Americans, rap and hip hop culture quickly spread to other ethnic groups who have added their own cultural elements to the music. Chicano Rap offers the first in-depth look at how Chicano/a youth have adopted and adapted rap music and hip hop culture to express their views on gender and violence, as well as on how Chicano/a youth fit into a globalizing world.

Pancho McFarland examines over five hundred songs and seventy rap artists from all the major Chicano rap regions—San Diego, San Francisco and Northern California, Texas, and Chicago and the Midwest. He discusses the cultural, political, historical, and economic contexts in which Chicano rap has emerged and how these have shaped the violence and misogyny often expressed in Chicano rap and hip hop. In particular, he argues that the misogyny and violence of Chicano rap are direct outcomes of the "patriarchal dominance paradigm" that governs human relations in the United States. McFarland also explains how globalization, economic restructuring, and the conservative shift in national politics have affected Chicano/a youth and Chicano rap. He concludes with a look at how Xicana feminists, some Chicano rappers, and other cultural workers are striving to reach Chicano/a youth with a democratic, peaceful, empowering, and liberating message.

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A coherent and informative insider's view of a half century of Sino-American relations.... Veteran China watchers will enjoy the stories of people who for many were old friends, and those new to the field will enjoy a wonderful introduction to an insider's view of an important era of diplomatic history.

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Traces the origins of Black body politics in the United States and its contemporary manifestations in hip-hop music and film.

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In 1938, at the age of 37, Enrico Fermi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. That same year he emigrated from Italy to the United States and, in the course of his experiments, discovered nuclear fissiona process which forms the basis of nuclear power and atomic bombs. Soon the brilliant physicist was involved in the top secret race to produce the deadliest weapon on Earth. He created the first self-sustaining chain reaction, devised new methods for purifying plutonium, and eventually participated in the first atomic test. This compelling biography traces Fermis education in Italy, his meteoric career in the scientific world, his escape from fascism to America, and the ingenious experiments he devised and conducted at the University of Rome, Columbia University, and the Los Alamos laboratory. The book also presents a mini-course in quantum and nuclear physics in an accessible, fast-paced narrative that invokes all the dizzying passion of Fermis brilliant discoveries.

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It is a subject as old as civil society, yet one that still fuels debate. Now the many and varied aspects of that subject are brought together in the four-volume Crime and Punishment around the World. This unprecedented work provides descriptions of crimes—and the justice systems that define and punish them—in more than 200 nations, principalities, and dependencies.

Each chapter examines the historical, political, and cultural background, as well as the basic organization of the subject state's legal and criminal justice system. It also reports on the types and levels of crime, the processes leading to the finding of guilt, the rights of the accused, alternatives to going to trial, how suspects are prosecuted for their crimes, and the techniques and conditions of typical punishments employed. Comprising a study that is at once extraordinarily comprehensive and minutely detailed, the essays collected here showcase the variety and the universality of crime and punishment the world over.

The second volume of Crime and Punishment around the World encompasses North, Central, and South America, as well as the Caribbean islands. The Navajo Nation of the United States is also included in this volume. With respect to crime and punishment, the Americas are often categorized as having both high violent crime rates and high imprisonment rates. Although the maps in this volume show that these assessments are somewhat accurate, the range of the physical sizes of these countries obscures some of the diversity in crime and punishment patterns.

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Now in a full-color second edition, Not Just a Pretty Face is an engaging exploration of the role of dolls and doll making in Alaska Native cultures. From ancient ivory carvings to the thriving tourist market, dolls and human figurines have played integral parts in the ritual, economic, and social lives of Native Alaskans. Dolls served as children’s playthings, represented absent community members at ceremonies, and predicted the movements of game animals for shamans. Not Just a Pretty Face surveys these and other uses of dolls and figurines, illustrating in beautiful color photographs the diversity of the doll-making tradition in Eskimo, Athabaskan, and Northwest Coast Native communities.

Authors explore the ethnographic literature, twentieth-century oral histories, and photographic documentation of dolls and the doll-making process. Contemporary doll makers explain, in their own words, how they learned to make dolls and what doll making means to them. The second edition features a photo essay on Rosalie Paniyak of Chevak, one of the most influential doll makers in Alaska today.

Not Just a Pretty Face provides a panoramic view of an ancient tradition and situates the art of doll making within a contemporary context. Scholarly, yet accessible, Not Just a Pretty Face is a lively contribution to the literature on dolls, anthropology, and Native studies.

