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298 KB
9 lis 20 15:15

Roger French - Ancient natural history (1994).jpg

"Ancient Natural History" surveys the ways in which people in the ancient world thought about nature, particularly animals and plants. It looks at those people whose wider views are known, so that we can see their natural history in context. As a large number of readers are aware of the importance of Greek "science" in later periods of European history, this book is designed to show how such doctrines arose in ancient society.
Ancient natural history was the gathering and presentation of "historiae," items worthy of note by the philosopher, popularizer or marvel-monger. These "histories" were natural because they were part of the physical world. The book examines the relationship between the physical world, the gods, Greek philosophy and the purposes of those who expressed such different notions about "nature." Attention is given to Aristotle's animals and Theophrastus's plants.
"Histories" worthy of note most often came from distant places, and Strabo's geography is taken as illustrative of the principles of the book. Pliny's "Natural History" is examined in some detail. A major theme of the book is how natural history was treated differently by different societies: the Greeks, the Romans, Jews and Christians.

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3,5 MB
9 lis 20 15:15

Roger French - Ancient natural history (1994).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

David Irving - Churchill's War Vol. 1, The Struggl e for Power (2003).jpg

David Irving presents a wealth of hitherto suppressed information that shows a shockingly unfamilar potrait of the great statesman, Churchill. Readers will discover a power-hungry leader who prolonged the war to advance his own career. This is a fascinating, exhaustive investigation of Churchill's intrigues and deceptions before and during WWII. This is a savage debunking of Churchill by the world's most popular revisionist historian and author.

About the Author
A professional historian of noted distinction, David Irving has researched and written about World War II with passionate insight for many years. His first book, "The Destruction of Dresden," was just one of several startling international bestsellers, which include "Hitler's War" and "Goebbels, Mastermind of the Third Reich."
Product Details

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9 lis 20 15:15

David Irving - Churchill's War Vol. 2, Triumph in Adversity (2001).jpg

Using diaries and official and unofficial records never published before, this second volume of 'Churchill's War' takes a close-quarters look at the middle years of the Second World War. Volume I chronicled a chain of disasters through the fall of France to the debacle in Greece; this second volume chronicles great naval victories, El Alamein and the landings in North Africa.

The book contract was signed with a London publisher in 1972. Volume I (publ. 1987) attracted critical acclaim, sold 20,000 copies, and was widely translated. Major publishers in the UK and USA issued editions. Volume II appears 14 years later after an uneasy birth. During the 30 years of its writing the world has turned; the halls of historical research now tremble to the tread of political correctness. This work's author finds himself no longer the celebrated subject of reviewers. Major publishers who still aspire to print his works come under assault from international bodies. In July 1992 - even as he was returning from the KGB archives in Moscow with the secret Goebbels Diaries - the directors of Macmillan Ltd. were being forced to the secret decision to burn all stocks of his remaining works.

This work benefits however from the release of thousands of secret files. At the author's request both the John Major and Tony Blair governments opened files previously sealed: thus we know more about Anthony Eden's role in the murder of Admiral Darlan.

The human side of Winston Churchill reaches boldly out of these pages - lively, incorrigible, and sometimes callous; hectoring his ministers, but meek and subservient to Moscow and Washington. The picture of him that emerges in Real History is sometimes unpalatable - willingly fomenting and prolonging the war against Hitler, not in pursuit of any fundamental British interest but to acquire, consolidate, and enjoy power and its fruits after years spent in the political wilderness and relative poverty; he appears undismayed by the ruin of the British empire. In two appendices Mr. Irving reveals that Roosevelt and Churchill maintained top secret communications channels to exchange messages that are still not released to the public. Hardbound, 40 pages of black and white and color plates, 1072 pages.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Paul Hohenberg, Lynn Lees - The Making of Urban Eu rope, 1000-1994 (1995).jpg

