Focusing on the choices made by coteries, this study examines the perplexing question of why World War I happened. In each case, the decision to enter the war was made by a handful of individuals--monarchs, ministers, military people, party leaders, ambassadors, and a few others. In each case also, separate and distinct agendas are seen, with considerations differing from one nation to the next. The leadership of Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Italy, the Balkans, and the United States are explored, as well as that of the major powers involved--Austria-Hungary, Germany, France, and Great Britain

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RichardF.Hamilton, HolgerH.Herwig - Decisions for War, 1914-1917 (2004).pdf

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Gary L. Gaile, Cort J. Willmott - Geography in Ame rica at the Dawn of the 21st Century (2004).jpg

Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century surveys American geographers' current research in their specialty areas and tracks trends and innovations in the many subfields of geography. As such, it is both a 'state of the discipline' assessment and a topical reference.

It includes an introduction by the editors and 47 chapters, each on a specific specialty. The authors of each chapter were chosen by their specialty group of the American Association of Geographers (AAG). Based on a process of review and revision, the chapters in this volume have become truly representative of the recent scholarship of American geographers. While it focuses on work since 1990, it additionally includes related prior work and work by non-American geographers.

The initial Geography in America was published in 1989 and has become a benchmark reference of American geographical research during the 1980s. This latest volume is completely new and features a preface written by the eminent geographer, Gilbert White.

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Gary L. Gaile, Cort J. Willmott - Geography in Ame rica at the Dawn of the 21st Century (2004).pdf

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Susan Dunn - Jefferson's Second Revolution, The El ection Crisis of 1800 and the Triumph of Republica nism (2004).jpg

The election of 1800 was a revolution in the modern sense of a radical new beginning, but it was also a revolution in the sense of a return to the point of origin, to the principles of 1776. Federalist incumbent John Adams, and the elitism he represented, faced Republican Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson defeated Adams but, through a quirk in Electoral College balloting, tied with his own running mate, Aaron Burr. A constitutional crisis ensued. Congress was supposed to resolve the tie, but would the Federalists hand over power peacefully to their political enemies, to Jefferson and his Republicans? For weeks on end, nothing was less certain. The Federalists delayed and plotted, while Republicans threatened to take up arms.
In a way no previous historian has done, Susan Dunn illuminates the many facets of this watershed moment in American history: she captures its great drama, gives us fresh, ﬁnely drawn portraits of the founding fathers, and brilliantly parses the enduring signiﬁcance of the crisis. The year 1800 marked the end of Federalist elitism, pointed the way to peaceful power shifts, cleared a place for states’ rights in the political landscape, and set the stage for the Civil War.

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Susan Dunn - Jefferson's Second Revolution, The El ection Crisis of 1800 and the Triumph of Republica nism (2004).pdf

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John Ruston Pagan - Anne Orthwood's Bastard, Sex a nd Law in Early Virginia (2002).jpg

In 1663, an indentured servant, Anne Orthwood, was impregnated with twins in a tavern in Northampton County, Virginia. Orthwood died soon after giving birth; one of the twins, Jasper, survived. Orthwood's illegitimate pregnancy sparked four related cases that came before the Northampton magistrates -- who coincidentally held court in the same tavern -- between 1664 and 1686. These interrelated cases and the decisions rendered in them are notable for the ways in which the Virginia colonists modified English common law traditions and began to create their own, as well as what they reveal about cultural and economic values in an Eastern shore community. Through these cases, the very reasons legal systems are created are revealed, namely, the maintenance of social order, the protection of property interests, the protection of personal reputation, and personal liberty. Through Jasper Orthwood's life, the treatment of the poor in small communities is set in sharp relief.
Anne Orthwood's Bastard was the winner of the 2003 Prize in Atlantic History, American Historical Association.