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Od pierwszych chwil istnienia Siły Specjalne Armii USA (US Special Force - SF) wzbudzały kontrowersje, ich zadania nie zawsze były rozumiane, a samo istnienie niekiedy spotykało się ze sprzeciwem części kierownictwa Armii USA. Tajność jest nierozerwalnie związana z charakterem Sił Specjalnych, a żołnierz SF z natury rzeczy zachowuje dla siebie uzyskane w czasie służby informacje, Z tych też względów niewiele napisano na ten temat - wyjątek stanowią pamiętniki, no i oczywiście fantastyka.

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Harry B. Smith was the most prolific writer of librettos for the American musical theatre in history with nearly half of his 300 works actually opening in New York City. In addition, Smith was instrumental in adapting and popularizing foreign musicals in America, enabling a significant influence of writing and composing styles on American shows. He worked with every major composer in American between 1880 and 1920, and consequently this examination of his work and process is highly instructive of the history of the American musical.

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Ivory Towers and Nationalist Minds traces the rise of the great American universities through their formative years, 1862-1920, examining the role of these schools and their leadership in shaping American politics and public policy. Nemec's provocative study demonstrates that universities provided the intellectual and institutional apparatus needed to legitimize federal authority. His work challenges existing scholarship by documenting how the influx of academic expertise into the developing American state was fostered by campus entrepreneurs seeking to establish the social relevance of their institutions, rather than by the state itself.

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Augusta Rohrbach broadens our understanding of the American literary tradition by showing how African American literature and culture greatly influenced the development of realism. Rohrbach traces the influences of the slave narratives-such as the use of authenticating details, as well as dialect, and a frank treatment of the human body-in writings by Howells, Wharton, and others, and explores questions about the shifting relationship between literature and culture in the US from 1830-1930. Beginning with the question, "How might slave narratives-heralded as the first indigenous literature by Theodore Parker-have influenced the development of American Literature?" Rohrbach develops connections between an emerging literary marketplace, the rise of the professional writer, and literary realism.

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This title offers a first-person diary account of living through the Great Depression, with haunting parallels to our own time. Benjamin Roth was born in New York City in 1894. When the stock market crashed in 1929, he had been practicing law for approximately ten years, largely representing local businesses. After nearly two years, he began to grasp the magnitude of what had happened to American economic life, and he began writing down his impressions in a diary that he maintained intermittently until he died in 1978. Roth's words from that unique time seem to speak directly to readers today. His perceptions and experiences have a chilling similarity to our own era. Like many of us, Roth struggles both to understand and to educate himself about what was going on around him. He is sceptical of big government, yet ultimately won over by FDR's New Deal. This collection of his diary entries, edited by James Ledbetter, editor of Slate's "The Big Money," reveals another side of the Great Depression - one lived through by ordinary, middle-class folks, who on a daily basis grappled with a swiftly changing economy coupled with anxiety about the unknown future. It is highly topical - and timely. The greatest financial disaster since the Great Depression has many Americans wondering what things were like as the Great Depression unfolded and people did not yet know how or when it would end. It is clear-eyed, readable - and eerily familiar. In short, concise, and thoughtful entries, Roth chronicles the most telling moments of the Great Depression, from the drop in the price of movie tickets to Hoover's failed free-market solutions to the rise in foreclosures in his hometown and how to benefit from 'bargains' at the much-diminished stock exchange. It is published one-year after the bankruptcy of Lehman Bros sent the world markets on a deep downward slide, and around the 80th anniversary of 'Black Tuesday'. It is presented in a beautiful package - endpapers using original diary entries, period photos throughout, and gorgeous interior design.

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Kent Roberts Greenfield was the Chief Historian of the Department of the Army from 1946 to 1958 and led the preparation of the Green Series official histories. This little volume is based on lectures at Memphis State University and is an excellent discussion of high-level decisions by the United States in World War II. Eight strategic decisions are identified:
1) overriding aim is the complete defeat of the enemies
2) Germany was the Number One enemy
3) decision in July 1942 to invade North Africa
4) decision to give the bomber offensive a major claim on resources in 1943
5) decision to take swift advantage of the victory at Midway in June 1942 and go on the offensive in the Pacific
6) Quebec Conference decision in August 1943 to let Nimitz launch an offensive in the Central Pacific in 1944, simultaneously with MacArthur's drive to the Philippines
7) Allied agreement on a power-drive of combined arms across the English Channel
8) decision to build an invasion of the Japanese homeland into the Allied strategy to insure the defeat of Japan

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yooghurt26

yooghurt26 napisano 4.06.2012 11:51

zgłoś do usunięcia

Musisz się zalogować by móc dodawać nowe wiadomości do tego Chomika.

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin
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