Europe became a land of cities during the last millennium. The story told in this book begins with North Sea and Mediterranean traders sailing away from Dorestad and Amalfi, and with warrior kings building castles to fortify their conquests. It tells of the dynamism of textile towns in Flanders and Ireland. While London and Hamburg flourished by reaching out to the world and once vibrant Spanish cities slid into somnlence, a Russian urban network slowly grew to rival that of the West. Later as the tide of industrialization swept over Europe, the most intense urban striving and then settled back into the merchant cities and baroque capitals of an earlier era.
By tracing the large-scale precesses of social, economic, and political change within cities, as well as the evolving relationships between town and country and between city and city, the authors present an original synthsis of European urbanization within a global context. They divide their study into three time periods, making the early modern era much more than a mere transition from preindustrial to industrial economies. Through both general analyzes and incisive case studies, Hohenberg and Lees show how cities originated and what conditioned their early development and later growth. How did urban activity respond to demographic and techological changes? Did the social consequences of urban life begin degradation or inspire integration and cultural renewal? New analytical tools suggested by a systems view of urban relations yield a vivid dual picture of cities both as elements in a regional and national heirarchy of central places and also as junctions in a transnational network for the exchange of goods, information, and influence.
A lucid text is supplemented by numerous maps, illustrations, figures, and tables, and by substantial bibliography. Both a general and a scholarly audience will find this book engrossing reading.

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23,1 MB
9 lis 20 15:15

Paul Hohenberg, Lynn Lees - The Making of Urban Eu rope, 1000-1994 (1995).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

Bashford Dean - Helmets and Body Armor in Modern W arfare (1920).jpg

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9 lis 20 15:15

Bashford Dean - Helmets and Body Armor in Modern W arfare (1920).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

Jeffrey Szuchman - Nomads, Tribes, and the State i n the Ancient Near East (2009).jpg

For decades, scholars have struggled to understand the complex relationship between pastoral nomadic tribes and sedentary peoples of the Near East. The Oriental Institute's fourth annual post-doc seminar (March 7-8, 2008), Nomads, Tribes, and the State in the Ancient Near East, brought together archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to discuss new approaches to enduring questions in the study of nomadic peoples, tribes, and states of the past: What social or political bonds link tribes and states? Could nomadic tribes exhibit elements of urbanism or social hierarchies? How can the tools of historical, archaeological, and ethnographic research be integrated to build a dynamic picture of the social landscape of the Near East? This volume presents a range of data and theoretical perspectives from a variety of regions and periods, including prehistoric Iran, ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, seventh-century Arabia, and nineteenth-century Jordan.

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6,3 MB
9 lis 20 15:15

Jeffrey Szuchman - Nomads, Tribes, and the State i n the Ancient Near East (2009).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

Margaret Schaus - Women and Gender in Medieval Eur ope, An Encyclopedia (2006).jpg

From women's medicine and the writings of Christine de Pizan to the lives of market and tradeswomen and the idealization of virginity, gender and social status dictated all aspects of women's lives during the middle ages.

A cross-disciplinary resource, Women and Gender in Medieval Europe examines the daily reality of medieval women from all walks of life in Europe between 450 CE and 1500 CE, i.e., from the fall of the Roman Empire to the discovery of the Americas. Moving beyond biographies of famous noble women of the middles ages, the scope of this important reference work is vast and provides a comprehensive understanding of medieval women's lives and experiences. Masculinity in the middle ages is also addressed to provide important context for understanding women's roles. Entries that range from 250 words to 4,500 words in length thoroughly explore topics in the following areas:

· · Art and Architecture
· Countries, Realms, and Regions
· Daily Life
· Documentary Sources
· Economics
· Education and Learning
· Gender and Sexuality
· Historiography
· Law
· Literature
· Medicine and Science
· Music and Dance
· Persons
· Philosophy
· Politics
· Political Figures
· Religion and Theology
· Religious Figures
· Social Organization and Status