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John Ruston Pagan - Anne Orthwood's Bastard, Sex a nd Law in Early Virginia (2002).pdf

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Ian Westwell - 1st Marine Division, The Old Breed (2002).jpg

The USMC's 1st Division - 'The Old Breed' - is the oldest, largest, most decorated division-sized unit in the corps. Divisional regiments had first seen service as early as March 8, 1911, when the 1st Marines was formed at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, it would go on to perform in 15 major engagements during World War I. In World War II the 1st Division was blooded at Guadalcanal, then went on to fight throughout the Pacific campaign, each of the amphibious landings and the bloody battles to take the islands, being smaller versions of D-Day. The Pacific War saw some of the most uncompromising warfare in WWII, and the USMC was at the heart of it: the 1st Division would earn three World War II Presidential Unit Citations - Guadalcanal, Peleliu, and Okinawa - each was well deserved.

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Ian Westwell - 1st Marine Division, The Old Breed (2002).pdf

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Paul Rogers - Global Security and the War on Terro r, Elite Power and the Illusion of Control (2007).jpg

This collection of essays by Professor Paul Rogers argues that the post-Cold War security paradigm is fundamentally misguided and unsustainable and concludes with two new essays on the need for a new conception of global security rooted in justice and emancipation.

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Paul Rogers - Global Security and the War on Terro r, Elite Power and the Illusion of Control (2007).pdf

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Jack P. Greene, J. R. Pole - A Companion to the Am erican Revolution (2000).jpg

A Companion to the American Revolution is a single guide to the themes, events, and concepts of this major turning point in early American history. Containing coverage before, during, and after the war, as well as the effect of the revolution on a global scale, this major reference to the period is ideal for any student, scholar, or general reader seeking a complete reference to the field.
* Contains 90 articles in all, including guides to further reading and a detailed chronological table.
* Explains all aspects of the revolution before, during, and after the war.
* Discusses the status and experiences of women, Native Americans, and African Americans, and aspects of social and daily life during this period.
* Describes the effects of the revolution abroad.
* Provides complete coverage of military history, including the home front.
* Concludes with a section on concepts to put the morality of early America in today’s context.

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Jack P. Greene, J. R. Pole - A Companion to the Am erican Revolution (2000).pdf

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Sheila Weller - Girls Like Us, Carole King, Joni M itchell, Carly Simon -- and the Journey of a Gener ation (2008).jpg

O USA - Sheila Weller - Girls Like Us, Carole King, Joni Mitchel...ll, Carly Simon -- and the Journey of a Generation 2008.jpg

Carole King, Joni Mitchell, and Carly Simon remain among the most enduring and important women in popular music. Each woman is distinct. Carole King is the product of outer-borough, middle-class New York City; Joni Mitchell is a granddaughter of Canadian farmers; and Carly Simon is a child of the Manhattan intellectual upper crust. They collectively represent, in their lives and their songs, a great swath of American girls who came of age in the late 1960s. Their stories trace the arc of the now mythic sixties generation -- female version -- but in a bracingly specific and deeply recalled way, far from cliche. The history of the women of that generation has never been written -- until now, through their resonant lives and emblematic songs.

Filled with the voices of many dozens of these women's intimates, who are speaking in these pages for the first time, this alternating biography reads like a novel -- except it's all true, and the heroines are famous and beloved. Sheila Weller captures the character of each woman and gives a balanced portrayal enriched by a wealth of new information.

Girls Like Us is an epic treatment of midcentury women who dared to break tradition and become what none had been before them -- confessors in song, rock superstars, and adventurers of heart and soul.

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Concord - Armor at War 7031 - Steven J. Zaloga - U S Half-Tracks in Combat, 1941-1945 (1999).jpg

Introduction
Most studies of mechanized warfare in World War II focus on tank tactics and doctrine. But the dilemma of tank and infantry cooperation on the battlefield has long been one of the most controversial and intractable problems faced by armored forces.

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Concord - Armor at War 7031 - Steven J. Zaloga - U S Half-Tracks in Combat, 1941-1945 (1999).pdf

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Thomas L. Friedman - From Beirut to Jerusalem (198 9).jpg

Winner of the 1989 National Book Award for nonfiction, this extraordinary bestseller is still the most incisive, thought-provoking book ever written about the Middle East. Thomas L. Friedman, twice winner of the Pulitzer Prize for international reporting, and now the Foreign Affairs columnist on the op-ed page of the New York Times, drew on his ten years in the Middle East to write a book that The Wall Street Journal called "a sparkling intellectual guidebook... an engrossing journey not to be missed."