Written by renowned international scholars, Women and Gender in Medieval Europe is the latest in the Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages. Easily accessible in an A-to-Z format, students, researchers, and scholars will find this outstanding reference work to be an invaluable resource on women in Medieval Europe.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Michael Frassetto - Encyclopedia of Barbarian Euro pe, Society in Transformation (2003).jpg

In this encyclopedia, the phrase barbarian Europe is used in place of what was once designated the Dark Ages. Current research, reflected in abundance in this work, shows that the latter term was an erroneous euphemism--rather, the period of European history that roughly begins with the fall of the western Roman Empire and ends with the fall of the Carolingians should be seen as one of transition, when the seeds of the modern nation-state were sown.

In more than 200 entries, Frassetto, a medieval scholar, delves into the research that places barbarian Europe in this new context. From the standard references such as Charlemagne and the Battle of Poitiers to the less familiar (but no less important) Judith (mother of Charles the Bald) and Witenagemot (general council of the Anglo-Saxon kings), this work addresses the idea of transition in an informative, easy-to-read manner. There is a special focus on the roles played by women and on the social and cultural context of this period. For example, there are entries for Education and learning and Family.

The work opens with an essay on the historiography of the time period showing how current scholarship has encouraged the new perspective. This is followed by a historical overview of the years under consideration. A detailed chronology takes the reader from 305 C.E. (the retirement of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian) to 1,000 C.E. (the writing of Beowulf). Each entry is cross-referenced and has a list of further readings. A worthy bibliography also draws out some of the themes of the work.

This is an excellent addition to reference collections. Although some of the same topics are covered in reference sources on the Middle Ages, this is the only volume that focuses entirely on the barbarian period. It is recommended for public and academic libraries.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Michael Frassetto - Encyclopedia of Barbarian Euro pe, Society in Transformation (2003).chm

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9 lis 20 15:15

P. Crabtree - Medieval Archaeology, An Encyclopedi a (2000).jpg

This is the first reference work to cover the archaeology of medieval Europe. No other reference can claim such comprehensive coverage -- from Ireland to Russia and from Scandinavia to Italy, the archaeology of the entirety of medieval Europe is discussed.
With coverage ranging from the fall of the western Roman empire in the 5th century CE through the end of the high Middle Ages in 1500 CE, Medieval Archaeology: An Encyclopedia answers the needs of medieval scholars from a variety of backgrounds, including archaeologists, historians and classicists. Featuring over 150 entries by an international team of leading archaeologists, this unique reference is soundly based on the most important developments and scholarship in this rapidly growing field.
Entries include: boat-building * jewelry * Medieval London * Medieval Paris * Scotland in the Dark Ages * Trondheim, Norway * Bohemia: Early Medieval Villages * Dress Accessories * Early Slav Culture * Iron Age * Normandy: Castles and Fortified Residences * Scotland: Early Royal Sites * Shipbuilding * Trelleborg Fortress * Vikings * Visigoths * Wales: Medieval Settlement and many more.

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6,0 MB
9 lis 20 15:15

P. Crabtree - Medieval Archaeology, An Encyclopedi a (2000).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

Paul Johnson - Intellectuals (1988).jpg

Conservative historian Paul Johnson wears his ideology proudly on his sleeve in this often ruthless dissection of the thinkers and artists who (in his view) have shaped modern Western culture, having replaced some 200 years ago "the old clerisy as the guides and mentors of mankind." Taking on the likes of Karl Marx, Bertrand Russell, Lillian Hellman, and Noam Chomsky in turn, Johnson examines one idol after another and finds them all to have feet of clay. In his account, for instance, Ernest Hemingway emerges as an artistic hero who labored endlessly to forge a literary style unmistakably his own, but also as a deeply flawed man whose concern for the perfect phrase did not carry over to a concern for the women who loved him. Gossipy and sharply opinionated, Johnson's essay in cultural history spares no one.