"If you're only going to read one book on the Middle East, this is it." -- Seymour Hersh.

From Publishers Weekly
Friedman, who twice garnered the Pulitzer as a New York Times correspondent in Lebanon and Israel, further delineates the two countries in this provocative, absorbing memoir cum political and social analysis. A condensed, incisive history of the Middle East is proffered, as well as personal reflections on his 10-year sojourn: the issue of Friedman's Jewishness in Beirut, the fact that he was the Times 's first Jewish reporter in Israel, the bombing of his apartment in Beirut by the PLO, which took the lives of his Lebanese news assistant's children. A top-flight observer and interpreter, the author elucidates the complex religious factions obstructing Lebanese and Israeli politics; the agendas of various posturing, media-loving Arab and Israeli leaders; the perversity of daily life in "Wild West Beirut"; the wanton murder in Lebanon of U.S. marines and Palestinian refugees; America's fascination with Israel; the waning romance between Israeli and American Jews; and the Palestinian intifada.

From Library Journal
There have been any number of books that have worked hard at interpreting the melange called the Middle East. This one, however, makes a difference because it's so well written and captures the psychological mannerisms of the people of Lebanon and Israel--the first step to understanding some of the mysterious "why" that seems to elude the American public and government. Friedman's credentials are impressive: he spent six years of journalistic service for the New York Times in Beirut and Jerusalem, has won two Pulitzer prizes, and is now the Times 's chief diplomatic correspondent. His writing is vastly descriptive, incredibly illuminating, very educational, and marvelously persuasive. His advice to U.S. diplomats is that since "Middle East diplomacy is a contact sport," they must bargain as grocers, or, in other words, realize that everything has a price and the sale can always be made with enough hard work.

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General Tommy Franks, Malcolm McConnell - American Soldier (2004).jpg

As Commander in Chief of the United States Central Command from July 2000 through July 2003, Tommy Franks led the American and Coalition forces to victory in both Afghanistan and Iraq. Unsurprisingly, the portions of American Soldier covering these wars are the most interesting because they combine military maneuvers, political wrangling, and lots of action and commentary. This does not mean, however, that the rest of his autobiography is dull. General Franks's writing is clear and engaging and his insider's perspective is informative and interesting, particularly when he explains how the military moved into the 21st century by emphasizing speed, agility, and better cooperation among the various branches--a significant shift from the first Persian Gulf war just a decade earlier. In addition to his years as a war general, his memoir also covers his childhood, his early years in the Army, his tours of Vietnam, and how he contemplated retirement before being called up as commander of Central Command, "the most diverse, strategically vital—and unstable—region of the planet." Ever the diplomat, General Franks offers insights, but little criticism of individuals. Other than expressing admiration for his own staff and for President Bush and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld in particular, he is tight-lipped about any conflict within the administration that may have occurred regarding policy issues. (The one exception is counterterrorism specialist Richard Clarke. "I never received a single operational recommendation, or a single page of actionable intelligence, from Richard Clarke," he writes). He also writes that he was surprised by the absence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and that no WMDs were used against American troops. Still, the invasion of Iraq was justified in his eyes: "While we may not have found actual WMD stockpiles, what the Coalition discovered was the equivalent of a disassembled pistol, lying on a table beside neatly arranged trays of bullets." American Soldier is a compelling look at the war on terrorism from one who served on the frontlines as both a warrior and a diplomat. --Shawn Carkonen

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General Tommy Franks, Malcolm McConnell - American Soldier (2004).pdf

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Merril D. Smith - Sex and Sexuality in Early Ameri ca (1998).jpg

Introduction
In 1683, Priscilla Willson, a sixteen-year-old orphan from Hammersmith, Massachusetts, was convicted of fornication. Samuel Appleton, the presumed father of her child, was not. Several witnesses suggested he had forced himself on Willson, whom neighbors testified had “behaved herselfe soe modestly and Civilly all her time before this transgression.” The notion that pregnancy could result only from consensual sex was so pervasive, however, that despite evidence to the contrary, no one in the village actually accused Appleton of rape. The people of this Puritan community assumed that Priscilla Willson had isbehaved, even if she had been led astray by Appleton. The reality of the situation, that Appleton most probably seduced or raped the much younger Willson, was lost to a canon that condemned premarital sex, but permitted class and gender double standards. Although Appleton did have to pay half the court costs, as well as expenses incurred with the birth, his status as a gentleman and his connections to the judges enabled him to maintain his honor.