Does it really matter that Henrik Ibsen was vain and arrogant, that Jean-Paul Sartre was incontinent? In Johnson's view, it does: these all-too-human foibles disqualify them, and other thinkers, from presuming to criticize the shortcomings of society. "Beware intellectuals," he concludes (though, given the subjects of his book, it seems he means intellectuals only of the left). "Not only should they be kept well away from the levers of power, they should also be objects of particular suspicion when they seek to offer collective advice." Whether one agrees or not, Johnson's profiles are frequently amusing and illuminating, as when he suggests that the only proletarian Karl Marx ever knew in person was the poor maid who worked for him for decades and was never paid, except in room and board, for her labors.

Contents
1 Jean-Jacques Rousseau: 'An Interesting Madman'
2 Shelley, or the Heartlessness of Ideas
3 Karl Marx: 'Howling Gigantic Curses'
4 Henrik Ibsen: 'On the Contrary!'
5 Tolstoy: God's Elder Brother
6 The Deep Waters of Ernest Hemingway
7 Bertolt Brecht: Heart of Ice
8 Bertrand Russell: A Case of Logical Fiddlesticks
9 Jean-Paul Sartre: 'A Little Ball of Fur and Ink'
10 Edmund Wilson: A Brand from the Burning
11 The Troubled Conscience of Victor Gollancz
12 Lies, Damned Lies and Lillian Hellman
13 The Flight of Reason
George Orwell
Evelyn Waugh
Cyril Connolly
Norman Mailer
Kenneth Peacock Tynan
Rainer Werner Fassbinder
James Baldwin
Noam Chomsky
Notes
Index

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9 lis 20 15:15

Paul Johnson - Historia Anglików (1995).jpg

Historia Anglików to spojrzenie wstecz na dwa tysiące lat angielskiej historii, które umożliwiło Paulowi Johnsonowi przeprowadzenie nowej, radykalnej interpretacji dziejów Wyspiarzy. Emocjonalne podejście do opisywanych wydarzeń, potoczysty styl, celne, choć często kontrowersyjne sądy - wszystkie zalety pisarstwa Johnsona - sprawiły, że książka ta wzbudziła ogromne zainteresowanie czytelników, a przy tym wywołała wiele polemik.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Anthony J. Spalinger - War in Ancient Egypt, The N ew Kingdom (2005).jpeg

This book is an introduction to the war machine of New Kingdom Egypt from c. 1575 bc–1100 bc.
Focuses on the period in which the Egyptians created a professional army and gained control of Syria, creating an “Empire of Asia”.
Written by a respected Egyptologist.
Highlights new technological developments, such as the use of chariots and siege technology.
Considers the socio-political aspects of warfare, particularly the rise to power of a new group of men.
Evaluates the military effectiveness of the Egyptian state, looking at the logistics of warfare during this period.
Incorporates maps and photographs, a chronological table, and a chart of dynasties and pharaohs

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9 lis 20 15:15

Anthony J. Spalinger - War in Ancient Egypt, The N ew Kingdom (2005).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

Liba Taub - Ancient Meteorology (2003).jpg

Ancient Meteorology discusses Greek and Roman approaches and attitudes to this broad discipline, which in classical antiquity included not only "weather", but occurrences such as earthquakes and comets that today would be regarded as geological, astronomical or seismological.
Given the predominance of farming in ancient society, it is not surprising that so much was written about the prediction and explanation of weather and how to respond to its cruelties and kindnesses. But the study of ancient meteorology was not only a practical matter. Poets, philosophers and physicians were also concerned with meteorology, posing important questions about the nature of the world and how we understand it, about the unity and character of the cosmos, and about the relationship between meteorology and the divine.
The author discusses the variety of ancient texts which communicate meteorological and scientific ideas, from Homeric epic and the didactic poetry of Hesiod, Aratus and Lucretius, to works such as Aristotle's Meteorology, the Hippocratic medical treatise on Airs, Waters, Places and Seneca's Natural Questions. The range and diversity of this literature highlights the question of scholarly authority in antiquity and illustrates how writers responded to the meteorological information presented by their literary predecessors.
The first book of its kind in English, Ancient Meteorology will be a valuable reference tool for classicists and those with an interest in the history of science.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Liba Taub - Ancient Meteorology (2003).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

S. Cuomo - Ancient Mathematics (2001).jpg

It covers the period between the fifth-century BCE to the sixth-century CE and such topics as mathematics and politics in classical Greece, the formation of mathematical traditions, and mathematics and Christianity.

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9 lis 20 15:15

S. Cuomo - Ancient Mathematics (2001).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

Donald Quataert - Ottoman Empire 1700-1922 (2005).jpg

This major new survey of the Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922, strikes a balance among social, economic, and political history. The book examines the major trends during the latter years of the empire; it pays attention to gender issues and to hotly-debated topics such as the treatment of minorities. Donald Quataert, a distinguished Ottoman scholar, has written a lively, authoritative and accessible introduction, supported by maps, illustrations and a chronology, which will be of enormous value to students and nonspecialists alike.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Donald Quataert - Ottoman Empire 1700-1922 (2005).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

Norman Yoffee - Myths of the archaic state (2004).jpg

Classical archaeology promotes the view that a state's evolution reflects general, universal forces. Norman Yoffee challenges the model in this book by presenting more complex and multi-linear models for the evolution of civilizations. Yoffee questions the definition of the prehistoric state, particularly that which heralds "the chiefdom" as the forerunner of the ancient state and explores case studies on the role of women in ancient societies.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Norman Yoffee - Myths of the archaic state (2004).pdf

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9 lis 20 15:15

Robert Hannah - Time in Antiquity (2009).jpg

Time in Antiquity explores the different perceptions of time from Classical antiquity, principally through the technology designed to measure, mark or tell time. The material discussed ranges from the sixth century BC in archaic Greece to the 3rd century AD in the Roman Empire, and offers fascinating insights into ordinary people’s perceptions of time and time-keeping instruments.

Cosmic time is defined, as expressed through the movements of the sun, moon and stars in themselves or against the backdrop of the natural landscape. Robert Hannah subsequently discusses calendars, artificial schedules designed to mark time through the year, with particular attention being given to an analysis of the Antikythera Mechanism – the most complex, geared, astronomical instrument surviving from antiquity, and the object of exciting recent scientific studies.

At the core of the book is an analysis of the development of sundial technology, from elementary human shadow-casting to the well-known spherical, conical and plane sundials of antiquity. The science behind these sundials, as well as other means of measuring time, such as water clocks, is explained in simple and clear terms. The use of the built environment as a means of marking time is also examined through a case study of the Pantheon in Rome. The impact of these various instruments on ordinary human life is highlighted throughout, as are ordinary perceptions of time in everyday life.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Osprey - Essential Histories 58 - Peter Gaunt - Th e English Civil Wars 1642-1651 (2003).jpg

The period 1642-1651, one of the most turbulent in the history of mainland Britian, saw the country torn by civil wars. Focusing on the English and Welsh wars this book examines the causes, course and consequences of the conflicts. While offering a concise military account that assesses the wars in their national, regional and local contexts, Dr Gaunt provides a full appraisal of the severity of the wars and the true extent of the impact on civilian life, highlighting areas of continued historical debate. The personal experiences and biographies of key players are also included in this comprehensive and fascinating account.

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9 lis 20 15:15

Andrew Bevan - Stone Vessels and Values in the Bro nze Age Mediterranean (2008).jpg

The societies that developed in the eastern Mediterranean during the Bronze Age produced the most prolific and diverse range of stone vessel traditions known at any time or anywhere in the world. Stone vessels are therefore a key class of artifact in the early history of this region. In this book, Andrew Bevan considers individual stone vessel industries in great detail. He also offers a highly comparative and value-led perspective on production, consumption and exchange logics throughout the eastern Mediterranean over a period of two millennia during the Bronze Age (ca. 3000-1200 BC).

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