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Merril D. Smith - Sex and Sexuality in Early Ameri ca (1998).pdf

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Robert Higgs - Depression, War, and Cold War, Stud ies in Political Economy (2006).jpg

Other books exist that warn of the dangers of empire and war. However, few, if any, of these books do so from a scholarly, informed economic standpoint. In Depression, War, and Cold War , Robert Higgs, a highly regarded economic historian, makes pointed, fresh economic arguments against war, showing links between government policies and the economy in a clear, accessible way. He boldly questions, for instance, the widely accepted idea that World War II was the chief reason the Depression-era economy recovered. The book as a whole covers American economic history from the Great Depression through the Cold War. Part I centers on the Depression and World War II. It addresses the impact of government policies on the private sector, the effects of wartime procurement policies on the economy, and the economic consequences of the transition to a peacetime economy after the victorious end of the war. Part II focuses on the Cold War, particularly on the links between Congress and defense procurement, the level of profits made by defense contractors, and the role of public opinion andnt ideological rhetoric in the maintenance of defense expenditures over time. This new book extends and refines ideas of the earlier book with new interpretations, evidence, and statistical analysis. This book will reach a similar audience of students, researchers, and educated lay people in political economy and economic history in particular, and in the social sciences in general.

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Robert Higgs - Depression, War, and Cold War, Stud ies in Political Economy (2006).djvu

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Francis Fukuyama - America at the Crossroads, Dem ocracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy (200 6).jpg

With The End of History and The Last Man, Fukuyama provided neo-conservatives and their political acolytes with the academic legitimacy they did not have otherwise. So the world and history was no longer moving thanks to the free play of its inner contradictions but it had reached its end. Fukuyama, fifteen years later, does not criticize this basic idea of his, but criticizes the neo-conservatives who turned this anti-historical pronunciamento into the policy that led to the Iraq catastrophe. Fukuyama is thus totally unaware of his responsibility. But he shows clearly how Iraq has become a major mistake and hence a major hindrance and handicap in the aftermath of Iraq.

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Francis Fukuyama - America at the Crossroads, Dem ocracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy (200 6).pdf

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Emanuel Mann Josephson - Rockefeller, ''internatio nalist,'', The man who misrules the world (1952).jpg

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Emanuel Mann Josephson - Rockefeller, ''internatio nalist,'', The man who misrules the world (1952).pdf

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Tsuyoshi Hasegawa - Racing the Enemy, Stalin, Trum an, and the Surrender of Japan (2006).jpg

With startling revelations, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa rewrites the standard history of the end of World War II in the Pacific. By fully integrating the three key actors in the story--the United States, the Soviet Union, and Japan--Hasegawa for the first time puts the last months of the war into international perspective.

From April 1945, when Stalin broke the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact and Harry Truman assumed the presidency, to the final Soviet military actions against Japan, Hasegawa brings to light the real reasons Japan surrendered. From Washington to Moscow to Tokyo and back again, he shows us a high-stakes diplomatic game as Truman and Stalin sought to outmaneuver each other in forcing Japan's surrender; as Stalin dangled mediation offers to Japan while secretly preparing to fight in the Pacific; as Tokyo peace advocates desperately tried to stave off a war party determined to mount a last-ditch defense; and as the Americans struggled to balance their competing interests of ending the war with Japan and preventing the Soviets from expanding into the Pacific.

Authoritative and engrossing, Racing the Enemy puts the final days of World War II into a whole new light.

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Tsuyoshi Hasegawa - Racing the Enemy, Stalin, Trum an, and the Surrender of Japan (2006).pdf

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